Two entries carrying the same stats: key in one batch both miss the
existing-row probe, so the overwrite branch never runs, both land in the
bulk insert, and skipDuplicates keeps whichever the unique index saw
first. The older snapshot of a per-day cumulative total or of a filling
ten-minute heart-rate bucket therefore won and the newer, larger figure
was dropped silently — both entries reported inserted, the counters
still summed, and the client checkpointed past both.
stats: rows carry overwrite semantics by contract, so within one batch
the last entry for a key is the authoritative one. Resolve it up front
and report the superseded earlier entries as duplicate with a
superseded_in_batch reason, a status the client already checkpoints
past.