The passkey sign-in, security-key sign-in and security-key registration
verifiers read the challenge, verified the response, and deleted the
challenge afterwards. Two requests carrying the same assertion could both
read it before either deleted it, and both be accepted.
A challenge is now claimed with one guarded DELETE ... RETURNING that also
checks its ceremony, its account and its expiry, before anything is
verified; a concurrent second request finds nothing. A passkey sign-in also
refuses a challenge that was begun for a different account than the passkey
belongs to.
The login challenge read its attempt count, verified the factor, and only
then incremented. Requests sent in parallel all read the same count below
the cap, so one ticket allowed more guesses than the cap. Each attempt is
now reserved by a single guarded UPDATE before the factor is evaluated,
and a failure only settles the reserved attempt.
A pending secret from an enrollment that was never confirmed counted as a
second factor wherever a code was verified: step-up minting, the passkey
enrollment re-proof, MFA disable and login completion. Anyone holding a
session can create a pending secret, so a code from one proves nothing
about the account owner. verifyMfaFactor now refuses both TOTP and
recovery codes until totpConfirmedAt is set.
Bump @simplewebauthn/server 13.3.3 -> 14.0.2 and @simplewebauthn/browser
13.3.0 -> 14.0.0, and keep React on an exact pin at 19.3.0 with react-dom
and both type packages moved alongside.
SimpleWebAuthn 14 changes one default the server relied on: the verifier
used to accept every algorithm the library knew (EdDSA, ES256, ES512,
PS256/384/512, RS256/384/512, RS1) and now accepts only the three it
offers. Pass both lists explicitly so a registration that succeeded
before still succeeds, and so the offered list stays EdDSA/ES256/RS256
on a runtime that would otherwise prepend ML-DSA-44. The option JSON of
all four ceremonies, and verification against stored credentials, match
the 13.x snapshots unchanged.
Mirror the TOTP login path: both the security-key verify and verify-options
routes now reject any challenge whose kind is not "login" with the same generic
401, so a future step-up or non-login challenge can never mint a login session
through these endpoints. Set the registration and authentication ceremonies to
userVerification:"required" to match the server's UV enforcement — a key that
passes the browser but skips UV would otherwise fail server-side.
Introduce a dedicated /settings/security section that gathers every
account-protection control in one place: TOTP enrolment (QR plus manual
secret, confirm, recovery codes shown once with copy and download),
WebAuthn security keys as a second factor (register, list with last-used,
rename, step-up-gated removal), recovery-code count and regeneration, and
primary passkey management.
The second-factor WebAuthn path keeps its own credential store, separate
from primary passkeys, and uses non-resident keys so an account can hold
many. Relying-party resolution is shared with the passkey path. A status
endpoint backs the hub; the step-up gate now recognises a registered
security key as an active second factor so a WebAuthn-only account can
still reach the gated actions.
Reject any challenge that is not a login challenge before minting a session,
cap the disable and confirm request bodies through safeJson, and correct the
recovery-code scan comment to match its early-return-on-match behaviour.
When a password is accepted for an account with a confirmed TOTP factor, the
login route no longer mints a session or token. It creates a single-use,
~5-minute MfaChallenge (the opaque ticket is stored only as a hash) and
returns HTTP 200 with data:null, error:null and meta.mfaRequired + mfaTicket +
methods. The client completes the login at POST /api/auth/mfa/verify with the
ticket + a TOTP or recovery code, receiving the exact same token bundle the
password path issues, with the session stamped second-factor-verified.
- The ticket is claimed once, atomically, only after the factor verifies, so
two concurrent submissions can mint at most one session; no session ever
exists before factor two.
- Wrong codes increment the ticket attempt counter and burn it at the cap
(throttle, not an account lock); the anonymous verify surface is also
rate-limited per IP.
- meta.mfaRequired is returned only after a valid password and the
invalid-credentials response is identical regardless of MFA state, so an
attacker without the password cannot enumerate MFA.
- The session/token tail is extracted to login-response.ts and shared by both
the password path and the verify path, keeping the transport contract
identical. OpenAPI registers the verify endpoint, the MFA management
endpoints, and the mfaRequired login variant.
Add the TOTP enroll/confirm/disable surface and Argon2id-hashed recovery
codes as the v1.23 second factor.
- totp.ts wraps otpauth (zero-dep) pinned to the interop floor (SHA-1, 6
digits, 30 s) with a +/-1 drift window. Replay protection persists the last
accepted time-step per account (User.totpLastStep, migration
0202_v123_totp_laststep) and rejects any step that is not strictly newer,
so a captured code dies the instant it is accepted once.
- recovery-codes.ts issues ten single-use, high-entropy codes, Argon2id-
hashed at rest, shown once; regeneration replaces the entire prior set in a
transaction and verification burns the matched code with a guarded update.
- The TOTP secret is stored AES-256-GCM encrypted (already registered in the
encrypted-columns registry + rotation script); decrypt is fail-closed.
- Routes: setup (pending secret), confirm (activate + issue recovery codes),
disable (step-up + current factor), recovery-codes/regenerate (step-up).
Setup/confirm are cookie-only; disable/regenerate add requireFreshMfa.
- scripts/disable-mfa.ts is the operator escape hatch for a locked-out
self-hoster, audited, run via pnpm dlx tsx.
Marc-André Bombeck