diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 53cb335cb..9048aa07d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,84 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [1.40.0] — 2026-10-04
+
+Back up the encryption key and refuse a key that cannot open the data;
+several courses and custom categories for medications; custom symptoms;
+document reads in the background; sick notes; lab unit refusal and charts
+that follow the source priority; blood pressure no longer loses its
+diastolic value; document previews work again.
+
+### Added
+
+- **Encryption key backup step (migration 0365).** Admin step with key id,
+  fingerprint and per-platform guidance (`HEALTHLOG_PLATFORM`), an optional
+  "check my copy" that compares and discards the pasted key, a reminder that
+  returns when the key changes.
+- **Boot key check.** A canary per key id, probed oldest values first across
+  string and Bytes columns; a proven mismatch answers 503
+  `encryption.key_mismatch` everywhere except `/api/health` and
+  `/api/version`, MCP included, and starts no worker; an unproven result
+  serves, warns and re-checks. `ENCRYPTION_KEY_CHECK=warn` as a last resort.
+- **Medication courses and custom categories (#1024, #1041, migration
+  0368).** Several courses per medication; compliance, streak, cadence and
+  dose history count every course and never the gaps; existing dated
+  medications become one course each. Own categories as `custom:<id>` with
+  `categoryLabel`; the runtime category table is now in the schema.
+- **Custom symptoms (#981, migration 0369).** Up to eight definitions, events
+  with a 0 to 10 intensity, a capture kind, one correlation channel per
+  symptom, a Coach block; gated on the Illness module.
+- **Document AI as background runs (#1090, migrations 0366 and 0370).**
+  Index, summary, suggestions and extraction accept `Prefer: respond-async`;
+  the lab scan always runs in the background; `GET /api/ai-runs/{id}`.
+- **`SICK_NOTE` document kind.**
+- **Natural durations (#1101)** in the sleep field.
+- **Reasoning effort per provider (#1126).** The Local and OpenAI-compatible
+  forms gain a Reasoning select (Default, Off, Low, Medium, High), stored on
+  the provider's chain entry; Default sends nothing, Off sends
+  `reasoning_effort: "none"`. A rejection of that field no longer switches
+  the endpoint's JSON mode off.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **Blood pressure saved without its diastolic value (iOS #15, migration
+  0371).** The iPhone app sends the two halves of a manual reading as two
+  requests under one `Idempotency-Key`, and the server answered the second
+  with the first one's cached response. The replay cache now stores a SHA-256
+  fingerprint of method, path and body (JSON canonicalised, a multipart
+  boundary normalised) and replays only the same request; a different body
+  under the same key is saved. Readings saved before this stay incomplete;
+  `docs/ops/blood-pressure-missing-diastolic.md` lists them.
+- **Document previews and scanned PDFs (#1124).** The image hoisted an older
+  `@napi-rs/canvas` binary next to the pinned loader, so every thumbnail
+  failed; the build now hoists the pinned version and fails on a mismatch.
+  PDFs render with pdfjs font, cmap and wasm data and a registered fallback
+  font instead of absent system fonts, and an all-blank render reports
+  `raster-failed`. The thumbnail job logs why a preview is missing.
+- **Portable backups.** Cycle free text, custom mood labels, visit notes
+  and vaccination notes are carried readable and re-encrypted on restore
+  instead of as the source server's ciphertext; custom mood tags restore
+  without mood entries; a round-trip guard fails on any ciphertext in a
+  portable file. A medication update and its course share one transaction.
+- **Lab unit mismatch (#1094).** A reading in another unit than its marker is
+  refused (`labs.unit.mismatch`) on every write path; a marker's unit is
+  locked while it has readings (`biomarkers.unit.locked`).
+- **Source priority in series (#1108).** Pulse, HRV and SpO2 series read the
+  ladder's source per day; unranked types keep every source.
+- **Sign-in over plain http (#1097).** Refused with
+  `auth.session.insecure_transport` before a password, code or challenge is
+  used; the sign-in page says so first.
+- **Chart window (#1102).** Ends at the end of today in the profile time zone.
+- **Workouts.** The insight cap survives a delete (migration 0367); a changed
+  `manual:` resubmit updates the workout and its paragraph.
+- **Display.** Clinician decimals in the owner's locale, stated dates east of
+  UTC+12, archive month grouping, lab list columns without a range, icon
+  picker touch targets and labels, symptom entry load errors.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Quick-entry forms load on demand; the four eager route baselines are
+  lowered to the new measurements.
+
 ## [1.39.9] — 2026-10-03
 
 Workouts can be logged by hand, the body fat tile opens its own page, and
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 6b871db84..20fe839da 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ RUN NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=8192 pnpm build
 # name; see the note there for why guessing was wrong.
 RUN node -p "require('/app/node_modules/pdfjs-dist/package.json').version" \
       > /app/.pdfjs-version
+# The same for @napi-rs/canvas, whose native binary must match its JS loader.
+RUN node -p "require('/app/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas/package.json').version" \
+      > /app/.canvas-version
 
 # ── Stage 3: Production runner ─────────────────────────────
 FROM node:22-alpine@sha256:16e22a550f3863206a3f701448c45f7912c6896a62de43add43bb9c86130c3e2 AS runner
@@ -120,21 +123,41 @@ RUN node -e "require.resolve('pg-boss'); require.resolve('pg')"
 # @napi-rs/canvas" → "Cannot polyfill DOMMatrix" → rasterize ReferenceError);
 # (2) @napi-rs/canvas's own loader then resolves its platform binary. Hoist BOTH
 # the canvas package and the musl binary package to /app/node_modules/@napi-rs
-# via symlink into the .pnpm store, and also drop the prebuilt .node into the
-# canvas dir so the loader's local-file fallback (`require('./skia.<triple>.node')`)
-# is belt-and-suspenders. Per-arch buildx installs only the matching musl triple.
+# via symlink into the .pnpm store, and drop the prebuilt .node into the canvas
+# dir: the loader tries that local file (`require('./skia.<triple>.node')`)
+# before the platform package, so it decides which binary runs.
+#
+# Hoist the version the app pins, by name, exactly like pdfjs-dist below. The
+# store holds a second, older canvas that pdf-parse's own pdfjs-dist pulls in,
+# and this step used to take whichever `find | head -1` returned first. It
+# returned the old binary, which then sat next to the new loader: rendering
+# still worked, but `loadImage` called an `Image.decode` the old binary does
+# not have, and every preview thumbnail failed with "image.decode is not a
+# function". Name the version, and fail the build when the binary that lands
+# in the canvas dir is not that version's.
+COPY --from=builder /app/.canvas-version /tmp/.canvas-version
 RUN set -e; \
-    CANVAS_DIR="$(find /app/node_modules/.pnpm -maxdepth 4 -type d -path '*@napi-rs+canvas@*/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas' 2>/dev/null | head -1)"; \
-    MUSL_DIR="$(find /app/node_modules/.pnpm -maxdepth 4 -type d -path '*@napi-rs+canvas-linux-*-musl@*/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas-linux-*-musl' 2>/dev/null | head -1)"; \
-    NODE_BIN="$(find /app/node_modules/.pnpm -maxdepth 5 -name 'skia.linux-*-musl.node' 2>/dev/null | head -1)"; \
-    if [ -n "$CANVAS_DIR" ]; then \
-      mkdir -p /app/node_modules/@napi-rs; \
-      ln -sfn "$CANVAS_DIR" /app/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas; \
-      [ -n "$MUSL_DIR" ] && ln -sfn "$MUSL_DIR" "/app/node_modules/@napi-rs/$(basename "$MUSL_DIR")"; \
-      [ -n "$NODE_BIN" ] && cp "$NODE_BIN" "$CANVAS_DIR/"; \
-      chown -R nextjs:nodejs /app/node_modules/@napi-rs; \
-      echo "canvas hoisted for pdfjs: $CANVAS_DIR (musl=$MUSL_DIR)"; \
-    else echo "WARN: @napi-rs/canvas not found; PDF rasterization will degrade to local text"; fi
+    CANVAS_VERSION="$(cat /tmp/.canvas-version)"; \
+    rm -f /tmp/.canvas-version; \
+    CANVAS_DIR="/app/node_modules/.pnpm/@napi-rs+canvas@${CANVAS_VERSION}/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas"; \
+    MUSL_DIR="$(find /app/node_modules/.pnpm -maxdepth 4 -type d -path "*@napi-rs+canvas-linux-*-musl@${CANVAS_VERSION}/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas-linux-*-musl" 2>/dev/null | head -1)"; \
+    if [ ! -d "$CANVAS_DIR" ] || [ -z "$MUSL_DIR" ]; then \
+      echo "ERROR: pinned @napi-rs/canvas@${CANVAS_VERSION} or its musl binary did not reach the traced image."; \
+      echo "Present instead:"; \
+      find /app/node_modules/.pnpm -maxdepth 1 -name '@napi-rs+canvas*' 2>/dev/null; \
+      exit 1; \
+    fi; \
+    NODE_BIN="$(find "$MUSL_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -name 'skia.linux-*-musl.node' | head -1)"; \
+    [ -n "$NODE_BIN" ] || { echo "ERROR: no skia binary in $MUSL_DIR"; exit 1; }; \
+    mkdir -p /app/node_modules/@napi-rs; \
+    ln -sfn "$CANVAS_DIR" /app/node_modules/@napi-rs/canvas; \
+    ln -sfn "$MUSL_DIR" "/app/node_modules/@napi-rs/$(basename "$MUSL_DIR")"; \
+    cp "$NODE_BIN" "$CANVAS_DIR/"; \
+    chown -R nextjs:nodejs /app/node_modules/@napi-rs; \
+    BIN_VERSION="$(node -p "require('$MUSL_DIR/package.json').version")"; \
+    [ "$BIN_VERSION" = "$CANVAS_VERSION" ] || { echo "ERROR: canvas binary is $BIN_VERSION, loader is $CANVAS_VERSION"; exit 1; }; \
+    cmp -s "$NODE_BIN" "$CANVAS_DIR/$(basename "$NODE_BIN")" || { echo "ERROR: the canvas dir holds a different binary"; exit 1; }; \
+    echo "canvas hoisted for pdfjs: $CANVAS_DIR (binary $BIN_VERSION from $MUSL_DIR)"
 
 # pdfjs-dist is `serverExternalPackages` (NOT bundled — the bundled copy's render
 # path breaks in the standalone image), so the server does a runtime bare
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 806f6649d..a757a5c08 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ Actively developed — new releases roughly weekly, issue reports and PRs welcom
 
 HealthLog started as something I built for myself. That it has turned into a project other people use, care about and help shape still surprises me, and I am grateful for every part of it.
 
-Thank you to everyone who sent code that shipped: [@TimonBed](https://github.com/TimonBed), [@Antiheld86](https://github.com/Antiheld86), [@BernhardBuckel](https://github.com/BernhardBuckel), [@balajiv113](https://github.com/balajiv113), [@aucun6352](https://github.com/aucun6352), [@mathewcsims](https://github.com/mathewcsims) and [@muhdusama](https://github.com/muhdusama). A special thanks to [@BernhardBuckel](https://github.com/BernhardBuckel), who has been working through the lab screens one careful pull request at a time, with tests and a plan before every change.
+Thank you to everyone who sent code that shipped: [@TimonBed](https://github.com/TimonBed), [@Antiheld86](https://github.com/Antiheld86), [@BernhardBuckel](https://github.com/BernhardBuckel), [@balajiv113](https://github.com/balajiv113), [@aucun6352](https://github.com/aucun6352), [@mathewcsims](https://github.com/mathewcsims) and [@muhdusama](https://github.com/muhdusama).
 
-Thank you to everyone who opened an issue, asked a question in the discussions or wrote me an email. Most of what got better in the last months started with someone describing what went wrong for them, often with a log, a screenshot and a second try when the first fix was not enough.
+Thank you to everyone who opened an issue, asked a question in the discussions or wrote me an email, and especially to [@lutzkind](https://github.com/lutzkind), [@HercoGC](https://github.com/HercoGC), [@mills1975](https://github.com/mills1975), [@sreeramachandramurthy](https://github.com/sreeramachandramurthy), [@CritLoren](https://github.com/CritLoren), [@mbreitkreuz](https://github.com/mbreitkreuz), [@k-nacion](https://github.com/k-nacion), [@NebuPookins](https://github.com/NebuPookins), [@Nazza01](https://github.com/Nazza01), [@Cnote43](https://github.com/Cnote43) and [@juliaanvaneijndt](https://github.com/juliaanvaneijndt), whose reports shaped HealthLog again and again. Most of what got better in the last months started with someone describing what went wrong for them, often with a log, a screenshot and a second try when the first fix was not enough.
 
 And thank you to everyone who supported the project with a coffee or by buying the iPhone app. I don't name anyone here, but I read every message that comes with it. It pays for the servers and the Apple developer account, and it tells me that HealthLog is worth the evenings.
 
diff --git a/docs/CONTRIBUTING-CLIENTS.md b/docs/CONTRIBUTING-CLIENTS.md
index 2f5660022..e2f627e8c 100644
--- a/docs/CONTRIBUTING-CLIENTS.md
+++ b/docs/CONTRIBUTING-CLIENTS.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Every JSON route answers the same shape: `{ data, error }`, with `meta` on the e
 - Refresh tokens rotate per device and are one-time-use. Reusing an old one revokes that device's whole token family, on purpose. Persist the newest pair atomically and never retry a refresh with a token that already succeeded once.
 - Bearer token scopes are fail-closed. A token minted for one purpose does not open unrelated routes, and a route that does not declare a scope refuses narrow tokens outright. Expect `403` to be a normal, recoverable answer, not an anomaly.
 - Admin surfaces are cookie-session only, by construction. A native client cannot be an admin client, whatever scopes its token carries. Do not build admin features.
-- Mutations accept an `Idempotency-Key` header. Replays answer with the original result plus `X-Idempotent-Replay`, so retrying on a dropped connection is safe. Use it for anything a user would notice twice.
+- Mutations accept an `Idempotency-Key` header. A repeat of the same key with the same body answers with the original result plus `X-Idempotent-Replay`, so retrying on a dropped connection is safe. A different body under the same key is treated as a new request, not a replay; still, give each distinct write its own key. Use it for anything a user would notice twice.
 
 ## Data semantics worth knowing before you sync
 
diff --git a/docs/api/openapi.yaml b/docs/api/openapi.yaml
index 25431a0bd..bb71a2e8e 100644
--- a/docs/api/openapi.yaml
+++ b/docs/api/openapi.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 openapi: 3.1.0
 info:
   title: HealthLog API
-  version: 1.39.9
+  version: 1.40.0
   description: >-
     Self-hosted personal-health-tracking PWA — public API surface for the iOS native client and external ingest.
 
@@ -162,12 +162,14 @@ paths:
             pattern: ^[A-Za-z0-9_\-:.]{8,128}$
             minLength: 8
             maxLength: 128
-          description: "Makes this write safe to retry. Send the same key again and the first response is replayed rather than the
-            work repeated, marked with `X-Idempotent-Replay: true`. A key that does not match the pattern is IGNORED
-            rather than refused — the write then proceeds unprotected and looks exactly like a request that carried no
-            key, so validate the key on your side. Scoped per user and per (method, path): the same key on a different
-            route is a different key. While a first request under this key is still in flight, a second is refused with
-            409 rather than queued."
+          description: "Makes this write safe to retry. Send the same key with the same body again and the first response is
+            replayed rather than the work repeated, marked with `X-Idempotent-Replay: true`. The body is compared as
+            JSON with key order ignored; a different body under the same key is not a retry and runs as a new write,
+            while the first response stays stored for retries of the first request. A key that does not match the
+            pattern is IGNORED rather than refused — the write then proceeds unprotected and looks exactly like a
+            request that carried no key, so validate the key on your side. Scoped per user and per (method, path): the
+            same key on a different route is a different key. While a first request under this key is still in flight, a
+            second with the same body is refused with 409 rather than queued."
       requestBody:
         required: true
         content:
@@ -25855,6 +25857,28 @@ components:
               minimum: 10
               maximum: 600
             - type: "null"
+        localReasoningEffort:
+          description: Reasoning setting of the Local provider entry, stored on that entry of the provider chain. `none` = Off,
+            `null` = Default (nothing sent). Omitted leaves it untouched.
+          anyOf:
+            - type: string
+              enum:
+                - none
+                - low
+                - medium
+                - high
+            - type: "null"
+        compatReasoningEffort:
+          description: Reasoning setting of the OpenAI-compatible gateway entry, stored on that entry of the provider chain.
+            `none` = Off, `null` = Default (nothing sent). Omitted leaves it untouched.
+          anyOf:
+            - type: string
+              enum:
+                - none
+                - low
+                - medium
+                - high
+            - type: "null"
       description: "Partial update of the calling user's AI-provider configuration. An omitted key is left untouched; `null`
         (or an empty string, on the string fields) clears the column. At least one recognised key must be present, or
         the write is refused. Key material is write-only: it is encrypted on the way in and never returned. Unknown keys
@@ -27071,6 +27095,7 @@ components:
       properties:
         chain:
           minItems: 1
+          maxItems: 7
           type: array
           items:
             type: object
@@ -27096,15 +27121,30 @@ components:
                 maximum: 9007199254740991
               enabled:
                 type: boolean
+              reasoningEffort:
+                description: Only on a `local` or `openai-compatible` entry; refused on any other. Omitted keeps the value already
+                  stored for that provider, `null` restores Default, `none` / `low` / `medium` / `high` are sent as
+                  `reasoning_effort`.
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                    enum:
+                      - none
+                      - low
+                      - medium
+                      - high
+                  - type: "null"
             required:
               - providerType
               - enabled
+            additionalProperties: false
           description: The whole chain, in the order it should be walked. At least one entry and at most one per known provider
             type; a repeated type is refused.
       required:
         - chain
+      additionalProperties: false
       description: Replaces the account's provider chain wholesale. No credential is written or read here — only which
-        provider types exist, in what order, and which are enabled.
+        provider types exist, in what order, which are enabled, and the reasoning setting of the Local and
+        OpenAI-compatible entries.
     InsightsFeedbackRequest:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -36605,6 +36645,54 @@ components:
                 anyOf:
                   - type: string
                   - type: "null"
+              note:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
+              sensitive:
+                anyOf:
+                  - anyOf:
+                      - type: object
+                        properties:
+                          sexualActivity:
+                            type: boolean
+                          protectedSex:
+                            anyOf:
+                              - type: boolean
+                              - type: "null"
+                          pregnancyTest:
+                            anyOf:
+                              - type: string
+                                enum:
+                                  - NEGATIVE
+                                  - POSITIVE
+                                  - INDETERMINATE
+                              - type: "null"
+                          progesteroneTest:
+                            anyOf:
+                              - type: string
+                                enum:
+                                  - NEGATIVE
+                                  - POSITIVE
+                                  - INDETERMINATE
+                              - type: "null"
+                          contraceptive:
+                            anyOf:
+                              - type: string
+                                enum:
+                                  - NONE
+                                  - UNSPECIFIED
+                                  - IMPLANT
+                                  - INJECTION
+                                  - IUD
+                                  - INTRAVAGINAL_RING
+                                  - ORAL
+                                  - PATCH
+                                  - EMERGENCY
+                              - type: "null"
+                        additionalProperties: false
+                      - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
               source:
                 type: string
                 enum:
@@ -36708,6 +36796,10 @@ components:
                 anyOf:
                   - type: string
                   - type: "null"
+              label:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
             required:
               - key
               - labelKey
@@ -36744,6 +36836,10 @@ components:
                 anyOf:
                   - type: string
                   - type: "null"
+              label:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
             required:
               - id
               - key
@@ -36801,6 +36897,10 @@ components:
                 anyOf:
                   - type: string
                   - type: "null"
+              label:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
               scaleMin:
                 default: 1
                 type: integer
@@ -38388,6 +38488,10 @@ components:
                   - type: string
                     minLength: 1
                   - type: "null"
+              note:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
               createdAt:
                 type: string
                 minLength: 1
@@ -38455,6 +38559,18 @@ components:
                   - type: string
                     minLength: 1
                   - type: "null"
+              reason:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
+              outcome:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
+              bodySite:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
               laterality:
                 anyOf:
                   - type: string
@@ -38611,6 +38727,10 @@ components:
                   - type: string
                     minLength: 1
                   - type: "null"
+              note:
+                anyOf:
+                  - type: string
+                  - type: "null"
               createdAt:
                 type: string
                 minLength: 1
@@ -48543,6 +48663,27 @@ components:
             - type: "null"
           description: v1.22 (#89) — per-user response timeout for AI generation, in seconds (10–600). Null = the built-in
             comprehensive-briefing default (~120 s). Mainly for slow local/self-hosted backends.
+        localReasoningEffort:
+          anyOf:
+            - type: string
+              enum:
+                - none
+                - low
+                - medium
+                - high
+            - type: "null"
+          description: "#1126 — reasoning setting of the Local provider entry, sent as `reasoning_effort` (`none` = Off). Null =
+            Default: the key is not sent."
+        compatReasoningEffort:
+          anyOf:
+            - type: string
+              enum:
+                - none
+                - low
+                - medium
+                - high
+            - type: "null"
+          description: "#1126 — the same for the OpenAI-compatible gateway entry."
         serverProviderHealth:
           type: string
           enum:
@@ -48587,6 +48728,8 @@ components:
         - compatModel
         - hasCompatKey
         - responseTimeoutSeconds
+        - localReasoningEffort
+        - compatReasoningEffort
         - serverProviderHealth
         - serverProviderOffer
         - serverProviderConsent
diff --git a/docs/integrations/home-assistant.md b/docs/integrations/home-assistant.md
index c521a8c74..71d679ccc 100644
--- a/docs/integrations/home-assistant.md
+++ b/docs/integrations/home-assistant.md
@@ -171,8 +171,9 @@ tells you which rows to retry.
 ## Retries and duplicates
 
 Send an `Idempotency-Key` header with a value your automation can reproduce for
-the same reading. A retry with the same key returns the original response
-instead of writing a second row:
+the same reading. A retry with the same key and the same body returns the
+original response instead of writing a second row. A different body under the
+same key is a different reading and is written:
 
 ```yaml
 headers:
diff --git a/docs/ops/blood-pressure-missing-diastolic.md b/docs/ops/blood-pressure-missing-diastolic.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1509a6ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/ops/blood-pressure-missing-diastolic.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Blood pressure readings missing their diastolic half
+
+## What happened
+
+The iPhone app (every App Store build up to 1.0.3 and TestFlight 1.1.0)
+saves a manually entered blood pressure as two requests to
+`POST /api/measurements`: one `BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS`, one
+`BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA`, both carrying the same `Idempotency-Key`. Until the
+replay cache learned to compare request bodies, the server treated the second
+request as a retry of the first. It answered with the first request's cached
+`201` (header `X-Idempotent-Replay: true`) and never wrote the diastolic
+value. The app showed success, so nobody noticed.
+
+The fix makes the cache replay only a request with the same body. A different
+body under the same key now runs normally. Nothing recovers the values that
+were never sent to the database: they exist only on the person's phone, if at
+all.
+
+## Finding the affected readings
+
+Read-only. Run it against the HealthLog database (with the bundled compose
+file: `docker compose exec db psql -U healthlog healthlog`). It lists every live systolic reading that has no
+live diastolic reading for the same account at the same instant.
+
+<!-- bp-missing-diastolic:start -->
+
+```sql
+SELECT u.username,
+       m.id,
+       m.measured_at,
+       m.value AS systolic,
+       m.source
+FROM measurements m
+JOIN users u ON u.id = m.user_id
+WHERE m.type = 'BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS'
+  AND m.deleted_at IS NULL
+  AND NOT EXISTS (
+    SELECT 1
+    FROM measurements d
+    WHERE d.user_id = m.user_id
+      AND d.measured_at = m.measured_at
+      AND d.type = 'BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA'
+      AND d.deleted_at IS NULL
+  )
+ORDER BY u.username, m.measured_at;
+```
+
+<!-- bp-missing-diastolic:end -->
+
+Readings from the phone app carry `source = 'MANUAL'`. Rows from a synced
+source (Withings, Apple Health) that show up here are a different gap, not
+this one: those sources write both halves themselves.
+
+## What to tell users
+
+There is nothing the server can repair: the diastolic value never reached
+it. A person whose reading appears in the list can re-enter it: delete the
+incomplete reading, then add the blood pressure again with both values and
+the original date and time. From this release on, both halves are saved on
+the first try, from any app version.
diff --git a/e2e/ai-provider-dropdown.spec.ts b/e2e/ai-provider-dropdown.spec.ts
index ea2c00bb2..adacbdd2c 100644
--- a/e2e/ai-provider-dropdown.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/ai-provider-dropdown.spec.ts
@@ -339,4 +339,116 @@ test.describe("Settings → AI provider dropdown UX (B2)", () => {
         .locator('button[type="submit"]'),
     ).toBeEnabled();
   });
+
+  // #1126 — the Reasoning select on the Local and OpenAI-compatible forms
+  // saves with the form, and at phone width it sits in the same column as
+  // the model field without pushing the page sideways.
+  test("reasoning setting saves from the Local and gateway forms at 390 px", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.setViewportSize({ width: 390, height: 844 });
+    const patchBodies: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+    let providerState: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      provider: "LOCAL",
+      model: null,
+      baseUrl: "http://localhost:11434/v1",
+      responseTimeoutSeconds: null,
+      hasAnthropicKey: false,
+      anthropicKeyPreview: null,
+      hasLocalKey: false,
+      hasOpenaiKey: false,
+      openaiKeyPreview: null,
+      compatBaseUrl: "https://gateway.example.org/v1",
+      compatModel: "qwen3",
+      hasCompatKey: false,
+      localReasoningEffort: null,
+      compatReasoningEffort: null,
+    };
+    await page.route("**/api/insights/settings", (route) =>
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: "application/json",
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          data: {
+            codexStatus: "disconnected",
+            codexConnectedAt: null,
+            hasAdminKey: false,
+            codexOauthConfigured: true,
+            privacyMode: "aggregated",
+            lastInsightAt: null,
+          },
+          error: null,
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+    await page.route("**/api/user/ai-provider", async (route) => {
+      if (route.request().method() === "PATCH") {
+        const body = route.request().postDataJSON() as Record<string, unknown>;
+        patchBodies.push(body);
+        providerState = { ...providerState, ...body };
+      }
+      await route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: "application/json",
+        body: JSON.stringify({ data: providerState, error: null }),
+      });
+    });
+    await page.route("**/api/insights/provider-chain", (route) =>
+      route.fulfill({
+        status: 200,
+        contentType: "application/json",
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          data: {
+            activeProvider: "local",
+            cachedActiveProvider: null,
+            configuredChain: [
+              { providerType: "local", enabled: true, available: true },
+            ],
+          },
+          error: null,
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+
+    const providerHydrated = page.waitForResponse("**/api/user/ai-provider");
+    await page.goto("/settings/ai?provider=local", {
+      waitUntil: "domcontentloaded",
+    });
+    await providerHydrated;
+
+    const localForm = page.getByTestId("ai-provider-config-local");
+    const localReasoning = page.locator("#ai-local-reasoning");
+    await expect(localReasoning).toHaveValue("");
+    // Same column, same width as the model select above it.
+    const [modelBox, reasoningBox] = await Promise.all([
+      page.locator("#ai-local-model").boundingBox(),
+      localReasoning.boundingBox(),
+    ]);
+    expect(reasoningBox?.x).toBe(modelBox?.x);
+    expect(reasoningBox?.width).toBe(modelBox?.width);
+    expect(
+      await page.evaluate(
+        () =>
+          document.documentElement.scrollWidth <=
+          document.documentElement.clientWidth,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    await localReasoning.selectOption("none");
+    await localForm.locator('button[type="submit"]').click();
+    await expect.poll(() => patchBodies.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(patchBodies[0].localReasoningEffort).toBe("none");
+
+    await page
+      .getByTestId("ai-active-provider-select")
+      .selectOption("openai-compatible");
+    const compatForm = page.getByTestId("ai-provider-config-openai-compatible");
+    const compatReasoning = page.locator("#ai-compat-reasoning");
+    await expect(compatReasoning).toHaveValue("");
+    await compatReasoning.selectOption("high");
+    await compatForm.locator('button[type="submit"]').click();
+    await expect.poll(() => patchBodies.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(patchBodies[1].compatReasoningEffort).toBe("high");
+    expect(patchBodies[1]).not.toHaveProperty("localReasoningEffort");
+  });
 });
diff --git a/messages/de.json b/messages/de.json
index 251f58dd9..bdc16bfd4 100644
--- a/messages/de.json
+++ b/messages/de.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Coach-Pläne",
         "description": "Die Pläne, die du mit dem Coach vereinbart hast, zum Lesen oder Entfernen.",
         "open": "Pläne öffnen"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Nachdenken",
+        "hint": "Reasoning-Modelle wie Gemma oder Qwen denken nach, bevor sie antworten. Schaltest du es aus, bleibt das ganze Antwortbudget für die Antwort selbst.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Standard",
+          "none": "Aus",
+          "low": "Niedrig",
+          "medium": "Mittel",
+          "high": "Hoch"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Die Sicherung braucht den Verschlüsselungsschlüssel {keys}, mit dem dieser Server sie nicht öffnen kann. Nimm den Schlüssel wieder in ENCRYPTION_KEYS auf, starte neu und starte die Wiederherstellung erneut.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Die Datei verweist auf Einträge, die zu einem anderen Konto gehören. Es wurde nichts geschrieben.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Diese Sicherung lässt sich auf diesem Server nicht wiederherstellen: Sie braucht den Verschlüsselungsschlüssel {keys}. Nimm den Schlüssel zuerst wieder in ENCRYPTION_KEYS auf und starte neu.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom-Eintrag mit Verknüpfung zu einer Erkrankung, die die Datei nicht enthält (ohne Verknüpfung behalten)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom-Eintrag mit Verknüpfung zu einer Erkrankung, die die Datei nicht enthält (ohne Verknüpfung behalten)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Zyklus-Notiz oder -Bezeichnung mit einem Schlüssel verschlüsselt, den dieser Server nicht hat (Tag oder Symptom ohne sie behalten)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Name eines Stimmungs-Tags oder einer Gruppe mit einem Schlüssel verschlüsselt, den dieser Server nicht hat (ohne Namen behalten)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Text zu Arztbesuch oder Praxis mit einem Schlüssel verschlüsselt, den dieser Server nicht hat (ohne ihn behalten)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Impf-Notiz mit einem Schlüssel verschlüsselt, den dieser Server nicht hat (Impfung ohne sie behalten)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Gefahrenzone",
diff --git a/messages/en.json b/messages/en.json
index 3196dad45..979ec1a04 100644
--- a/messages/en.json
+++ b/messages/en.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Coach plans",
         "description": "The plans you agreed with the Coach, to read or remove.",
         "open": "Open plans"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Reasoning",
+        "hint": "Reasoning models such as Gemma or Qwen think before they answer. Off leaves the whole answer budget for the answer itself.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Default",
+          "none": "Off",
+          "low": "Low",
+          "medium": "Medium",
+          "high": "High"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "The backup needs encryption key {keys}, which this server cannot open it with. Add the key back to ENCRYPTION_KEYS, restart, and start the restore again.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "The file points at records that belong to another account. Nothing was written.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "This backup cannot be restored on this server: it needs encryption key {keys}. Add the key back to ENCRYPTION_KEYS and restart first.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom entry linked to an illness the file does not contain (kept without the link)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom entry linked to an illness the file does not contain (kept without the link)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Cycle note or label sealed with a key this server does not hold (day or symptom kept without it)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Mood tag or group name sealed with a key this server does not hold (kept without its name)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Visit or practitioner text sealed with a key this server does not hold (kept without it)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Vaccination note sealed with a key this server does not hold (dose kept without it)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Danger Zone",
diff --git a/messages/es.json b/messages/es.json
index 2d6d6414c..50198919b 100644
--- a/messages/es.json
+++ b/messages/es.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Planes del Coach",
         "description": "Los planes que acordaste con el Coach, para leerlos o eliminarlos.",
         "open": "Abrir planes"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Razonamiento",
+        "hint": "Los modelos de razonamiento como Gemma o Qwen piensan antes de responder. Si lo desactivas, todo el presupuesto de respuesta se queda para la respuesta.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Predeterminado",
+          "none": "Desactivado",
+          "low": "Bajo",
+          "medium": "Medio",
+          "high": "Alto"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "La copia necesita la clave de cifrado {keys}, con la que este servidor no puede abrirla. Vuelve a añadir la clave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS, reinicia e inicia de nuevo la restauración.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "El archivo apunta a registros que pertenecen a otra cuenta. No se escribió nada.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Esta copia no se puede restaurar en este servidor: necesita la clave de cifrado {keys}. Vuelve a añadir la clave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS y reinicia primero.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrada de síntoma vinculada a una enfermedad que el archivo no contiene (se conserva sin el vínculo)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrada de síntoma vinculada a una enfermedad que el archivo no contiene (se conserva sin el vínculo)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Nota o etiqueta del ciclo cifrada con una clave que este servidor no tiene (el día o el síntoma se conserva sin ella)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Nombre de etiqueta o grupo de ánimo cifrado con una clave que este servidor no tiene (se conserva sin el nombre)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Texto de visita o profesional cifrado con una clave que este servidor no tiene (se conserva sin él)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Nota de vacunación cifrada con una clave que este servidor no tiene (la dosis se conserva sin ella)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Zona de peligro",
diff --git a/messages/fr.json b/messages/fr.json
index 8e1bb35f1..19cd12f96 100644
--- a/messages/fr.json
+++ b/messages/fr.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Plans du Coach",
         "description": "Les plans convenus avec le Coach, à lire ou à supprimer.",
         "open": "Ouvrir les plans"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Raisonnement",
+        "hint": "Les modèles de raisonnement comme Gemma ou Qwen réfléchissent avant de répondre. Désactivé, tout le budget de réponse sert à la réponse elle-même.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Par défaut",
+          "none": "Désactivé",
+          "low": "Faible",
+          "medium": "Moyen",
+          "high": "Élevé"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "La sauvegarde a besoin de la clé de chiffrement {keys}, avec laquelle ce serveur ne peut pas l'ouvrir. Remettez la clé dans ENCRYPTION_KEYS, redémarrez, puis relancez la restauration.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Le fichier renvoie à des éléments qui appartiennent à un autre compte. Rien n'a été écrit.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Cette sauvegarde ne peut pas être restaurée sur ce serveur : elle a besoin de la clé de chiffrement {keys}. Remettez d'abord la clé dans ENCRYPTION_KEYS et redémarrez.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrée de symptôme liée à une maladie absente du fichier (conservée sans le lien)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrée de symptôme liée à une maladie absente du fichier (conservée sans le lien)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Note ou libellé du cycle chiffré avec une clé que ce serveur ne possède pas (jour ou symptôme conservé sans)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Nom d’étiquette ou de groupe d’humeur chiffré avec une clé que ce serveur ne possède pas (conservé sans son nom)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Texte de consultation ou de praticien chiffré avec une clé que ce serveur ne possède pas (conservé sans)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Note de vaccination chiffrée avec une clé que ce serveur ne possède pas (dose conservée sans)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Zone de danger",
diff --git a/messages/it.json b/messages/it.json
index bc6b6ab1a..9c77b4ab9 100644
--- a/messages/it.json
+++ b/messages/it.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Piani del Coach",
         "description": "I piani concordati con il Coach, da leggere o rimuovere.",
         "open": "Apri i piani"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Ragionamento",
+        "hint": "I modelli di ragionamento come Gemma o Qwen pensano prima di rispondere. Se lo disattivi, tutto il budget della risposta resta per la risposta stessa.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Predefinito",
+          "none": "Disattivato",
+          "low": "Basso",
+          "medium": "Medio",
+          "high": "Alto"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Il backup richiede la chiave di cifratura {keys}, con cui questo server non riesce ad aprirlo. Aggiungi di nuovo la chiave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS, riavvia e avvia di nuovo il ripristino.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Il file rimanda a voci che appartengono a un altro account. Non è stato scritto nulla.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Questo backup non può essere ripristinato su questo server: richiede la chiave di cifratura {keys}. Aggiungi prima di nuovo la chiave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS e riavvia.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Voce di sintomo collegata a una malattia assente dal file (mantenuta senza collegamento)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Voce di sintomo collegata a una malattia assente dal file (mantenuta senza collegamento)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Nota o etichetta del ciclo cifrata con una chiave che questo server non possiede (giorno o sintomo mantenuto senza)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Nome di tag o gruppo dell’umore cifrato con una chiave che questo server non possiede (mantenuto senza nome)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Testo di visita o professionista cifrato con una chiave che questo server non possiede (mantenuto senza)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Nota di vaccinazione cifrata con una chiave che questo server non possiede (dose mantenuta senza)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Zona pericolosa",
diff --git a/messages/ko.json b/messages/ko.json
index b416ab808..2c0721ccb 100644
--- a/messages/ko.json
+++ b/messages/ko.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "코치 계획",
         "description": "코치와 합의한 계획을 읽거나 삭제할 수 있습니다.",
         "open": "계획 열기"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "추론",
+        "hint": "Gemma나 Qwen 같은 추론 모델은 답하기 전에 먼저 생각합니다. 끄면 답변 예산을 모두 답변 자체에 씁니다.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "기본값",
+          "none": "끄기",
+          "low": "낮음",
+          "medium": "보통",
+          "high": "높음"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7535,7 +7546,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "이 백업에는 암호화 키 {keys}가 필요하지만 이 서버는 그 키로 백업을 열 수 없습니다. 키를 ENCRYPTION_KEYS에 다시 추가하고 재시작한 뒤 복원을 다시 시작하세요.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "파일이 다른 계정에 속한 기록을 가리키고 있습니다. 아무것도 기록되지 않았습니다.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "이 서버에서는 이 백업을 복원할 수 없습니다. 암호화 키 {keys}가 필요합니다. 먼저 키를 ENCRYPTION_KEYS에 다시 추가하고 재시작하세요.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "파일에 없는 질병과 연결된 증상 기록(연결 없이 유지됨)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "파일에 없는 질병과 연결된 증상 기록(연결 없이 유지됨)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "이 서버에 없는 키로 암호화된 주기 메모 또는 이름(해당 날짜나 증상은 그 내용 없이 유지됨)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "이 서버에 없는 키로 암호화된 기분 태그 또는 그룹 이름(이름 없이 유지됨)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "이 서버에 없는 키로 암호화된 진료 또는 의료진 텍스트(해당 내용 없이 유지됨)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "이 서버에 없는 키로 암호화된 예방접종 메모(접종 기록은 메모 없이 유지됨)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "위험 구역",
diff --git a/messages/pl.json b/messages/pl.json
index b907285fe..c8091d1c0 100644
--- a/messages/pl.json
+++ b/messages/pl.json
@@ -6081,6 +6081,17 @@
         "title": "Plany z Coachem",
         "description": "Plany uzgodnione z Coachem, do przeczytania lub usunięcia.",
         "open": "Otwórz plany"
+      },
+      "reasoning": {
+        "label": "Rozumowanie",
+        "hint": "Modele rozumujące, takie jak Gemma czy Qwen, myślą przed odpowiedzią. Po wyłączeniu cały budżet odpowiedzi idzie na samą odpowiedź.",
+        "options": {
+          "default": "Domyślnie",
+          "none": "Wyłączone",
+          "low": "Niskie",
+          "medium": "Średnie",
+          "high": "Wysokie"
+        }
       }
     },
     "dashboard": {
@@ -7556,7 +7567,11 @@
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Kopia wymaga klucza szyfrowania {keys}, którym ten serwer nie może jej otworzyć. Dodaj klucz z powrotem do ENCRYPTION_KEYS, uruchom ponownie i rozpocznij przywracanie jeszcze raz.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Plik wskazuje na wpisy należące do innego konta. Nic nie zostało zapisane.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Tej kopii nie da się przywrócić na tym serwerze: wymaga klucza szyfrowania {keys}. Najpierw dodaj klucz z powrotem do ENCRYPTION_KEYS i uruchom ponownie.",
-        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Wpis objawu powiązany z chorobą, której nie ma w pliku (zachowany bez powiązania)"
+        "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Wpis objawu powiązany z chorobą, której nie ma w pliku (zachowany bez powiązania)",
+        "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Notatka lub etykieta cyklu zaszyfrowana kluczem, którego ten serwer nie ma (dzień lub objaw zachowany bez niej)",
+        "restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext": "Nazwa tagu lub grupy nastroju zaszyfrowana kluczem, którego ten serwer nie ma (zachowana bez nazwy)",
+        "restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext": "Tekst wizyty lub lekarza zaszyfrowany kluczem, którego ten serwer nie ma (zachowany bez niego)",
+        "restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext": "Notatka szczepienia zaszyfrowana kluczem, którego ten serwer nie ma (dawka zachowana bez niej)"
       },
       "danger-zone": {
         "title": "Strefa zagrożenia",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8f2a1b5f0..74f0243db 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "healthlog",
-  "version": "1.39.9",
+  "version": "1.40.0",
   "description": "Self-hosted personal-health-tracking PWA with Withings integration, AI insights, and doctor-report PDF export.",
   "license": "PolyForm-Noncommercial-1.0.0",
   "homepage": "https://healthlog.dev",
diff --git a/prisma/migrations/0371_idempotency_request_fingerprint/migration.sql b/prisma/migrations/0371_idempotency_request_fingerprint/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcb360852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prisma/migrations/0371_idempotency_request_fingerprint/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- What request a replay-cache cell answered, as a SHA-256 of the canonical
+-- request body scoped by method and path. A request that reuses a key with a
+-- different body is executed instead of being handed the first body's cached
+-- response. The body itself is never stored. Nullable: rows written before
+-- this release carry none, and a null never matches, so they stop replaying
+-- for anything but their own retries already in flight (they expire within
+-- 24 hours either way).
+ALTER TABLE "idempotency_keys" ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS "request_fingerprint" TEXT;
diff --git a/prisma/schema.prisma b/prisma/schema.prisma
index 6a05a5659..9250aef3f 100644
--- a/prisma/schema.prisma
+++ b/prisma/schema.prisma
@@ -5545,15 +5545,19 @@ model ProviderHealth {
 /// (userId, key, method, path) so retries within the TTL replay the
 /// original outcome instead of producing a duplicate side-effect.
 model IdempotencyKey {
-  id             String   @id @default(cuid())
-  userId         String   @map("user_id")
-  key            String
-  method         String
-  path           String
-  responseStatus Int      @map("response_status")
-  responseBody   String   @map("response_body") // serialized JSON envelope
-  expiresAt      DateTime @map("expires_at")
-  createdAt      DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  id                 String   @id @default(cuid())
+  userId             String   @map("user_id")
+  key                String
+  method             String
+  path               String
+  responseStatus     Int      @map("response_status")
+  responseBody       String   @map("response_body") // serialized JSON envelope
+  /// SHA-256 of the canonical request body, scoped by method and path. A
+  /// lookup replays only when it matches; a different body under the same key
+  /// runs normally. Null on rows written before it existed, which never match.
+  requestFingerprint String?  @map("request_fingerprint")
+  expiresAt          DateTime @map("expires_at")
+  createdAt          DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
 
   user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
 
diff --git a/public/sw.js b/public/sw.js
index 12e07572b..32351a83e 100644
--- a/public/sw.js
+++ b/public/sw.js
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ try {
 // v1.4.38.4 → v1.4.42. Do not hand-edit; bump `package.json` and rebuild.
 const CACHE_VERSION =
   (typeof self !== "undefined" && self.__APP_VERSION__) ||
-  /* @sw-version-fallback */ "v1.39.9";
+  /* @sw-version-fallback */ "v1.40.0";
 const STATIC_CACHE = `healthlog-static-${CACHE_VERSION}`;
 const PAGE_CACHE = `healthlog-pages-${CACHE_VERSION}`;
 // v1.18.6 — read-only data cache for a curated allowlist of safe GET `/api/*`
diff --git a/src/__tests__/ai-reasoning-effort-guard.test.ts b/src/__tests__/ai-reasoning-effort-guard.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e555ab141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/__tests__/ai-reasoning-effort-guard.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+ * Structural guard (#1126): `reasoning_effort` reaches a model only through
+ * the setting the resolver bound to the provider instance.
+ *
+ * Default must send nothing, so the key may not appear on any wire except as
+ * the bound value, and only the two clients whose endpoint a person chose may
+ * carry it. Pinned here:
+ *
+ *   1. the key appears in exactly the Local client and the OpenAI client,
+ *      once each, and only as `reasoning_effort: this.reasoningEffort`;
+ *   2. nothing but the binder assigns `.reasoningEffort`;
+ *   3. every exported resolver in `provider.ts` calls `bindReasoningEffort`.
+ *
+ * That clients are constructed only in `provider.ts` (so a resolver always
+ * binds them) is frozen by `ai-call-timeout-guard.test.ts`.
+ *
+ * Its limit: it reads source text. A body built under a computed key, or a
+ * resolver that binds through an alias, would slip it.
+ * `reasoning-effort.test.ts` and `provider-reasoning-effort.test.ts` prove
+ * the behaviour on the wire.
+ *
+ * Mutation check: hard-code `reasoning_effort: "none"` into either client,
+ * set `client.reasoningEffort = ...` in a route, or drop `bindReasoningEffort`
+ * from `resolveProviderForTest`: each one goes red here.
+ */
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { walkSourceFiles } from "./helpers/source-files";
+
+const SRC = join(process.cwd(), "src");
+
+function stripComments(source: string): string {
+  return source
+    .replace(/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, "")
+    .replace(/(^|[^:])\/\/.*$/gm, "$1");
+}
+
+function code(rel: string): string {
+  return stripComments(readFileSync(join(SRC, rel), "utf8"));
+}
+
+const files = walkSourceFiles(SRC, { floor: 3000 })
+  .filter((p) => !p.startsWith("generated/"))
+  .filter((p) => !p.includes("__tests__"))
+  .filter((p) => !p.endsWith(".test.ts") && !p.endsWith(".test.tsx"));
+
+describe("reasoning_effort on the wire", () => {
+  // As an object key: the published descriptions name the field in prose.
+  const KEY = /\breasoning_effort["']?\s*:/g;
+  const sites = files.filter((rel) => new RegExp(KEY).test(code(rel)));
+
+  it("appears in the Local and the OpenAI client only", () => {
+    expect(sites.sort()).toEqual([
+      "lib/ai/local-client.ts",
+      "lib/ai/openai-client.ts",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["lib/ai/local-client.ts", "lib/ai/openai-client.ts"])(
+    "%s sends it once, as the bound value",
+    (rel) => {
+      const source = code(rel);
+      expect(source.match(new RegExp(KEY))?.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(source).toMatch(
+        /\breasoning_effort\s*:\s*this\s*\.\s*reasoningEffort\b/,
+      );
+    },
+  );
+});
+
+/** Where `.reasoningEffort` may be assigned, and why. */
+const ASSIGNMENT_SITES: Record<string, string> = {
+  "lib/ai/reasoning-effort.ts":
+    "The binder, the one place a provider instance gets its value.",
+  "lib/ai/provider-chain.ts":
+    "Writes the stored chain entry, not a provider instance.",
+};
+
+describe("only the binder assigns it to a provider", () => {
+  it("names every assignment site, with a reason", () => {
+    const sites = files.filter((rel) =>
+      /\.\s*reasoningEffort\s*=(?!=)/.test(code(rel)),
+    );
+    expect(sites.sort()).toEqual(Object.keys(ASSIGNMENT_SITES).sort());
+  });
+});
+
+describe("every exported resolver binds it", () => {
+  const source = code("lib/ai/provider.ts");
+  const resolvers = source
+    .split(/\nexport\s+/)
+    .map((chunk) => {
+      const m = /^async\s+function\s+(\w+)\s*\(/.exec(chunk);
+      if (!m) return null;
+      const header = chunk.slice(0, chunk.indexOf("{\n"));
+      if (
+        !/Promise<\s*(?:AIProvider|ProviderChainResolved\[\])\s*>/.test(header)
+      ) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      const end = chunk.indexOf("\n}\n");
+      return { name: m[1], body: chunk.slice(header.length, end) };
+    })
+    .filter((r): r is { name: string; body: string } => r !== null);
+
+  it("finds the resolvers (an empty set is a failure, not a pass)", () => {
+    expect(resolvers.map((r) => r.name).sort()).toEqual([
+      "resolveProvider",
+      "resolveProviderChain",
+      "resolveProviderForTest",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it.each(resolvers.map((r) => r.name))(
+    "%s calls bindReasoningEffort",
+    (name) => {
+      const resolver = resolvers.find((r) => r.name === name);
+      expect(resolver?.body ?? "").toMatch(/\bbindReasoningEffort\s*\(/);
+    },
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/__tests__/canvas-binary-hoist-guard.test.ts b/src/__tests__/canvas-binary-hoist-guard.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d230fab26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/__tests__/canvas-binary-hoist-guard.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Structural guard: the runtime image puts the @napi-rs/canvas native binary
+ * of the version the app pins next to that version's loader.
+ *
+ * ## The failure this freezes (GitHub #1124)
+ *
+ * The pnpm store holds two canvas versions: the one in package.json and an
+ * older one that pdf-parse's own pdfjs-dist pulls in. The runner stage picked
+ * the musl binary with `find | head -1`, got the old one, and copied it into
+ * the new loader's directory, where the loader looks first. PDF rendering
+ * still worked, so nothing looked wrong; `loadImage` called an
+ * `Image.decode` the old binary lacks, and every preview thumbnail failed
+ * with "image.decode is not a function" on both architectures.
+ *
+ * ## What it proves and what it does not
+ *
+ * The builder records the resolved canvas version, the runner hoists by that
+ * name, and the build stops when the copied binary's package is a different
+ * version. Whether the binary loads is proved when the image runs; this file
+ * reads the Dockerfile only.
+ */
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+const DOCKERFILE = readFileSync(join(process.cwd(), "Dockerfile"), "utf8");
+
+function stage(name: string): string {
+  const start = DOCKERFILE.search(new RegExp(`^FROM .* AS ${name}$`, "m"));
+  expect(start, `the Dockerfile has a ${name} stage`).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  const next = DOCKERFILE.slice(start + 1).search(/^FROM /m);
+  return next < 0
+    ? DOCKERFILE.slice(start)
+    : DOCKERFILE.slice(start, start + 1 + next);
+}
+
+describe("canvas binary hoist", () => {
+  it("records the resolved canvas version in the builder", () => {
+    expect(stage("builder")).toMatch(
+      /require\('\/app\/node_modules\/@napi-rs\/canvas\/package\.json'\)\.version"[\s\\]*>\s*\/app\/\.canvas-version/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("hoists the loader and the musl binary of that version only", () => {
+    const runner = stage("runner");
+    expect(runner).toContain(
+      "COPY --from=builder /app/.canvas-version /tmp/.canvas-version",
+    );
+    expect(runner).toContain(
+      'CANVAS_DIR="/app/node_modules/.pnpm/@napi-rs+canvas@${CANVAS_VERSION}/',
+    );
+    expect(runner).toContain("canvas-linux-*-musl@${CANVAS_VERSION}/");
+    // A version-blind pick is the defect: any `canvas…@*` glob decides by
+    // readdir order which of the store's copies wins.
+    expect(runner).not.toMatch(/@napi-rs\+canvas[^"'\s]*@\*/);
+  });
+
+  it("fails the build when the copied binary is another version", () => {
+    const runner = stage("runner");
+    expect(runner).toMatch(
+      /\[ "\$BIN_VERSION" = "\$CANVAS_VERSION" \] \|\| \{[^}]*exit 1; \}/,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/app/api/anamnesis/facts/__tests__/idempotency-conflict.test.ts b/src/app/api/anamnesis/facts/__tests__/idempotency-conflict.test.ts
index adb31bbdc..dc93fd8e2 100644
--- a/src/app/api/anamnesis/facts/__tests__/idempotency-conflict.test.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/anamnesis/facts/__tests__/idempotency-conflict.test.ts
@@ -58,10 +58,13 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/profile/health-facts", () => ({
 
 import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
 import { POST } from "../route";
+import { requestFingerprint } from "@/lib/idempotency";
 
 /** The pending sentinel `findCached` recognises as "another call is running". */
 const PENDING_STATUS = 0;
 
+const BODY = JSON.stringify({ kind: "SMOKING_STATUS", value: "FORMER" });
+
 function request(): NextRequest {
   return new NextRequest("http://localhost/api/anamnesis/facts", {
     method: "POST",
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ function request(): NextRequest {
       "content-type": "application/json",
       "idempotency-key": "key-in-flight",
     },
-    body: JSON.stringify({ kind: "SMOKING_STATUS", value: "FORMER" }),
+    body: BODY,
   });
 }
 
@@ -99,6 +102,12 @@ describe("idempotency 409 envelope, over the real route", () => {
   it("serves `error` as a string when a request is already in flight", async () => {
     mocks.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
       id: "idem-1",
+      // The same request in flight: a different body would run instead.
+      requestFingerprint: requestFingerprint(
+        "POST",
+        "/api/anamnesis/facts",
+        new TextEncoder().encode(BODY),
+      ),
       responseStatus: PENDING_STATUS,
       responseBody: "",
       expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000),
diff --git a/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/__tests__/put.test.ts b/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/__tests__/put.test.ts
index 510fa5fe7..3413fc0a2 100644
--- a/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/__tests__/put.test.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/__tests__/put.test.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
   prisma: {
     user: {
       update: vi.fn(),
+      // #1126 — the stored chain, read for the reasoning settings it carries.
+      findUnique: vi.fn(async () => null),
     },
   },
 }));
@@ -172,4 +174,93 @@ describe("PUT /api/insights/provider-chain", () => {
       { providerType: "codex", priority: 2, enabled: true },
     ]);
   });
+
+  // #1126 — the reasoning setting rides on the local / openai-compatible
+  // entries. The chain editor only reorders and toggles, so saving the order
+  // must not wipe a value it never sent.
+  describe("reasoning setting", () => {
+    function storedChain(chain: unknown) {
+      vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        aiProviderChain: chain,
+      } as never);
+    }
+    async function put(chain: unknown[]) {
+      vi.mocked(prisma.user.update).mockResolvedValueOnce({} as never);
+      return (PUT as (req: Request) => Promise<Response>)(
+        jsonRequest({ chain }),
+      );
+    }
+    function persisted() {
+      return vi.mocked(prisma.user.update).mock.calls[0][0].data
+        .aiProviderChain;
+    }
+
+    it("persists a value sent on a local entry", async () => {
+      storedChain(null);
+      const res = await put([
+        { providerType: "local", enabled: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+        { providerType: "openai", enabled: true },
+      ]);
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(persisted()).toEqual([
+        {
+          providerType: "local",
+          priority: 1,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort: "none",
+        },
+        { providerType: "openai", priority: 2, enabled: true },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("keeps the stored value when the body leaves it out", async () => {
+      storedChain([
+        { providerType: "openai", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+        {
+          providerType: "openai-compatible",
+          priority: 2,
+          enabled: false,
+          reasoningEffort: "high",
+        },
+      ]);
+      await put([
+        { providerType: "openai-compatible", enabled: true },
+        { providerType: "openai", enabled: true },
+      ]);
+      expect(persisted()).toEqual([
+        {
+          providerType: "openai-compatible",
+          priority: 1,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort: "high",
+        },
+        { providerType: "openai", priority: 2, enabled: true },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("clears it on null", async () => {
+      storedChain([
+        {
+          providerType: "local",
+          priority: 1,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort: "low",
+        },
+      ]);
+      await put([
+        { providerType: "local", enabled: true, reasoningEffort: null },
+      ]);
+      expect(persisted()).toEqual([
+        { providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("refuses it on an entry that cannot carry it", async () => {
+      const res = await put([
+        { providerType: "anthropic", enabled: true, reasoningEffort: "none" },
+      ]);
+      expect(res.status).toBe(422);
+      expect(prisma.user.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/route.ts b/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/route.ts
index 8ea535990..477cb8159 100644
--- a/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/insights/provider-chain/route.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import type { NextRequest } from "next/server";
-import { z } from "zod/v4";
-
 import { apiHandler, HttpError, requireAuth } from "@/lib/api-handler";
 import {
   apiSuccess,
@@ -15,10 +13,9 @@ import {
   getLastWorkingProvider,
 } from "@/lib/ai/provider-runner";
 import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
-import {
-  parseProviderChain,
-  PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES,
-} from "@/lib/ai/provider-chain";
+import { parseProviderChain } from "@/lib/ai/provider-chain";
+import { isReasoningProviderType } from "@/lib/ai/reasoning-effort";
+import { providerChainPutSchema } from "@/lib/validations/ai-provider";
 
 /**
  * v1.4.16 phase B5b — read-only chain summary for the Settings → AI
@@ -85,29 +82,6 @@ export const GET = apiHandler(async () => {
   });
 });
 
-const chainEntrySchema = z
-  .object({
-    providerType: z.enum(
-      PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES as unknown as [string, ...string[]],
-    ),
-    // Priority is recomputed server-side from insertion order so a stale
-    // client cannot persist a chain whose displayed order disagrees with
-    // its priority field. The number is accepted (and may be present) but
-    // ignored on the wire.
-    priority: z.number().int().optional(),
-    enabled: z.boolean(),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
-const chainBodySchema = z
-  .object({
-    chain: z
-      .array(chainEntrySchema)
-      .min(1, "Chain must contain at least one provider")
-      .max(PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES.length, "Too many providers"),
-  })
-  .strict();
-
 export const PUT = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   const { user } = await requireAuth();
   annotate({ action: { name: "insights.provider_chain.update" } });
@@ -117,7 +91,7 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   });
   if (error) return error;
 
-  const parsed = chainBodySchema.safeParse(body);
+  const parsed = providerChainPutSchema.safeParse(body);
   if (!parsed.success) {
     return apiValidationError(
       "Invalid provider chain payload",
@@ -142,11 +116,35 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   // Normalise priority to insertion order (1-based). UI hands us the
   // visual order it wants persisted; we make priority match so a later
   // GET reflects the same order without depending on the client's math.
-  const normalised = parsed.data.chain.map((entry, idx) => ({
-    providerType: entry.providerType,
-    priority: idx + 1,
-    enabled: entry.enabled,
-  }));
+  //
+  // #1126 — a reasoning setting the body leaves out is carried over from the
+  // stored entry of the same type, so the chain editor (which only reorders
+  // and toggles) and an older client cannot wipe it by saving the order.
+  // `null` clears it; the schema has already refused it on any type other
+  // than `local` / `openai-compatible`.
+  const stored = await prisma.user.findUnique({
+    where: { id: user.id },
+    select: { aiProviderChain: true },
+  });
+  const storedEffort = new Map(
+    parseProviderChain(stored?.aiProviderChain ?? null).map((e) => [
+      e.providerType,
+      e.reasoningEffort ?? null,
+    ]),
+  );
+  const normalised = parsed.data.chain.map((entry, idx) => {
+    const reasoningEffort = isReasoningProviderType(entry.providerType)
+      ? entry.reasoningEffort === undefined
+        ? (storedEffort.get(entry.providerType) ?? null)
+        : entry.reasoningEffort
+      : null;
+    return {
+      providerType: entry.providerType,
+      priority: idx + 1,
+      enabled: entry.enabled,
+      ...(reasoningEffort ? { reasoningEffort } : {}),
+    };
+  });
 
   await prisma.user.update({
     where: { id: user.id },
diff --git a/src/app/api/medications/[id]/__tests__/route.test.ts b/src/app/api/medications/[id]/__tests__/route.test.ts
index 5545404eb..67d9fe8f5 100644
--- a/src/app/api/medications/[id]/__tests__/route.test.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/medications/[id]/__tests__/route.test.ts
@@ -114,6 +114,11 @@ const ROUTE_CTX = { params: Promise.resolve({ id: "m1" }) };
 beforeEach(() => {
   vi.resetAllMocks();
   vi.mocked(getSession).mockResolvedValue(SESSION_OK as never);
+  // The PUT writes inside one interactive transaction; run its callback
+  // against the same mocked client.
+  vi.mocked(prisma.$transaction).mockImplementation((async (
+    fn: (tx: typeof prisma) => unknown,
+  ) => fn(prisma)) as never);
   // v1.40 — the category and course helpers' defaults, which
   // `resetAllMocks` clears.
   vi.mocked(resolveCourseFields).mockResolvedValue(new Map());
@@ -203,9 +208,9 @@ describe("PUT /api/medications/[id] — v1.5 scheduling primitives", () => {
     vi.mocked(auditLog).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     const res = await PUT(putReq({ endsOn: "2026-12-31" }), ROUTE_CTX);
     expect(res.status).toBe(200);
-    // v1.40 (#1024) — the window goes through the course writer, which
-    // writes the row and the latest course in one transaction; the plain
-    // row update no longer carries it.
+    // v1.40 (#1024) — the window goes through the course writer, inside the
+    // same transaction as the row update; the plain row update no longer
+    // carries it.
     const call = lastUpdateCall();
     expect(call.data).not.toHaveProperty("endsOn");
     expect(setCurrentWindow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -213,6 +218,7 @@ describe("PUT /api/medications/[id] — v1.5 scheduling primitives", () => {
         medicationId: "m1",
         endsOn: new Date("2026-12-31"),
       }),
+      prisma,
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/src/app/api/medications/[id]/route.ts b/src/app/api/medications/[id]/route.ts
index c30e57891..3587a4dda 100644
--- a/src/app/api/medications/[id]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/medications/[id]/route.ts
@@ -667,7 +667,12 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(
     // Tombstone today's and future open pending rows of this medication.
     // Runs on a schedule replace (the old anchors are stale) and when intake
     // tracking is switched off (nothing is due any more).
-    const tombstoneOpenSlots = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    // The rollup days the tombstoned slots sat on, recomputed once the
+    // transaction below has committed the tombstones.
+    const staleRollupDays = new Set<string>();
+    const tombstoneOpenSlots = async (
+      db: Prisma.TransactionClient,
+    ): Promise<void> => {
       // A schedule replace invalidates the open slot anchors the projector /
       // reminder worker minted for the OLD times: a pending 08:00 row for a
       // medication that now doses at 20:00 would linger as a phantom slot,
@@ -689,12 +694,12 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(
         scheduledFor: { gte: todayStart },
       } as const;
       // Capture the affected slots BEFORE the tombstone so the compliance
-      // rollups for those days can be recomputed immediately below —
+      // rollups for those days can be recomputed after the commit —
       // `updateMany` does not return the touched rows. Without the
       // recompute a tombstoned pending kept counting as `scheduled` in
       // the rollup row until the next event-driven write for that day,
       // depressing the rate the cards read in the meantime.
-      const tombstoned = await prisma.medicationIntakeEvent.findMany({
+      const tombstoned = await db.medicationIntakeEvent.findMany({
         where: tombstoneWhere,
         select: { scheduledFor: true },
       });
@@ -708,331 +713,337 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(
           tombstonedTo = row.scheduledFor;
         }
       }
-      await prisma.medicationIntakeEvent.updateMany({
+      await db.medicationIntakeEvent.updateMany({
         where: tombstoneWhere,
         data: { deletedAt: new Date(), syncVersion: { increment: 1 } },
       });
-      // Recompute each affected rollup day (deduped via the user-tz day
-      // key). Best-effort like every other rollup write-hook: a failure
-      // is annotated, never blocks the schedule replace.
-      const staleDayKeys = new Set(
-        tombstoned.map((row) =>
-          dayKeyForScheduledFor(row.scheduledFor, userTz),
-        ),
-      );
-      for (const dayKey of staleDayKeys) {
-        try {
-          await recomputeMedicationComplianceForDay(
-            user.id,
-            id,
-            dayKey,
-            userTz,
-          );
-        } catch (err) {
-          annotate({
-            meta: {
-              medication_compliance_rollup_failed: true,
-              medication_compliance_rollup_error:
-                err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
-            },
-          });
-        }
+      // Deduped via the user-tz day key.
+      for (const row of tombstoned) {
+        staleRollupDays.add(dayKeyForScheduledFor(row.scheduledFor, userTz));
       }
     };
 
-    // If schedules provided, replace all
-    if (schedules && normalisedSchedules) {
-      // v1.16.3 — effective dating. Before the wholesale replace below wipes
-      // the old rows, archive them as ONE revision covering
-      // `[previous validUntil | medication.createdAt, now)` — but only when a
-      // cadence-relevant field actually changes. A no-op edit (the Zeitplan
-      // tab echoing the same rows back) must not mint a phantom era.
-      const previousRows = await prisma.medicationSchedule.findMany({
-        where: { medicationId: id },
-      });
-      const previousEntries = previousRows.map((row) =>
-        toRevisionPayloadEntry({
-          timesOfDay: row.timesOfDay,
-          windowStart: row.windowStart,
-          windowEnd: row.windowEnd,
-          daysOfWeek: row.daysOfWeek,
-          rrule: row.rrule,
-          rollingIntervalDays: row.rollingIntervalDays,
-          scheduleType: row.scheduleType,
-          cyclicOnWeeks: row.cyclicOnWeeks,
-          cyclicOffWeeks: row.cyclicOffWeeks,
-          doseWindows: row.doseWindows,
-          label: row.label,
-          dose: row.dose,
-          reminderGraceMinutes: row.reminderGraceMinutes,
-        }),
-      );
-      replacedScheduleCount = previousRows.length;
-      replacedCadence =
-        previousRows.length > 0
-          ? previousRows
-              .map((row) =>
-                [
-                  row.timesOfDay,
-                  row.rrule ?? "",
-                  row.rollingIntervalDays !== null
-                    ? `every ${row.rollingIntervalDays}d`
-                    : "",
-                  row.daysOfWeek ?? "",
-                ]
-                  .filter((part) => part !== "")
-                  .join(" "),
-              )
-              .join(" | ")
-          : null;
-
-      // v1.39.1 (#1033) — a stretch with intake tracking off expected
-      // nothing, so it archives with an empty payload whatever the rows
-      // said; and a tracking transition is itself an era boundary even when
-      // the rows stay the same.
-      const archivedEntries = wasTracked ? previousEntries : [];
-      if (
-        previousRows.length > 0 &&
-        (trackingChanged ||
-          !wasTracked ||
-          schedulesMateriallyDiffer(
-            previousEntries,
-            normalisedSchedules.map((n) => n.snapshot),
-          ))
-      ) {
-        const lastRevision = await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
-          // Chain from the ACTIVE boundary: a superseded row is an
-          // audit record whose `validUntil` may sit past its correction.
-          where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
-          orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
-          select: { validUntil: true },
-        });
-        await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
-          data: {
-            medicationId: id,
-            validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
-            validUntil: new Date(),
-            payload: archivedEntries as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
-          },
-        });
-        annotate({
-          action: {
-            name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
-            entity_type: "medication",
-            entity_id: id,
-          },
-          meta: { schedule_revision_rows: archivedEntries.length },
-        });
-      } else if (
-        previousRows.length === 0 &&
-        existing.asNeeded &&
-        asNeeded === false &&
-        normalisedSchedules.length > 0
-      ) {
-        // v1.16.11 — flipping as-needed OFF. The medication carried ZERO
-        // schedule rows while as-needed, so the wholesale-replace archive
-        // above never fires — and without a revision the live era would
-        // start at the PREVIOUS revision's `validUntil` (or `createdAt`),
-        // retro-painting the schedule-less as-needed stretch with the NEW
-        // schedule's expected slots: every PRN day would read as missed.
-        // Archive an EMPTY era covering the as-needed stretch instead; an
-        // empty payload expands to zero schedules, so era-aware compliance
-        // expects nothing there — exactly the as-needed contract.
-        const lastRevision = await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
-          where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
-          orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
-          select: { validUntil: true },
-        });
-        await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
-          data: {
-            medicationId: id,
-            validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
-            validUntil: new Date(),
-            payload: [] as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
-          },
-        });
-        annotate({
-          action: {
-            name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
-            entity_type: "medication",
-            entity_id: id,
-          },
-          meta: { schedule_revision_rows: 0 },
-        });
-      }
-      await tombstoneOpenSlots();
-      await prisma.medicationSchedule.deleteMany({
-        where: { medicationId: id },
-      });
-    } else if (trackingChanged) {
-      // v1.39.1 (#1033) — intake tracking switched without a schedule
-      // replace. Close the current era at this instant: switching OFF
-      // archives the schedule that was in force (the tracked stretch keeps
-      // its expected doses); switching back ON archives the untracked
-      // stretch with an empty payload, so compliance never counts it as
-      // missed and the live schedule, the projector and the reminder worker
-      // all resume from now.
-      const liveRows = await prisma.medicationSchedule.findMany({
-        where: { medicationId: id },
-      });
-      if (liveRows.length > 0) {
-        const lastRevision = await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
-          where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
-          orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
-          select: { validUntil: true },
-        });
-        const archivedEntries = wasTracked
-          ? liveRows.map((row) =>
-              toRevisionPayloadEntry({
-                timesOfDay: row.timesOfDay,
-                windowStart: row.windowStart,
-                windowEnd: row.windowEnd,
-                daysOfWeek: row.daysOfWeek,
-                rrule: row.rrule,
-                rollingIntervalDays: row.rollingIntervalDays,
-                scheduleType: row.scheduleType,
-                cyclicOnWeeks: row.cyclicOnWeeks,
-                cyclicOffWeeks: row.cyclicOffWeeks,
-                doseWindows: row.doseWindows,
-                label: row.label,
-                dose: row.dose,
-                reminderGraceMinutes: row.reminderGraceMinutes,
-              }),
-            )
-          : [];
-        await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
-          data: {
-            medicationId: id,
-            validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
-            validUntil: new Date(),
-            payload: archivedEntries as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
-          },
-        });
-        annotate({
-          action: {
-            name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
-            entity_type: "medication",
-            entity_id: id,
-          },
-          meta: {
-            schedule_revision_rows: archivedEntries.length,
-            track_intake: willTrack,
-          },
-        });
-      }
-    }
-
-    // v1.39.1 (#1033) — switching intake tracking off leaves nothing due:
-    // the open placeholders of today and later go the way a schedule
-    // replace sends them (a replace in the same request already did it).
-    if (trackingChanged && !willTrack && !schedules) {
-      await tombstoneOpenSlots();
-    }
-
-    const baseUpdateData = {
-      ...(name !== undefined && { name }),
-      ...(dose !== undefined && { dose }),
-      ...(treatmentClass !== undefined && { treatmentClass }),
-      ...(dosesPerUnit !== undefined && { dosesPerUnit }),
-      // v1.16.10 — units consumed per dose. Field-by-field; the stamp on
-      // already-taken intake events freezes their recorded consumption.
-      ...(unitsPerDose !== undefined && { unitsPerDose }),
-      // v1.17.0 — reorder lead override. Field-by-field; `null` is a
-      // valid explicit value (clears the override → user-level default).
-      ...(reorderLeadDays !== undefined && { reorderLeadDays }),
-      ...(deliveryForm !== undefined && { deliveryForm }),
-      // v1.8.5 — injection-site tracking opt-in + per-medication allowed
-      // sites. Field-by-field; `false` / `[]` are valid explicit values
-      // (deactivate tracking / clear the per-med restriction).
-      ...(trackInjectionSites !== undefined && { trackInjectionSites }),
-      ...(allowedInjectionSites !== undefined && { allowedInjectionSites }),
-      ...(active !== undefined && { active }),
-      ...(notificationsEnabled !== undefined && { notificationsEnabled }),
-      // v1.7.0 — iOS reminder flags, field-by-field.
-      ...(liveActivityEnabled !== undefined && { liveActivityEnabled }),
-      ...(criticalAlarmEnabled !== undefined && { criticalAlarmEnabled }),
-      // v1.9.0 — optional drug-classification codes (ATC / RxNorm).
-      // Field-by-field; `null` is a valid explicit value (clears the code).
-      ...(atcCode !== undefined && { atcCode }),
-      ...(rxNormCode !== undefined && { rxNormCode }),
-      // v1.5 scheduling primitives — pass-through when supplied.
-      // `startsOn` / `endsOn` are `Date | null | undefined` (the
-      // schema lets the user clear them explicitly with null).
-      // v1.40 (#1024) — `startsOn` / `endsOn` are not written here: the
-      // course writer below writes them together with the course they
-      // project, in one transaction, so the row and its courses cannot
-      // disagree if one of the two writes fails.
-      ...(oneShot !== undefined && { oneShot }),
-      // v1.16.11 — as-needed flag, field-by-field (the invariants above
-      // already guaranteed the medication ends schedule-consistent).
-      ...(asNeeded !== undefined && { asNeeded }),
-      // v1.39.1 (#1033) — intake tracking, field-by-field.
-      ...(trackIntake !== undefined && { trackIntake }),
-      ...(normalisedSchedules && {
-        schedules: {
-          create: normalisedSchedules.map((n) => n.createData),
-        },
-      }),
-    };
-
-    const withoutNotifications = { ...baseUpdateData } as Record<
-      string,
-      unknown
-    >;
-    delete withoutNotifications.notificationsEnabled;
-    const hasPausedAtPatch = Object.keys(pausedAtPatch).length > 0;
-    const hasNotificationsPatch = notificationsEnabled !== undefined;
-
-    const updateCandidates: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [
-      { ...baseUpdateData, ...pausedAtPatch },
-    ];
-    if (hasPausedAtPatch) {
-      updateCandidates.push(baseUpdateData);
-    }
-    if (hasNotificationsPatch) {
-      updateCandidates.push({ ...withoutNotifications, ...pausedAtPatch });
-      if (hasPausedAtPatch) {
-        updateCandidates.push(withoutNotifications);
-      }
-    }
-
+    // v1.40 — everything the PUT writes to the medication, its schedule and
+    // its course commits as one transaction. The course write can still be
+    // refused after the check above (another request wrote a course in
+    // between); with the row update committed first, the client got the
+    // refusal while the name, the schedule and `oneShot` were already
+    // changed. Now a refusal rolls all of it back. The rollup recompute and
+    // the grace bridge stay outside: both read or write what this commit
+    // settles, and neither may undo it.
     let medication;
-    let lastUpdateErr: unknown;
-    for (const candidate of updateCandidates) {
-      try {
-        medication = await prisma.medication.update({
+    try {
+      medication = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+        // If schedules provided, replace all
+        if (schedules && normalisedSchedules) {
+          // v1.16.3 — effective dating. Before the wholesale replace below wipes
+          // the old rows, archive them as ONE revision covering
+          // `[previous validUntil | medication.createdAt, now)` — but only when a
+          // cadence-relevant field actually changes. A no-op edit (the Zeitplan
+          // tab echoing the same rows back) must not mint a phantom era.
+          const previousRows = await tx.medicationSchedule.findMany({
+            where: { medicationId: id },
+          });
+          const previousEntries = previousRows.map((row) =>
+            toRevisionPayloadEntry({
+              timesOfDay: row.timesOfDay,
+              windowStart: row.windowStart,
+              windowEnd: row.windowEnd,
+              daysOfWeek: row.daysOfWeek,
+              rrule: row.rrule,
+              rollingIntervalDays: row.rollingIntervalDays,
+              scheduleType: row.scheduleType,
+              cyclicOnWeeks: row.cyclicOnWeeks,
+              cyclicOffWeeks: row.cyclicOffWeeks,
+              doseWindows: row.doseWindows,
+              label: row.label,
+              dose: row.dose,
+              reminderGraceMinutes: row.reminderGraceMinutes,
+            }),
+          );
+          replacedScheduleCount = previousRows.length;
+          replacedCadence =
+            previousRows.length > 0
+              ? previousRows
+                  .map((row) =>
+                    [
+                      row.timesOfDay,
+                      row.rrule ?? "",
+                      row.rollingIntervalDays !== null
+                        ? `every ${row.rollingIntervalDays}d`
+                        : "",
+                      row.daysOfWeek ?? "",
+                    ]
+                      .filter((part) => part !== "")
+                      .join(" "),
+                  )
+                  .join(" | ")
+              : null;
+
+          // v1.39.1 (#1033) — a stretch with intake tracking off expected
+          // nothing, so it archives with an empty payload whatever the rows
+          // said; and a tracking transition is itself an era boundary even when
+          // the rows stay the same.
+          const archivedEntries = wasTracked ? previousEntries : [];
+          if (
+            previousRows.length > 0 &&
+            (trackingChanged ||
+              !wasTracked ||
+              schedulesMateriallyDiffer(
+                previousEntries,
+                normalisedSchedules.map((n) => n.snapshot),
+              ))
+          ) {
+            const lastRevision = await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
+              // Chain from the ACTIVE boundary: a superseded row is an
+              // audit record whose `validUntil` may sit past its correction.
+              where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
+              orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
+              select: { validUntil: true },
+            });
+            await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
+              data: {
+                medicationId: id,
+                validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
+                validUntil: new Date(),
+                payload: archivedEntries as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
+              },
+            });
+            annotate({
+              action: {
+                name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
+                entity_type: "medication",
+                entity_id: id,
+              },
+              meta: { schedule_revision_rows: archivedEntries.length },
+            });
+          } else if (
+            previousRows.length === 0 &&
+            existing.asNeeded &&
+            asNeeded === false &&
+            normalisedSchedules.length > 0
+          ) {
+            // v1.16.11 — flipping as-needed OFF. The medication carried ZERO
+            // schedule rows while as-needed, so the wholesale-replace archive
+            // above never fires — and without a revision the live era would
+            // start at the PREVIOUS revision's `validUntil` (or `createdAt`),
+            // retro-painting the schedule-less as-needed stretch with the NEW
+            // schedule's expected slots: every PRN day would read as missed.
+            // Archive an EMPTY era covering the as-needed stretch instead; an
+            // empty payload expands to zero schedules, so era-aware compliance
+            // expects nothing there — exactly the as-needed contract.
+            const lastRevision = await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
+              where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
+              orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
+              select: { validUntil: true },
+            });
+            await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
+              data: {
+                medicationId: id,
+                validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
+                validUntil: new Date(),
+                payload: [] as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
+              },
+            });
+            annotate({
+              action: {
+                name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
+                entity_type: "medication",
+                entity_id: id,
+              },
+              meta: { schedule_revision_rows: 0 },
+            });
+          }
+          await tombstoneOpenSlots(tx);
+          await tx.medicationSchedule.deleteMany({
+            where: { medicationId: id },
+          });
+        } else if (trackingChanged) {
+          // v1.39.1 (#1033) — intake tracking switched without a schedule
+          // replace. Close the current era at this instant: switching OFF
+          // archives the schedule that was in force (the tracked stretch keeps
+          // its expected doses); switching back ON archives the untracked
+          // stretch with an empty payload, so compliance never counts it as
+          // missed and the live schedule, the projector and the reminder worker
+          // all resume from now.
+          const liveRows = await tx.medicationSchedule.findMany({
+            where: { medicationId: id },
+          });
+          if (liveRows.length > 0) {
+            const lastRevision = await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.findFirst({
+              where: { medicationId: id, supersededByRevisionId: null },
+              orderBy: { validUntil: "desc" },
+              select: { validUntil: true },
+            });
+            const archivedEntries = wasTracked
+              ? liveRows.map((row) =>
+                  toRevisionPayloadEntry({
+                    timesOfDay: row.timesOfDay,
+                    windowStart: row.windowStart,
+                    windowEnd: row.windowEnd,
+                    daysOfWeek: row.daysOfWeek,
+                    rrule: row.rrule,
+                    rollingIntervalDays: row.rollingIntervalDays,
+                    scheduleType: row.scheduleType,
+                    cyclicOnWeeks: row.cyclicOnWeeks,
+                    cyclicOffWeeks: row.cyclicOffWeeks,
+                    doseWindows: row.doseWindows,
+                    label: row.label,
+                    dose: row.dose,
+                    reminderGraceMinutes: row.reminderGraceMinutes,
+                  }),
+                )
+              : [];
+            await tx.medicationScheduleRevision.create({
+              data: {
+                medicationId: id,
+                validFrom: lastRevision?.validUntil ?? existing.createdAt,
+                validUntil: new Date(),
+                payload: archivedEntries as unknown as Prisma.InputJsonValue,
+              },
+            });
+            annotate({
+              action: {
+                name: "medication.schedule.revision_archived",
+                entity_type: "medication",
+                entity_id: id,
+              },
+              meta: {
+                schedule_revision_rows: archivedEntries.length,
+                track_intake: willTrack,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        // v1.39.1 (#1033) — switching intake tracking off leaves nothing due:
+        // the open placeholders of today and later go the way a schedule
+        // replace sends them (a replace in the same request already did it).
+        if (trackingChanged && !willTrack && !schedules) {
+          await tombstoneOpenSlots(tx);
+        }
+
+        const baseUpdateData = {
+          ...(name !== undefined && { name }),
+          ...(dose !== undefined && { dose }),
+          ...(treatmentClass !== undefined && { treatmentClass }),
+          ...(dosesPerUnit !== undefined && { dosesPerUnit }),
+          // v1.16.10 — units consumed per dose. Field-by-field; the stamp on
+          // already-taken intake events freezes their recorded consumption.
+          ...(unitsPerDose !== undefined && { unitsPerDose }),
+          // v1.17.0 — reorder lead override. Field-by-field; `null` is a
+          // valid explicit value (clears the override → user-level default).
+          ...(reorderLeadDays !== undefined && { reorderLeadDays }),
+          ...(deliveryForm !== undefined && { deliveryForm }),
+          // v1.8.5 — injection-site tracking opt-in + per-medication allowed
+          // sites. Field-by-field; `false` / `[]` are valid explicit values
+          // (deactivate tracking / clear the per-med restriction).
+          ...(trackInjectionSites !== undefined && { trackInjectionSites }),
+          ...(allowedInjectionSites !== undefined && { allowedInjectionSites }),
+          ...(active !== undefined && { active }),
+          ...(notificationsEnabled !== undefined && { notificationsEnabled }),
+          // v1.7.0 — iOS reminder flags, field-by-field.
+          ...(liveActivityEnabled !== undefined && { liveActivityEnabled }),
+          ...(criticalAlarmEnabled !== undefined && { criticalAlarmEnabled }),
+          // v1.9.0 — optional drug-classification codes (ATC / RxNorm).
+          // Field-by-field; `null` is a valid explicit value (clears the code).
+          ...(atcCode !== undefined && { atcCode }),
+          ...(rxNormCode !== undefined && { rxNormCode }),
+          // v1.5 scheduling primitives — pass-through when supplied.
+          // `startsOn` / `endsOn` are `Date | null | undefined` (the
+          // schema lets the user clear them explicitly with null).
+          // v1.40 (#1024) — `startsOn` / `endsOn` are not written here: the
+          // course writer below writes them together with the course they
+          // project, in one transaction, so the row and its courses cannot
+          // disagree if one of the two writes fails.
+          ...(oneShot !== undefined && { oneShot }),
+          // v1.16.11 — as-needed flag, field-by-field (the invariants above
+          // already guaranteed the medication ends schedule-consistent).
+          ...(asNeeded !== undefined && { asNeeded }),
+          // v1.39.1 (#1033) — intake tracking, field-by-field.
+          ...(trackIntake !== undefined && { trackIntake }),
+          ...(normalisedSchedules && {
+            schedules: {
+              create: normalisedSchedules.map((n) => n.createData),
+            },
+          }),
+        };
+
+        const updated = await tx.medication.update({
           where: { id },
-          data: candidate,
+          data: { ...baseUpdateData, ...pausedAtPatch },
           include: { schedules: true },
         });
-        break;
-      } catch (updateErr) {
-        lastUpdateErr = updateErr;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!medication) throw lastUpdateErr;
 
-    // v1.25 H-MED1 — durable pause intervals. The `pausedAt` column is a
-    // single live marker that resume clears, so the paused window is
-    // irrecoverable once resumed and every paused day's slot collapses to
-    // "missed" in the compliance denominator. Mirror the live transition
-    // onto an additive era record the rate paths read: a pause opens an era
-    // (resumedAt null), a resume closes the latest open era. `userId` comes
-    // from the authenticated session; the data object is built field-by-field.
-    if (active === false && existing.active) {
-      await prisma.medicationPauseEra.create({
-        data: {
-          medicationId: id,
-          userId: user.id,
-          pausedAt: new Date(),
-          resumedAt: null,
-        },
-      });
-    } else if (active === true && !existing.active) {
-      await prisma.medicationPauseEra.updateMany({
-        where: { medicationId: id, userId: user.id, resumedAt: null },
-        data: { resumedAt: new Date() },
+        // v1.25 H-MED1 — durable pause intervals. The `pausedAt` column is a
+        // single live marker that resume clears, so the paused window is
+        // irrecoverable once resumed and every paused day's slot collapses to
+        // "missed" in the compliance denominator. Mirror the live transition
+        // onto an additive era record the rate paths read: a pause opens an era
+        // (resumedAt null), a resume closes the latest open era. `userId` comes
+        // from the authenticated session; the data object is built field-by-field.
+        if (active === false && existing.active) {
+          await tx.medicationPauseEra.create({
+            data: {
+              medicationId: id,
+              userId: user.id,
+              pausedAt: new Date(),
+              resumedAt: null,
+            },
+          });
+        } else if (active === true && !existing.active) {
+          await tx.medicationPauseEra.updateMany({
+            where: { medicationId: id, userId: user.id, resumedAt: null },
+            data: { resumedAt: new Date() },
+          });
+        }
+
+        // v1.40 (#1024) — write the window onto the latest course and
+        // project it back, then serve the projected row.
+        if (touchesWindow) {
+          const projected = await setCurrentWindow(
+            {
+              userId: user.id,
+              medicationId: id,
+              timeZone: courseTz,
+              ...nextWindow,
+            },
+            tx,
+          );
+          return { ...updated, ...projected };
+        }
+        return updated;
       });
+    } catch (err) {
+      // A concurrent course write landed between the check above and the
+      // course write. The transaction rolled back: nothing was written.
+      if (err instanceof CourseWriteError) {
+        const r = courseRefusalResponse(err.refusal);
+        return apiError(r.message, r.status, { errorCode: r.errorCode });
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+
+    // Recompute each rollup day the tombstoned slots sat on, now that the
+    // tombstones are committed. Best-effort like every other rollup
+    // write-hook: a failure is annotated, never fails the edit.
+    for (const dayKey of staleRollupDays) {
+      try {
+        await recomputeMedicationComplianceForDay(
+          user.id,
+          id,
+          dayKey,
+          user.timezone || DEFAULT_TIMEZONE,
+        );
+      } catch (err) {
+        annotate({
+          meta: {
+            medication_compliance_rollup_failed: true,
+            medication_compliance_rollup_error:
+              err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+          },
+        });
+      }
     }
 
     // Apply the v1.5.5 primary-schedule grace bridge after the
@@ -1055,29 +1066,6 @@ export const PUT = apiHandler(
       }
     }
 
-    // v1.40 (#1024) — write the window onto the latest course and project it
-    // back, then serve the projected row.
-    if (touchesWindow) {
-      let projected;
-      try {
-        projected = await setCurrentWindow({
-          userId: user.id,
-          medicationId: id,
-          timeZone: courseTz,
-          ...nextWindow,
-        });
-      } catch (err) {
-        // A concurrent course write landed between the check above and this
-        // transaction. Nothing of the window was written.
-        if (err instanceof CourseWriteError) {
-          const r = courseRefusalResponse(err.refusal);
-          return apiError(r.message, r.status, { errorCode: r.errorCode });
-        }
-        throw err;
-      }
-      medication = { ...medication, ...projected };
-    }
-
     // v1.40 (#1041) — an iPhone app build that predates custom categories
     // decodes an unknown category as OTHER and sends it back on every edit,
     // which would overwrite the person's own category with OTHER. A native
diff --git a/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/__tests__/route.test.ts b/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/__tests__/route.test.ts
index 9c5e5809b..0eb415494 100644
--- a/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/__tests__/route.test.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/__tests__/route.test.ts
@@ -623,3 +623,96 @@ describe("GET /api/user/ai-provider — the shared-provider offer", () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+// #1126 — the Local and gateway entries' reasoning setting, written from the
+// provider forms onto the chain entry and read back from it.
+describe("PATCH /api/user/ai-provider — reasoning setting (#1126)", () => {
+  const patch = PATCH as (req: Request) => Promise<Response>;
+  function storedChain(chain: unknown) {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      aiProviderChain: chain,
+    } as never);
+  }
+  function written() {
+    return vi.mocked(prisma.user.update).mock.calls[0]?.[0].data as
+      Record<string, unknown> | undefined;
+  }
+
+  it("stores Off on the local entry of a chain that was never customised", async () => {
+    storedChain(null);
+    const res = await patch(
+      patchRequest({ provider: "LOCAL", localReasoningEffort: "none" }),
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    const chain = written()?.aiProviderChain as Array<{
+      providerType: string;
+      reasoningEffort?: string;
+    }>;
+    expect(chain.find((e) => e.providerType === "local")).toMatchObject({
+      enabled: true,
+      reasoningEffort: "none",
+    });
+    expect(chain.filter((e) => e.reasoningEffort)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("holds the gateway's value on a disabled entry when the chain lacks it", async () => {
+    storedChain([{ providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true }]);
+    await patch(patchRequest({ compatReasoningEffort: "high" }));
+    expect(written()?.aiProviderChain).toEqual([
+      { providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai-compatible",
+        priority: 2,
+        enabled: false,
+        reasoningEffort: "high",
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not touch the chain when Default is restated on a default chain", async () => {
+    storedChain(null);
+    await patch(
+      patchRequest({ provider: "LOCAL", localReasoningEffort: null }),
+    );
+    expect(written()).toEqual({ aiProvider: "LOCAL" });
+  });
+
+  it("answers 200 for a body that only restates Default", async () => {
+    storedChain(null);
+    const res = await patch(patchRequest({ localReasoningEffort: null }));
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(prisma.user.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("refuses a value outside the five", async () => {
+    const res = await patch(patchRequest({ localReasoningEffort: "max" }));
+    expect(res.status).toBe(422);
+    expect(prisma.user.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("GET /api/user/ai-provider — reasoning setting (#1126)", () => {
+  it("reads both values from the chain, null for Default", async () => {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      aiProvider: "LOCAL",
+      aiProviderChain: [
+        {
+          providerType: "local",
+          priority: 1,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort: "none",
+        },
+      ],
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(resolveProviderAvailability).mockResolvedValue({
+      aiAvailable: true,
+      managedBy: "local",
+    });
+    const res = await (GET as () => Promise<Response>)();
+    const body = (await res.json()) as {
+      data: { localReasoningEffort: unknown; compatReasoningEffort: unknown };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.localReasoningEffort).toBe("none");
+    expect(body.data.compatReasoningEffort).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/route.ts b/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/route.ts
index 7f19b619b..1b976d5ec 100644
--- a/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/user/ai-provider/route.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/sharing/provider-work-authority";
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { aiProviderPatchSchema } from "@/lib/validations/ai-provider";
+import {
+  chainWithReasoningEffort,
+  parseProviderChain,
+  serializeProviderChain,
+} from "@/lib/ai/provider-chain";
+import { reasoningEffortFor } from "@/lib/ai/reasoning-effort";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
 
@@ -42,6 +48,8 @@ export const GET = apiHandler(async () => {
       aiCompatModel: true,
       // v1.22 (#89)
       aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: true,
+      // #1126 — the reasoning settings live on the chain entries.
+      aiProviderChain: true,
       // v1.38.19 — a managed profile is never the party that gives
       // consent for itself; the offer below has to know.
       managedProfileAt: true,
@@ -141,6 +149,13 @@ export const GET = apiHandler(async () => {
     hasCompatKey: Boolean(u?.aiCompatKeyEncrypted),
     // v1.22 (#89) — per-user response timeout, in seconds (null = default).
     responseTimeoutSeconds: u?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds ?? null,
+    // #1126 — the Local and gateway entries' reasoning settings (null =
+    // Default), read from the chain where they are stored.
+    localReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortFor(u?.aiProviderChain, "local"),
+    compatReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortFor(
+      u?.aiProviderChain,
+      "openai-compatible",
+    ),
     // v1.38.19 — see the block above. A tri-state and two booleans;
     // no count, no timestamp and no other account is inferable from them.
     serverProviderHealth,
@@ -297,7 +312,45 @@ export const PATCH = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     updates.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds = body.responseTimeoutSeconds;
   }
 
-  if (Object.keys(updates).length === 0) {
+  // ── #1126 — reasoning settings of the Local and gateway entries ──
+  // Stored on the entry in `aiProviderChain` rather than in a column of their
+  // own, so the setting is per entry and a chain can mix a thinking model with
+  // one that does not know the field. See `chainWithReasoningEffort` for how a
+  // default chain, or a provider absent from the chain, holds the value.
+  const reasoningTouched =
+    body.localReasoningEffort !== undefined ||
+    body.compatReasoningEffort !== undefined;
+  if (reasoningTouched) {
+    const current = await prisma.user.findUnique({
+      where: { id: user.id },
+      select: { aiProviderChain: true },
+    });
+    let chain: unknown = current?.aiProviderChain ?? null;
+    if (body.localReasoningEffort !== undefined) {
+      chain = chainWithReasoningEffort(
+        chain,
+        "local",
+        body.localReasoningEffort,
+      );
+    }
+    if (body.compatReasoningEffort !== undefined) {
+      chain = chainWithReasoningEffort(
+        chain,
+        "openai-compatible",
+        body.compatReasoningEffort,
+      );
+    }
+    // Written only when it changed: restating Default on a chain that was
+    // never customised must not freeze today's default chain into the row.
+    const before = serializeProviderChain(
+      parseProviderChain(current?.aiProviderChain ?? null),
+    );
+    if (serializeProviderChain(parseProviderChain(chain)) !== before) {
+      updates.aiProviderChain = chain;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (Object.keys(updates).length === 0 && !reasoningTouched) {
     return apiError("No valid fields", 422, {
       errorCode: "ai_provider.no_fields",
     });
@@ -317,7 +370,9 @@ export const PATCH = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     updates.aiBaseUrl = null;
   }
 
-  await prisma.user.update({ where: { id: user.id }, data: updates });
+  if (Object.keys(updates).length > 0) {
+    await prisma.user.update({ where: { id: user.id }, data: updates });
+  }
 
   return apiSuccess({ updated: true });
 });
diff --git a/src/components/admin/backups-section.tsx b/src/components/admin/backups-section.tsx
index 3a0550cc5..22b557d71 100644
--- a/src/components/admin/backups-section.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/backups-section.tsx
@@ -464,6 +464,18 @@ function catalogueLabel(
   if (catalogue === "symptomEpisodeReference") {
     return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference");
   }
+  if (catalogue === "visitCiphertext") {
+    return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedVisitCiphertext");
+  }
+  if (catalogue === "vaccinationCiphertext") {
+    return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedVaccinationCiphertext");
+  }
+  if (catalogue === "moodLabelCiphertext") {
+    return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedMoodLabelCiphertext");
+  }
+  if (catalogue === "cycleCiphertext") {
+    return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext");
+  }
   if (catalogue === "medicationTarget") {
     return t("admin.section.backups.restoreSkippedMedicationTarget");
   }
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort-field.test.tsx b/src/components/settings/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort-field.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f2f2efd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/settings/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort-field.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { renderToStaticMarkup } from "react-dom/server";
+import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+
+import { I18nProvider } from "@/lib/i18n/context";
+import en from "../../../../../messages/en.json";
+import { CompatProviderForm } from "../compat-provider-form";
+import { LocalProviderForm } from "../local-provider-form";
+import type { UserAIProvider } from "../shared";
+
+/**
+ * #1126 — the Reasoning select on the Local and OpenAI-compatible forms. It
+ * sits right under the model field, offers exactly Default / Off / Low /
+ * Medium / High, and seeds from the value the server stored on the entry.
+ * Saving it is pinned end to end in `e2e/ai-provider-dropdown.spec.ts`.
+ */
+
+function provider(overrides: Partial<UserAIProvider>): UserAIProvider {
+  return {
+    provider: "LOCAL",
+    model: "llama3:8b",
+    baseUrl: "http://ollama.example.org:11434/v1",
+    hasAnthropicKey: false,
+    anthropicKeyPreview: null,
+    hasLocalKey: false,
+    hasOpenaiKey: false,
+    openaiKeyPreview: null,
+    compatBaseUrl: "https://gateway.example.org/v1",
+    compatModel: "qwen3",
+    hasCompatKey: false,
+    responseTimeoutSeconds: null,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+function render(node: React.ReactNode) {
+  const client = new QueryClient({
+    defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } },
+  });
+  return renderToStaticMarkup(
+    <QueryClientProvider client={client}>
+      <I18nProvider initialLocale="en">{node}</I18nProvider>
+    </QueryClientProvider>,
+  );
+}
+
+/** The `<select>` element with the given id, as markup. */
+function selectMarkup(html: string, id: string): string {
+  const match = new RegExp(`<select[^>]*\\bid="${id}"`).exec(html);
+  expect(match, `no select #${id}`).not.toBeNull();
+  const start = match!.index;
+  return html.slice(start, html.indexOf("</select>", start));
+}
+
+const OPTION_VALUES = ["", "none", "low", "medium", "high"];
+
+describe.each([
+  {
+    name: "Local",
+    id: "ai-local-reasoning",
+    after: "ai-local-model",
+    form: (p: UserAIProvider) => <LocalProviderForm userProvider={p} />,
+    stored: (v: UserAIProvider["localReasoningEffort"]) => ({
+      localReasoningEffort: v,
+    }),
+  },
+  {
+    name: "OpenAI-compatible",
+    id: "ai-compat-reasoning",
+    after: "ai-compat-model",
+    form: (p: UserAIProvider) => <CompatProviderForm userProvider={p} />,
+    stored: (v: UserAIProvider["compatReasoningEffort"]) => ({
+      compatReasoningEffort: v,
+      provider: "OPENAI_COMPATIBLE",
+    }),
+  },
+])("$name form", ({ id, after, form, stored }) => {
+  it("offers Default, Off, Low, Medium and High under the model field", () => {
+    const html = render(form(provider({})));
+    const select = selectMarkup(html, id);
+    expect(
+      [...select.matchAll(/<option value="([^"]*)"/g)].map((m) => m[1]),
+    ).toEqual(OPTION_VALUES);
+    const r = en.settings.ai.reasoning;
+    for (const label of Object.values(r.options)) {
+      expect(select).toContain(`>${label}</option>`);
+    }
+    expect(html).toContain(`<label`);
+    expect(html).toContain(`for="${id}"`);
+    expect(html).toContain(r.label);
+    expect(html).toContain(r.hint);
+    expect(html.indexOf(`id="${id}"`)).toBeGreaterThan(
+      html.indexOf(`id="${after}"`),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("seeds Default when nothing is stored, or a payload predates the field", () => {
+    const select = selectMarkup(render(form(provider({}))), id);
+    expect(select).toMatch(/<option value="" selected="">/);
+  });
+
+  it("seeds the stored value", () => {
+    const select = selectMarkup(render(form(provider(stored("none")))), id);
+    expect(select).toMatch(/<option value="none" selected="">/);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ai/compat-provider-form.tsx b/src/components/settings/ai/compat-provider-form.tsx
index d584c10df..3e621cf2f 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/ai/compat-provider-form.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/ai/compat-provider-form.tsx
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@ import { apiPatch } from "@/lib/api/api-fetch";
 import { useTranslations } from "@/lib/i18n/context";
 import { aiInputDependentKeys, invalidateKeys } from "@/lib/query-keys";
 
-import { uiToLegacyProviderEnum, type UserAIProvider } from "./shared";
+import { ReasoningEffortField } from "./reasoning-effort-field";
+import {
+  uiToLegacyProviderEnum,
+  type ReasoningEffort,
+  type UserAIProvider,
+} from "./shared";
 
 export function CompatProviderForm({
   userProvider,
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@ export function CompatProviderForm({
   const [baseUrl, setBaseUrl] = useState("");
   const [apiKey, setApiKey] = useState("");
   const [model, setModel] = useState("");
+  const [reasoning, setReasoning] = useState<ReasoningEffort | null>(null);
   const [msg, setMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [ok, setOk] = useState(false);
   const submitInFlightRef = useRef(false);
@@ -40,13 +46,14 @@ export function CompatProviderForm({
   // render-time pattern the sibling forms use (no setState-in-effect).
   const seededKey =
     userProvider != null
-      ? `${userProvider.compatBaseUrl ?? ""}|${userProvider.compatModel ?? ""}`
+      ? `${userProvider.compatBaseUrl ?? ""}|${userProvider.compatModel ?? ""}|${userProvider.compatReasoningEffort ?? ""}`
       : null;
   const [previousSeed, setPreviousSeed] = useState<string | null>(null);
   if (seededKey && seededKey !== previousSeed) {
     setPreviousSeed(seededKey);
     setBaseUrl(userProvider?.compatBaseUrl ?? "");
     setModel(userProvider?.compatModel ?? "");
+    setReasoning(userProvider?.compatReasoningEffort ?? null);
   }
 
   const saveMutation = useMutation({
@@ -55,6 +62,7 @@ export function CompatProviderForm({
         provider: uiToLegacyProviderEnum("openai-compatible"),
         compatBaseUrl: baseUrl.trim() || null,
         compatModel: model.trim() || null,
+        compatReasoningEffort: reasoning,
       };
       if (apiKey.trim()) body.compatKey = apiKey.trim();
       await apiPatch("/api/user/ai-provider", body);
@@ -130,6 +138,11 @@ export function CompatProviderForm({
           {t("settings.ai.compat.modelHint")}
         </p>
       </div>
+      <ReasoningEffortField
+        id="ai-compat-reasoning"
+        value={reasoning}
+        onChange={setReasoning}
+      />
 
       <div>
         <Button
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ai/local-provider-form.tsx b/src/components/settings/ai/local-provider-form.tsx
index 63c1c5c68..58d255a2e 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/ai/local-provider-form.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/ai/local-provider-form.tsx
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ import { apiPatch } from "@/lib/api/api-fetch";
 import { useTranslations } from "@/lib/i18n/context";
 import { aiInputDependentKeys, invalidateKeys } from "@/lib/query-keys";
 
+import { ReasoningEffortField } from "./reasoning-effort-field";
 import {
   CUSTOM_MODEL_SENTINEL,
   LOCAL_MODEL_PRESETS,
   uiToLegacyProviderEnum,
+  type ReasoningEffort,
   type UserAIProvider,
 } from "./shared";
 
@@ -36,17 +38,20 @@ export function LocalProviderForm({
   const [apiKey, setApiKey] = useState("");
   const [modelChoice, setModelChoice] = useState<string>("");
   const [customModel, setCustomModel] = useState("");
+  const [reasoning, setReasoning] = useState<ReasoningEffort | null>(null);
   const [msg, setMsg] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [ok, setOk] = useState(false);
   const submitInFlightRef = useRef(false);
 
   const seededKey =
     userProvider != null
-      ? `${userProvider.provider ?? ""}|${userProvider.model ?? ""}|${userProvider.baseUrl ?? ""}`
+      ? `${userProvider.provider ?? ""}|${userProvider.model ?? ""}|${userProvider.baseUrl ?? ""}|${userProvider.localReasoningEffort ?? ""}`
       : null;
   const [previousSeed, setPreviousSeed] = useState<string | null>(null);
   if (seededKey && seededKey !== previousSeed) {
     setPreviousSeed(seededKey);
+    // Stored on the chain entry, so it seeds whichever provider is selected.
+    setReasoning(userProvider?.localReasoningEffort ?? null);
     if (userProvider?.provider === "LOCAL") {
       setBaseUrl(userProvider.baseUrl ?? "");
       const saved = userProvider.model ?? "";
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@ export function LocalProviderForm({
         provider: uiToLegacyProviderEnum("local"),
         baseUrl: baseUrl.trim() || null,
         model: effectiveModel || null,
+        localReasoningEffort: reasoning,
       };
       if (apiKey.trim()) body.localKey = apiKey.trim();
       await apiPatch("/api/user/ai-provider", body);
@@ -168,6 +174,11 @@ export function LocalProviderForm({
           />
         </div>
       )}
+      <ReasoningEffortField
+        id="ai-local-reasoning"
+        value={reasoning}
+        onChange={setReasoning}
+      />
 
       <div>
         <Button
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ai/reasoning-effort-field.tsx b/src/components/settings/ai/reasoning-effort-field.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9bae533f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/settings/ai/reasoning-effort-field.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"use client";
+
+/* ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ * Reasoning select (#1126) for the Local and OpenAI-compatible forms.
+ * Same Label + NativeSelect + hint layout as the model field above it.
+ * The empty value is Default: nothing is sent and the model decides.
+ * ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+import { Label } from "@/components/ui/label";
+import { NativeSelect } from "@/components/ui/native-select";
+import { useTranslations } from "@/lib/i18n/context";
+
+import type { ReasoningEffort } from "./shared";
+
+export function ReasoningEffortField({
+  id,
+  value,
+  onChange,
+}: {
+  id: string;
+  value: ReasoningEffort | null;
+  onChange: (next: ReasoningEffort | null) => void;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslations();
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Label htmlFor={id}>{t("settings.ai.reasoning.label")}</Label>
+      <NativeSelect
+        id={id}
+        value={value ?? ""}
+        onChange={(e) =>
+          onChange(
+            e.target.value === "" ? null : (e.target.value as ReasoningEffort),
+          )
+        }
+        className="mt-1"
+        aria-describedby={`${id}-hint`}
+      >
+        <option value="">{t("settings.ai.reasoning.options.default")}</option>
+        <option value="none">{t("settings.ai.reasoning.options.none")}</option>
+        <option value="low">{t("settings.ai.reasoning.options.low")}</option>
+        <option value="medium">
+          {t("settings.ai.reasoning.options.medium")}
+        </option>
+        <option value="high">{t("settings.ai.reasoning.options.high")}</option>
+      </NativeSelect>
+      <p id={`${id}-hint`} className="text-muted-foreground mt-1 text-xs">
+        {t("settings.ai.reasoning.hint")}
+      </p>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/src/components/settings/ai/shared.ts b/src/components/settings/ai/shared.ts
index 2b33eea1f..4c77c27a5 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/ai/shared.ts
+++ b/src/components/settings/ai/shared.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
  * this module under `src/components/settings/ai/`.
  */
 
+import type { ReasoningEffort } from "@/lib/ai/reasoning-effort";
+
 export interface InsightsSettings {
   codexStatus: string;
   codexConnectedAt: string | null;
@@ -40,8 +42,15 @@ export interface UserAIProvider {
   hasCompatKey: boolean;
   // v1.22 (#89) — per-user response timeout, in seconds (null = default).
   responseTimeoutSeconds: number | null;
+  // #1126 — reasoning setting of the Local and gateway entries (null =
+  // Default). Absent on a payload from a server older than the field.
+  localReasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffort | null;
+  compatReasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffort | null;
 }
 
+/** #1126 — the `reasoning_effort` values; "Off" is `none`. */
+export type { ReasoningEffort };
+
 /**
  * v1.4.16 phase B2 — provider tags exposed to the UI. Mirrors
  * `PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES` server-side; kept as a const-array here to
diff --git a/src/components/workouts/manual-workout-form.tsx b/src/components/workouts/manual-workout-form.tsx
index c849056e4..4455c83ae 100644
--- a/src/components/workouts/manual-workout-form.tsx
+++ b/src/components/workouts/manual-workout-form.tsx
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export function ManualWorkoutForm({
   // a submit after an edit updates the row the first submit stored.
   const [externalId] = useState(newManualWorkoutExternalId);
   const [draft, setDraft] = useState<ManualWorkoutDraft>(() =>
-    emptyManualWorkoutDraft(new Date(), timezone),
+    emptyManualWorkoutDraft(),
   );
   const [errors, setErrors] = useState<
     Partial<Record<ManualWorkoutField, string>>
diff --git a/src/lib/__tests__/idempotency.test.ts b/src/lib/__tests__/idempotency.test.ts
index 61494372e..37efb2d1c 100644
--- a/src/lib/__tests__/idempotency.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/__tests__/idempotency.test.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ import {
   withIdempotency,
   defaultUserIdResolver,
   isCachableStatus,
+  canonicalJson,
+  requestFingerprint,
 } from "../idempotency";
 import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
 import { getSession } from "@/lib/auth/session";
@@ -81,6 +83,13 @@ function makeRequest(
   });
 }
 
+/** The fingerprint `makeRequest("POST", …)` produces. */
+const OK_BODY_FINGERPRINT = requestFingerprint(
+  "POST",
+  "/api/example",
+  new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify({ ok: true })),
+);
+
 beforeEach(() => {
   vi.resetAllMocks();
   vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.findUnique).mockResolvedValue(null);
@@ -144,6 +153,11 @@ describe("withIdempotency", () => {
         data: { responseBody: string; responseStatus: number };
       }
     ).data;
+    const claimedFingerprint = (
+      vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.create).mock.calls[0][0] as {
+        data: { requestFingerprint: string };
+      }
+    ).data.requestFingerprint;
 
     // Second call: cache hit returns persisted envelope.
     vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.findUnique).mockResolvedValueOnce({
@@ -152,6 +166,7 @@ describe("withIdempotency", () => {
       key: "abc-12345678",
       method: "POST",
       path: "/api/example",
+      requestFingerprint: claimedFingerprint,
       responseStatus: persistedBody.responseStatus,
       responseBody: persistedBody.responseBody,
       expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 86_400_000),
@@ -296,6 +311,7 @@ describe("withIdempotency concurrency claim (A3)", () => {
       key: "abc-12345678",
       method: "POST",
       path: "/api/example",
+      requestFingerprint: OK_BODY_FINGERPRINT,
       responseStatus: 0,
       responseBody: "",
       expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000),
@@ -928,3 +944,227 @@ describe("the record-session fence sits above the replay cache", () => {
     expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 });
+
+describe("request fingerprint", () => {
+  const enc = (text: string) => new TextEncoder().encode(text);
+
+  it("sorts object keys recursively and keeps array order", () => {
+    expect(canonicalJson({ b: 1, a: { d: [3, 1], c: null } })).toBe(
+      '{"a":{"c":null,"d":[3,1]},"b":1}',
+    );
+    expect(canonicalJson([{ y: 1, x: 2 }, "s"])).toBe('[{"x":2,"y":1},"s"]');
+  });
+
+  it("treats the same JSON object in a different key order as one request", () => {
+    const a = requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc('{"type":"X","value":1}'));
+    const b = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/p",
+      enc('{ "value": 1, "type": "X" }'),
+    );
+    expect(a).toBe(b);
+    expect(a).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
+  });
+
+  it("tells nested values and array order apart", () => {
+    const base = requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc('{"a":{"b":[1,2]}}'));
+    expect(requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc('{"a":{"b":[2,1]}}'))).not.toBe(
+      base,
+    );
+    expect(requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc('{"a":{"b":[1,3]}}'))).not.toBe(
+      base,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("tells the two halves of a blood pressure apart", () => {
+    const sys = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/api/measurements",
+      enc('{"type":"BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS","value":120}'),
+    );
+    const dia = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/api/measurements",
+      enc('{"type":"BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA","value":80}'),
+    );
+    expect(sys).not.toBe(dia);
+  });
+
+  it("reads a rebuilt multipart form with a fresh boundary as the same upload", () => {
+    const form = (boundary: string, name: string) =>
+      enc(
+        `--${boundary}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="${name}"\r\nContent-Type: application/pdf\r\n\r\n%PDF-1.4 body\r\n--${boundary}--\r\n`,
+      );
+    const type = (boundary: string) =>
+      `multipart/form-data; boundary=${boundary}`;
+    const first = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/api/documents",
+      form("----formdata-a1", "brief.pdf"),
+      null,
+      type("----formdata-a1"),
+    );
+    const retry = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/api/documents",
+      form("----formdata-b2", "brief.pdf"),
+      null,
+      type("----formdata-b2"),
+    );
+    expect(retry).toBe(first);
+    const other = requestFingerprint(
+      "POST",
+      "/api/documents",
+      form("----formdata-b2", "other.pdf"),
+      null,
+      type("----formdata-b2"),
+    );
+    expect(other).not.toBe(first);
+  });
+
+  it("hashes a non-JSON or empty body as its raw bytes", () => {
+    const text = requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc("not json"));
+    expect(text).toBe(requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc("not json")));
+    expect(text).not.toBe(requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", enc("not json!")));
+    const empty = requestFingerprint("DELETE", "/p", new Uint8Array());
+    expect(empty).toBe(requestFingerprint("DELETE", "/p", new Uint8Array()));
+    expect(empty).not.toBe(text);
+    // Invalid UTF-8 is raw bytes, not an error.
+    expect(() =>
+      requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xfe])),
+    ).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("is scoped by method and path", () => {
+    const body = enc('{"a":1}');
+    const base = requestFingerprint("POST", "/p", body);
+    expect(requestFingerprint("PUT", "/p", body)).not.toBe(base);
+    expect(requestFingerprint("POST", "/q", body)).not.toBe(base);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("withIdempotency with a different body under one key", () => {
+  function postWith(body: unknown): NextRequest {
+    return new NextRequest("http://localhost/api/example", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: {
+        "content-type": "application/json",
+        "idempotency-key": "abc-12345678",
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    });
+  }
+
+  function liveRow(fingerprint: string | null, responseStatus: number) {
+    return {
+      id: "idem-1",
+      userId: "u-1",
+      key: "abc-12345678",
+      method: "POST",
+      path: "/api/example",
+      requestFingerprint: fingerprint,
+      responseStatus,
+      responseBody: "",
+      expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000),
+      createdAt: new Date(),
+    } as never;
+  }
+
+  it.each([
+    ["a completed row for another body", "f".repeat(64), 201],
+    ["an in-flight claim for another body", "f".repeat(64), 0],
+    ["a legacy row without a fingerprint", null, 201],
+  ])(
+    "runs the handler without claiming or caching over %s",
+    async (_label, fingerprint, status) => {
+      vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.findUnique).mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        liveRow(fingerprint, status),
+      );
+      const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+        NextResponse.json({ data: "dia", error: null }, { status: 201 }),
+      );
+      const wrapped = withIdempotency<[NextRequest]>(
+        handler,
+        async () => "u-1",
+      );
+      const res = await wrapped(postWith({ type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA" }));
+
+      expect(res.status).toBe(201);
+      expect(res.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBeNull();
+      expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.updateMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.deleteMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.delete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("runs the handler when a racing claim for another body wins the insert", async () => {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.create).mockRejectedValueOnce(
+      Object.assign(new Error("unique"), { code: "P2002" }),
+    );
+    // First lookup: nothing yet. Second, after the collision: the other body.
+    vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.findUnique)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(liveRow("f".repeat(64), 0));
+    const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+      NextResponse.json({ data: "dia", error: null }, { status: 201 }),
+    );
+    const wrapped = withIdempotency<[NextRequest]>(handler, async () => "u-1");
+    const res = await wrapped(postWith({ type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA" }));
+
+    expect(res.status).toBe(201);
+    expect(handler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.updateMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("stores the fingerprint, never the body, on the claim", async () => {
+    const handler = vi.fn(async () =>
+      NextResponse.json({ data: "ok", error: null }, { status: 201 }),
+    );
+    const wrapped = withIdempotency<[NextRequest]>(handler, async () => "u-1");
+    await wrapped(postWith({ type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 123 }));
+
+    const claim = (
+      vi.mocked(prisma.idempotencyKey.create).mock.calls[0][0] as {
+        data: Record<string, unknown>;
+      }
+    ).data;
+    expect(claim.requestFingerprint).toBe(
+      requestFingerprint(
+        "POST",
+        "/api/example",
+        new TextEncoder().encode(
+          JSON.stringify({ type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 123 }),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(JSON.stringify(claim)).not.toContain("BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS");
+  });
+
+  it("leaves the body readable for the handler", async () => {
+    const handler = vi.fn(async (req: NextRequest) =>
+      NextResponse.json({ data: await req.json(), error: null }),
+    );
+    const wrapped = withIdempotency<[NextRequest]>(handler, async () => "u-1");
+    const res = await wrapped(postWith({ type: "WEIGHT", value: 70 }));
+    expect((await res.json()).data).toEqual({ type: "WEIGHT", value: 70 });
+  });
+
+  it("reads at most a bounded prefix of a large body and still hands the whole body on", async () => {
+    const big = "x".repeat(3 * 1024 * 1024);
+    const handler = vi.fn(async (req: NextRequest) =>
+      NextResponse.json({ data: (await req.text()).length, error: null }),
+    );
+    const wrapped = withIdempotency<[NextRequest]>(handler, async () => "u-1");
+    const res = await wrapped(
+      new NextRequest("http://localhost/api/example", {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "idempotency-key": "abc-12345678" },
+        body: big,
+      }),
+    );
+    expect((await res.json()).data).toBe(big.length);
+    expect(prisma.idempotencyKey.create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/json-dialect.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/json-dialect.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..427909c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/json-dialect.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { isResponseFormatRejection } from "../json-dialect";
+
+describe("isResponseFormatRejection", () => {
+  it("reads a complaint about response_format as a JSON-mode rejection", () => {
+    expect(
+      isResponseFormatRejection(400, "Unsupported value: 'response_format'"),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(isResponseFormatRejection(422, "unknown parameter")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("does not read a complaint about reasoning_effort as one", () => {
+    expect(
+      isResponseFormatRejection(
+        400,
+        "Unrecognized request argument supplied: reasoning_effort",
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      isResponseFormatRejection(400, "unknown field `reasoning effort`"),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("still flips when both fields are named", () => {
+    expect(
+      isResponseFormatRejection(
+        400,
+        "unknown parameters: response_format, reasoning_effort",
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores server errors", () => {
+    expect(isResponseFormatRejection(500, "response_format")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/provider-reasoning-effort.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/provider-reasoning-effort.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0da8b93c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/provider-reasoning-effort.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/**
+ * #1126 — every exported resolver hands out providers carrying their own
+ * chain entry's reasoning setting, and the request each one then sends
+ * carries exactly that value. A chain mixing a thinking model with one that
+ * does not know the field is the case the setting exists for.
+ */
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
+  prisma: {
+    user: { findUnique: vi.fn(), update: vi.fn() },
+    appSettings: { findUnique: vi.fn() },
+  },
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/crypto", () => ({
+  decrypt: vi.fn((v: string) => `decrypted:${v}`),
+  encrypt: vi.fn((v: string) => `encrypted:${v}`),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("@/lib/logging/context")>()),
+  annotate: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/safe-fetch", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("@/lib/safe-fetch")>()),
+  safeFetch: (url: string, init: RequestInit) => fetch(url, init),
+}));
+
+import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
+import {
+  resolveProvider,
+  resolveProviderChain,
+  resolveProviderForTest,
+} from "../provider";
+import { resetLocalJsonDialectCache } from "../local-client";
+import { singleUserTurn, type AIProvider } from "../types";
+
+const ROW = {
+  aiProvider: "LOCAL",
+  aiModel: "gemma4:12b",
+  aiBaseUrl: "https://ollama.example.org/v1",
+  aiAnthropicKeyEncrypted: null,
+  aiLocalKeyEncrypted: null,
+  aiOpenaiKeyEncrypted: "openai-key",
+  aiCompatBaseUrl: "https://gateway.example.org/v1",
+  aiCompatKeyEncrypted: null,
+  aiCompatModel: "llama3",
+  role: "USER",
+  useCentralCodex: false,
+  managedProfileAt: null,
+  aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: null,
+};
+
+function withChain(aiProviderChain: unknown) {
+  vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+    ...ROW,
+    aiProviderChain,
+  } as never);
+  vi.mocked(prisma.appSettings.findUnique).mockResolvedValue(null as never);
+}
+
+const MIXED = [
+  {
+    providerType: "local",
+    priority: 1,
+    enabled: true,
+    reasoningEffort: "none",
+  },
+  { providerType: "openai-compatible", priority: 2, enabled: true },
+  { providerType: "openai", priority: 3, enabled: true },
+];
+
+/** The `reasoning_effort` the provider actually puts on the wire. */
+async function sentEffort(provider: AIProvider): Promise<unknown> {
+  const mock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    ok: true,
+    json: () =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        choices: [{ message: { content: "ok" }, finish_reason: "stop" }],
+        usage: { total_tokens: 1 },
+      }),
+  });
+  vi.stubGlobal("fetch", mock);
+  await provider.generateCompletion(singleUserTurn({ system: "s", user: "u" }));
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  const body = JSON.parse(mock.mock.calls[0][1].body as string);
+  return "reasoning_effort" in body ? body.reasoning_effort : "(absent)";
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.resetAllMocks();
+  resetLocalJsonDialectCache();
+});
+
+describe("resolveProviderChain binds each entry's own setting", () => {
+  it("a mixed chain sends none, nothing, nothing", async () => {
+    withChain(MIXED);
+    const chain = await resolveProviderChain("user-1");
+    expect(chain.map((e) => e.providerType)).toEqual([
+      "local",
+      "openai-compatible",
+      "openai",
+    ]);
+    expect(chain.map((e) => e.instance.reasoningEffort)).toEqual([
+      "none",
+      null,
+      null,
+    ]);
+    const sent = [];
+    for (const entry of chain) sent.push(await sentEffort(entry.instance));
+    expect(sent).toEqual(["none", "(absent)", "(absent)"]);
+  });
+
+  it("the gateway's own value reaches the gateway", async () => {
+    withChain([
+      { providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai-compatible",
+        priority: 2,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "high",
+      },
+    ]);
+    const chain = await resolveProviderChain("user-1");
+    expect(await sentEffort(chain[0].instance)).toBe("(absent)");
+    expect(await sentEffort(chain[1].instance)).toBe("high");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resolveProvider", () => {
+  it("binds the selected Local provider's setting", async () => {
+    withChain(MIXED);
+    const provider = await resolveProvider("user-1");
+    expect(provider.type).toBe("local");
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("reaches a selected gateway whose value sits on a disabled entry", async () => {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      ...ROW,
+      aiProvider: "OPENAI_COMPATIBLE",
+      aiProviderChain: [
+        { providerType: "codex", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+        {
+          providerType: "openai-compatible",
+          priority: 2,
+          enabled: false,
+          reasoningEffort: "low",
+        },
+      ],
+    } as never);
+    const provider = await resolveProvider("user-1");
+    expect(provider.type).toBe("openai-compatible");
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("low");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resolveProviderForTest — the test button runs with the setting", () => {
+  it("testing the saved config (empty body) uses the saved provider's entry", async () => {
+    withChain(MIXED);
+    const provider = await resolveProviderForTest("user-1", {});
+    expect(provider.type).toBe("local");
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("with no provider selected, the test runs the chain head with its value", async () => {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      ...ROW,
+      aiProvider: null,
+      aiProviderChain: MIXED,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(prisma.appSettings.findUnique).mockResolvedValue(null as never);
+    const provider = await resolveProviderForTest("user-1", {});
+    expect(provider.type).toBe("local");
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("testing a named Local provider uses its entry's value", async () => {
+    withChain(MIXED);
+    const provider = await resolveProviderForTest("user-1", {
+      provider: "LOCAL",
+    });
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("testing the personal OpenAI key never sends it", async () => {
+    withChain(MIXED);
+    const provider = await resolveProviderForTest("user-1", {
+      provider: "OPENAI",
+    });
+    expect(await sentEffort(provider)).toBe("(absent)");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..420c88bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/reasoning-effort.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/**
+ * #1126 — the per-entry reasoning setting on the wire and in the schemas.
+ *
+ * Default must leave the request body byte-identical to what a setup that
+ * never touched the setting has always sent, so the Default cases compare the
+ * whole body string against a literal captured before the setting existed.
+ * Every other choice adds exactly one key, `reasoning_effort`, and only on the
+ * Local client and the OpenAI-compatible gateway.
+ */
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+vi.mock("../local-host-allowlist", () => ({
+  aiEgressPolicyFor: () => ({}),
+  isLocalAiHostAllowed: () => false,
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({ annotate: vi.fn() }));
+// The pinned tags dial through undici's own fetch; route every call to the
+// stubbed global so the body can be read whatever the egress policy.
+vi.mock("@/lib/safe-fetch", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("@/lib/safe-fetch")>()),
+  safeFetch: (url: string, init: RequestInit) => fetch(url, init),
+}));
+
+import { bindReasoningEffort, reasoningEffortFor } from "../reasoning-effort";
+import {
+  LocalOpenAICompatibleClient,
+  resetLocalJsonDialectCache,
+} from "../local-client";
+import { OpenAIClient } from "../openai-client";
+import { AnthropicClient } from "../anthropic-client";
+import {
+  chainWithReasoningEffort,
+  parseProviderChain,
+  PROVIDER_CHAIN_DEFAULT,
+  serializeProviderChain,
+} from "../provider-chain";
+import { singleUserTurn, type AIProvider } from "../types";
+import {
+  aiProviderPatchSchema,
+  providerChainEntrySchema,
+  providerChainPutSchema,
+} from "@/lib/validations/ai-provider";
+
+const PARAMS = {
+  ...singleUserTurn({ system: "s", user: "u" }),
+  maxTokens: 250,
+};
+
+function okFetch(content = "ok") {
+  const mock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    ok: true,
+    json: () =>
+      Promise.resolve({
+        choices: [{ message: { content }, finish_reason: "stop" }],
+        usage: { total_tokens: 5 },
+      }),
+  });
+  vi.stubGlobal("fetch", mock);
+  return mock;
+}
+
+function sentBody(mock: ReturnType<typeof okFetch>): string {
+  return mock.mock.calls[0][1].body as string;
+}
+
+function localClient() {
+  return new LocalOpenAICompatibleClient({
+    apiKey: null,
+    model: "gemma4:12b",
+    baseUrl: "http://ollama.example.org:11434/v1",
+  });
+}
+
+function gatewayClient() {
+  return new OpenAIClient({
+    apiKey: "",
+    model: "qwen3",
+    baseUrl: "https://gateway.example.org/v1",
+    providerType: "openai-compatible",
+  });
+}
+
+// Captured from the clients before the setting existed. Default must keep
+// sending exactly this.
+const LOCAL_BODY_BEFORE =
+  '{"model":"gemma4:12b","messages":[{"role":"system","content":"s"},{"role":"user","content":"Return strict JSON only, no markdown, no commentary.\\n\\nu"}],"temperature":0.3,"max_tokens":250}';
+const GATEWAY_BODY_BEFORE =
+  '{"model":"qwen3","messages":[{"role":"system","content":"s"},{"role":"user","content":"u"}],"max_tokens":250,"temperature":0.3}';
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  resetLocalJsonDialectCache();
+});
+
+describe("Local client", () => {
+  it("Default sends the body it always sent, byte for byte", async () => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    await localClient().generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+    expect(sentBody(mock)).toBe(LOCAL_BODY_BEFORE);
+    expect(JSON.parse(sentBody(mock))).not.toHaveProperty("reasoning_effort");
+  });
+
+  it("Off sends reasoning_effort none and nothing else new", async () => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    const client = localClient();
+    client.reasoningEffort = "none";
+    await client.generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+    const body = JSON.parse(sentBody(mock));
+    expect(body.reasoning_effort).toBe("none");
+    const { reasoning_effort: _dropped, ...rest } = body;
+    expect(JSON.stringify(rest)).toBe(LOCAL_BODY_BEFORE);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["low", "medium", "high"] as const)("%s is sent as is", async (v) => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    const client = localClient();
+    client.reasoningEffort = v;
+    await client.generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+    expect(JSON.parse(sentBody(mock)).reasoning_effort).toBe(v);
+  });
+
+  it("the streaming request carries it too", async () => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    const client = localClient();
+    client.reasoningEffort = "none";
+    // A buffered answer to a stream request falls back cleanly; only the
+    // first request body matters here.
+    await client.generateCompletionStream(PARAMS, () => {}).catch(() => {});
+    const body = JSON.parse(sentBody(mock));
+    expect(body.stream).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.reasoning_effort).toBe("none");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("OpenAI-compatible gateway", () => {
+  it("Default sends the body it always sent, byte for byte", async () => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    await gatewayClient().generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+    expect(sentBody(mock)).toBe(GATEWAY_BODY_BEFORE);
+  });
+
+  it("Off sends reasoning_effort none", async () => {
+    const mock = okFetch();
+    const client = gatewayClient();
+    client.reasoningEffort = "none";
+    await client.generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+    expect(JSON.parse(sentBody(mock)).reasoning_effort).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("the OpenAI and Codex tags never send it, whatever is stamped", async () => {
+    for (const providerType of ["admin-key", "codex"] as const) {
+      vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+      const mock = okFetch();
+      const client = new OpenAIClient({
+        apiKey: "k",
+        model: "gpt-4o",
+        baseUrl: "https://gateway.example.org/v1",
+        providerType,
+      });
+      client.reasoningEffort = "high";
+      await client.generateCompletion(PARAMS);
+      expect(JSON.parse(sentBody(mock))).not.toHaveProperty("reasoning_effort");
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("bindReasoningEffort", () => {
+  const chain = [
+    {
+      providerType: "local",
+      priority: 1,
+      enabled: true,
+      reasoningEffort: "none",
+    },
+    {
+      providerType: "openai-compatible",
+      priority: 2,
+      enabled: true,
+      reasoningEffort: "high",
+    },
+    { providerType: "openai", priority: 3, enabled: true },
+  ];
+
+  it("stamps each entry's own value, keyed on the instance type", () => {
+    expect(bindReasoningEffort(localClient(), chain).reasoningEffort).toBe(
+      "none",
+    );
+    expect(bindReasoningEffort(gatewayClient(), chain).reasoningEffort).toBe(
+      "high",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("stamps null on every other provider", () => {
+    const openai = new OpenAIClient({
+      apiKey: "k",
+      model: "gpt-4o",
+      baseUrl: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+    });
+    const anthropic: AIProvider = new AnthropicClient({
+      apiKey: "k",
+      model: "m",
+    });
+    expect(bindReasoningEffort(openai, chain).reasoningEffort).toBeNull();
+    expect(bindReasoningEffort(anthropic, chain).reasoningEffort).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("stamps null for a chain that was never customised", () => {
+    expect(bindReasoningEffort(localClient(), null).reasoningEffort).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("the stored chain", () => {
+  it("keeps a valid value on local / openai-compatible and drops it elsewhere", () => {
+    const parsed = parseProviderChain([
+      {
+        providerType: "local",
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+      },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai",
+        priority: 2,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+      },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai-compatible",
+        priority: 3,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "max",
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(parsed.map((e) => e.reasoningEffort)).toEqual([
+      "low",
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+    ]);
+    expect(serializeProviderChain(parsed)).toBe(
+      '[{"providerType":"local","priority":1,"enabled":true,"reasoningEffort":"low"},{"providerType":"openai","priority":2,"enabled":true},{"providerType":"openai-compatible","priority":3,"enabled":true}]',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("serialises a chain without the setting exactly as before", () => {
+    expect(serializeProviderChain(PROVIDER_CHAIN_DEFAULT)).not.toContain(
+      "reasoningEffort",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("materialises the default chain to hold a value", () => {
+    const next = chainWithReasoningEffort(null, "local", "none");
+    expect(next.map((e) => e.providerType)).toEqual(
+      PROVIDER_CHAIN_DEFAULT.map((e) => e.providerType),
+    );
+    expect(reasoningEffortFor(next, "local")).toBe("none");
+  });
+
+  it("holds a value for a provider absent from the chain on a disabled entry", () => {
+    const stored = [{ providerType: "codex", priority: 7, enabled: true }];
+    const next = chainWithReasoningEffort(stored, "openai-compatible", "high");
+    expect(next).toEqual([
+      { providerType: "codex", priority: 7, enabled: true },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai-compatible",
+        priority: 8,
+        enabled: false,
+        reasoningEffort: "high",
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("clears without adding an entry", () => {
+    const stored = [
+      {
+        providerType: "local",
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+      },
+    ];
+    expect(chainWithReasoningEffort(stored, "local", null)).toEqual([
+      { providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true },
+    ]);
+    expect(chainWithReasoningEffort(stored, "openai-compatible", null)).toEqual(
+      [
+        {
+          providerType: "local",
+          priority: 1,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort: "low",
+        },
+      ],
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("schemas", () => {
+  const VALUES = [null, "none", "low", "medium", "high"] as const;
+
+  it.each(["local", "openai-compatible"])(
+    "a %s chain entry accepts Default, Off, Low, Medium and High",
+    (providerType) => {
+      for (const reasoningEffort of VALUES) {
+        expect(
+          providerChainEntrySchema.safeParse({
+            providerType,
+            enabled: true,
+            reasoningEffort,
+          }).success,
+        ).toBe(true);
+      }
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("refuses a value outside the five", () => {
+    expect(
+      providerChainEntrySchema.safeParse({
+        providerType: "local",
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "max",
+      }).success,
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["openai", "anthropic", "codex", "admin-openai", "admin-codex"])(
+    "refuses the setting on a %s entry, null included",
+    (providerType) => {
+      for (const reasoningEffort of VALUES) {
+        const result = providerChainEntrySchema.safeParse({
+          providerType,
+          enabled: true,
+          reasoningEffort,
+        });
+        expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+        expect(result.error?.issues[0].path).toEqual(["reasoningEffort"]);
+      }
+      expect(
+        providerChainEntrySchema.safeParse({ providerType, enabled: true })
+          .success,
+      ).toBe(true);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("the chain body still accepts a chain without the setting", () => {
+    expect(
+      providerChainPutSchema.safeParse({
+        chain: [{ providerType: "local", priority: 1, enabled: true }],
+      }).success,
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("the provider PATCH accepts the five values for both entries", () => {
+    for (const v of VALUES) {
+      expect(
+        aiProviderPatchSchema.safeParse({
+          localReasoningEffort: v,
+          compatReasoningEffort: v,
+        }).success,
+      ).toBe(true);
+    }
+    expect(
+      aiProviderPatchSchema.safeParse({ localReasoningEffort: "max" }).success,
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/json-dialect.ts b/src/lib/ai/json-dialect.ts
index f63a5a481..0c1859105 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/json-dialect.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/json-dialect.ts
@@ -56,13 +56,21 @@ export function resetJsonModeDialectCache(): void {
 /**
  * True when a 4xx error body reads as "this endpoint rejects the
  * `response_format` field" — either it names the field outright or it
- * complains about an unknown/unexpected parameter.
+ * complains about an unknown/unexpected parameter. A complaint that names
+ * `reasoning_effort` and not `response_format` is about the reasoning field,
+ * so it must not switch the endpoint's JSON mode off.
  */
 export function isResponseFormatRejection(
   status: number,
   bodyExcerpt: string,
 ): boolean {
   if (status < 400 || status >= 500) return false;
+  if (
+    /reasoning[\s_-]*effort/i.test(bodyExcerpt) &&
+    !/response_format/i.test(bodyExcerpt)
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return (
     /response_format/i.test(bodyExcerpt) ||
     /(unknown|unexpected|unrecognized|unsupported|extra)[\s_-]*(parameter|field|argument|property|key)/i.test(
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/local-client.ts b/src/lib/ai/local-client.ts
index 27c96df89..e753050ef 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/local-client.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/local-client.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import {
   resetJsonModeDialectCache,
   type JsonModeDialect,
 } from "./json-dialect";
+import type { ReasoningEffort } from "./reasoning-effort";
 
 interface LocalClientConfig {
   apiKey?: string | null;
@@ -108,6 +109,8 @@ export class LocalOpenAICompatibleClient implements AIProvider {
   readonly type = "local" as const;
   /** See `AIProvider.responseTimeoutSeconds`; stamped by the resolver. */
   responseTimeoutSeconds: number | null = null;
+  /** See `AIProvider.reasoningEffort`; stamped by the resolver. */
+  reasoningEffort: ReasoningEffort | null = null;
   /** Local servers commonly reject an unknown `tools` field — never send it. */
   readonly supportsTools = false;
   private config: LocalClientConfig;
@@ -164,6 +167,12 @@ export class LocalOpenAICompatibleClient implements AIProvider {
       // most OpenAI-compatible local servers honour it; servers that
       // ignore it simply disregard the field. Omitted when unset.
       ...(params.seed !== undefined ? { seed: params.seed } : {}),
+      // #1126 — the entry's reasoning setting. Default sends nothing, so the
+      // body of a setup that never touched it stays byte-identical; "Off" is
+      // `none`, which stops a thinking model spending the answer budget.
+      ...(this.reasoningEffort
+        ? { reasoning_effort: this.reasoningEffort }
+        : {}),
       // v1.28.28 (#470) — the JSON surfaces opt in via `responseFormat:
       // "json"`. Default dialect sends the STANDARD OpenAI field (the
       // top-level Ollama-native `format: "json"` this client used to send
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/openai-client.ts b/src/lib/ai/openai-client.ts
index 63464563c..f54ea1bf1 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/openai-client.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/openai-client.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   rememberJsonModeDialect,
 } from "./json-dialect";
 import { aiEgressPolicyFor } from "./local-host-allowlist";
+import type { ReasoningEffort } from "./reasoning-effort";
 import {
   buildOpenAIMessages,
   buildOpenAITools,
@@ -62,6 +63,11 @@ export class OpenAIClient implements AIProvider {
   readonly type: OpenAIProviderType;
   /** See `AIProvider.responseTimeoutSeconds`; stamped by the resolver. */
   responseTimeoutSeconds: number | null = null;
+  /**
+   * See `AIProvider.reasoningEffort`; stamped by the resolver. Only the
+   * gateway tag ever sends it (`isGateway` below), whatever is stamped here.
+   */
+  reasoningEffort: ReasoningEffort | null = null;
   private config: OpenAIClientConfig;
 
   constructor(config: OpenAIClientConfig) {
@@ -150,6 +156,11 @@ export class OpenAIClient implements AIProvider {
             : {}),
           ...(tools ? { tools } : {}),
           ...(params.toolChoice ? { tool_choice: params.toolChoice } : {}),
+          // #1126 — the gateway entry's reasoning setting; Default sends
+          // nothing. `api.openai.com` and Codex never get it.
+          ...(this.isGateway && this.reasoningEffort
+            ? { reasoning_effort: this.reasoningEffort }
+            : {}),
         }),
       },
       // 60 s ceiling so a tar-pit upstream cannot pin a worker
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/provider-chain.ts b/src/lib/ai/provider-chain.ts
index 6a92ad27a..ccfa8409d 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/provider-chain.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/provider-chain.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
  * `PROVIDER_CHAIN_DEFAULT`.
  */
 
+import {
+  isReasoningEffort,
+  isReasoningProviderType,
+  type ReasoningEffort,
+  type ReasoningProviderType,
+} from "./reasoning-effort";
+
 /**
  * Provider tags used in the chain. `admin-openai` is the legacy
  * `AppSettings.adminAiKeyEncrypted` fallback (so misconfigured users
@@ -63,6 +70,8 @@ export interface ProviderChainEntry {
   providerType: ProviderChainType;
   priority: number;
   enabled: boolean;
+  /** Only ever set on a `REASONING_PROVIDER_TYPES` entry. Absent = Default. */
+  reasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffort;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -113,6 +122,7 @@ export function parseProviderChain(
       providerType?: unknown;
       priority?: unknown;
       enabled?: unknown;
+      reasoningEffort?: unknown;
     };
     const providerType = candidate.providerType;
     if (typeof providerType !== "string") continue;
@@ -128,10 +138,18 @@ export function parseProviderChain(
         : valid.length + 1;
     const enabled =
       typeof candidate.enabled === "boolean" ? candidate.enabled : true;
+    // A reasoning effort survives only on an entry that may carry one and
+    // only with a known value; anything else reads as Default.
+    const reasoningEffort =
+      isReasoningProviderType(providerType) &&
+      isReasoningEffort(candidate.reasoningEffort)
+        ? candidate.reasoningEffort
+        : undefined;
     valid.push({
       providerType: providerType as ProviderChainType,
       priority,
       enabled,
+      ...(reasoningEffort ? { reasoningEffort } : {}),
     });
   }
 
@@ -153,6 +171,39 @@ export function serializeProviderChain(
       providerType: e.providerType,
       priority: e.priority,
       enabled: e.enabled,
+      ...(e.reasoningEffort ? { reasoningEffort: e.reasoningEffort } : {}),
     })),
   );
 }
+
+/**
+ * The chain to persist after setting (or, with `null`, clearing) one entry's
+ * reasoning effort from that provider's own settings form.
+ *
+ * The setting lives on the chain entry, so a chain that was never customised
+ * is materialised from the default first. A provider that is not in the chain
+ * at all gets a DISABLED entry to hold the value: the setting must reach the
+ * provider when it is resolved as the selected one, and a disabled entry is
+ * inert everywhere else (every reader filters on `enabled`). Clearing on an
+ * absent entry writes nothing new.
+ */
+export function chainWithReasoningEffort(
+  rawChain: unknown,
+  providerType: ReasoningProviderType,
+  effort: ReasoningEffort | null,
+): ProviderChainEntry[] {
+  const chain = parseProviderChain(rawChain).map((e) => ({ ...e }));
+  const entry = chain.find((e) => e.providerType === providerType);
+  if (entry) {
+    if (effort) entry.reasoningEffort = effort;
+    else delete entry.reasoningEffort;
+  } else if (effort) {
+    chain.push({
+      providerType,
+      priority: Math.max(0, ...chain.map((e) => e.priority)) + 1,
+      enabled: false,
+      reasoningEffort: effort,
+    });
+  }
+  return chain;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/provider.ts b/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
index 89bc856a0..a88e6e5ad 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { AIProvider, CompletionResult } from "./types";
 import { bindResponseTimeout } from "./effective-timeout";
+import { bindReasoningEffort } from "./reasoning-effort";
 import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
 import { decrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
 import { CodexClient, resolveCodexVisionSlug } from "./codex-client";
@@ -501,13 +502,19 @@ export async function resolveProvider(userId: string): Promise<AIProvider> {
       role: true,
       managedProfileAt: true,
       aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: true,
+      aiProviderChain: true,
     },
   });
   // The record's response-timeout setting rides on whatever this returns, on
   // every branch, the operator-key fallback for a managed profile included:
-  // the person waiting on the record is who the call serves.
+  // the person waiting on the record is who the call serves. The reasoning
+  // effort (#1126) rides the same way; it only lands on a Local or gateway
+  // instance, so the operator fallback never picks one up.
   const bind = (provider: AIProvider): AIProvider =>
-    bindResponseTimeout(provider, userRow?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds);
+    bindReasoningEffort(
+      bindResponseTimeout(provider, userRow?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds),
+      userRow?.aiProviderChain,
+    );
   const policy = providerCredentialPolicy(
     authority,
     userRow?.managedProfileAt ?? null,
@@ -533,18 +540,23 @@ export async function resolveProvider(userId: string): Promise<AIProvider> {
 }
 
 /**
- * The record owner's `aiResponseTimeoutSeconds`, for `resolveProviderForTest`,
- * whose many branches (saved config, unsaved override, the chain) are bound in
- * one place on the way out. The other two resolvers read it with their row.
+ * The record owner's `aiResponseTimeoutSeconds` and `aiProviderChain`, for
+ * `resolveProviderForTest`, whose many branches (saved config, unsaved
+ * override, the chain) are bound in one place on the way out. The other two
+ * resolvers read them with their row.
  */
-async function readResponseTimeoutSeconds(
-  userId: string,
-): Promise<number | null> {
+async function readBoundSettings(userId: string): Promise<{
+  aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: number | null;
+  aiProviderChain: unknown;
+}> {
   const row = await prisma.user.findUnique({
     where: { id: userId },
-    select: { aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: true },
+    select: { aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: true, aiProviderChain: true },
   });
-  return row?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds ?? null;
+  return {
+    aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: row?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds ?? null,
+    aiProviderChain: row?.aiProviderChain ?? null,
+  };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -595,9 +607,12 @@ export async function resolveProviderChain(
       aiResponseTimeoutSeconds: true,
     },
   });
-  // See `resolveProvider`: every instance carries the record's setting.
+  // See `resolveProvider`: every instance carries the record's settings.
   const bind = (provider: AIProvider): AIProvider =>
-    bindResponseTimeout(provider, userRow?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds);
+    bindReasoningEffort(
+      bindResponseTimeout(provider, userRow?.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds),
+      userRow?.aiProviderChain,
+    );
   const policy = providerCredentialPolicy(
     authority,
     userRow?.managedProfileAt ?? null,
@@ -1184,10 +1199,13 @@ export async function resolveProviderForTest(
 ): Promise<AIProvider> {
   // The test runs under the same timeout generation would, so a slow local
   // model that needs a raised setting is not reported as dead by the test.
+  // The same holds for the entry's reasoning effort (#1126): a thinking model
+  // that only answers with reasoning switched off must test green with it off.
   const provider = await resolveProviderForTestUnbound(userId, override);
-  return bindResponseTimeout(
-    provider,
-    await readResponseTimeoutSeconds(userId),
+  const settings = await readBoundSettings(userId);
+  return bindReasoningEffort(
+    bindResponseTimeout(provider, settings.aiResponseTimeoutSeconds),
+    settings.aiProviderChain,
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/reasoning-effort.ts b/src/lib/ai/reasoning-effort.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccf1f6906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ai/reasoning-effort.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * #1126 — the per-entry reasoning setting of the Local and OpenAI-compatible
+ * providers, and the binder that stamps it onto a resolved provider.
+ *
+ * A leaf on purpose: `types.ts` and the binder are reachable from workers that
+ * must not reach the provider machinery (`data-arrival-provider-isolation`),
+ * so nothing here imports `provider-chain.ts`. The stored entry is read from
+ * the raw chain directly, first match wins, the same rule
+ * `parseProviderChain` dedupes by.
+ */
+import type { AIProvider } from "./types";
+
+/**
+ * The `reasoning_effort` values a chain entry may carry. "Off" in the settings
+ * is `none` on the wire. The absence of the key is "Default": nothing is sent
+ * and the model decides, which is what every chain stored before the setting
+ * existed keeps doing.
+ */
+export const REASONING_EFFORTS = ["none", "low", "medium", "high"] as const;
+
+export type ReasoningEffort = (typeof REASONING_EFFORTS)[number];
+
+/**
+ * The entries that may carry a reasoning effort: the two whose wire is a
+ * person-chosen `/chat/completions` endpoint serving a model of their choice.
+ * OpenAI, Anthropic and Codex pin their own model families and parameters,
+ * so the setting is refused for them rather than silently dropped.
+ */
+export const REASONING_PROVIDER_TYPES = ["local", "openai-compatible"] as const;
+
+export type ReasoningProviderType = (typeof REASONING_PROVIDER_TYPES)[number];
+
+export function isReasoningProviderType(
+  providerType: string,
+): providerType is ReasoningProviderType {
+  return (REASONING_PROVIDER_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(providerType);
+}
+
+export function isReasoningEffort(value: unknown): value is ReasoningEffort {
+  return (
+    typeof value === "string" &&
+    (REASONING_EFFORTS as readonly string[]).includes(value)
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The reasoning effort stored on a provider type's entry in a persisted chain,
+ * enabled or not. `null` is Default: no chain, no entry, no valid value, or a
+ * type that cannot carry one.
+ */
+export function reasoningEffortFor(
+  rawChain: unknown,
+  providerType: string,
+): ReasoningEffort | null {
+  if (!isReasoningProviderType(providerType) || !Array.isArray(rawChain)) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const entry = rawChain.find(
+    (item): item is { reasoningEffort?: unknown } =>
+      item != null &&
+      typeof item === "object" &&
+      (item as { providerType?: unknown }).providerType === providerType,
+  );
+  return isReasoningEffort(entry?.reasoningEffort)
+    ? entry.reasoningEffort
+    : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stamp the record owner's reasoning effort onto a resolved provider. Keyed on
+ * the instance's runtime type, so only a Local client or an OpenAI-compatible
+ * gateway can ever carry one: the operator's provider, the personal OpenAI
+ * key, Anthropic and Codex resolve to `null` whatever the stored chain says.
+ * Called by every exported resolver in `provider.ts` next to
+ * `bindResponseTimeout`, with the raw `User.aiProviderChain` value.
+ */
+export function bindReasoningEffort<P extends AIProvider>(
+  provider: P,
+  aiProviderChain: unknown,
+): P {
+  provider.reasoningEffort = reasoningEffortFor(aiProviderChain, provider.type);
+  return provider;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/types.ts b/src/lib/ai/types.ts
index 541dcbb24..7ad8be174 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/types.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/types.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { ReasoningEffort } from "./reasoning-effort";
 import { z } from "zod/v4";
 
 // ─── Insight Result Schema ─────────────────────────────────
@@ -123,6 +124,13 @@ export interface AIProvider {
    * `null` / absent → the surface's `timeoutMs`, else the 60 s default.
    */
   responseTimeoutSeconds?: number | null;
+  /**
+   * #1126 — the `reasoning_effort` the record owner chose for this provider's
+   * chain entry, stamped by the resolver (`bindReasoningEffort`). Only the
+   * Local client and the OpenAI-compatible gateway read it, and only they are
+   * ever stamped with a value. `null` / absent → Default: the key is not sent.
+   */
+  reasoningEffort?: ReasoningEffort | null;
   generateCompletion(params: CompletionParams): Promise<CompletionResult>;
   /**
    * v1.22 (#89) — optional true-streaming variant. A provider that can emit
diff --git a/src/lib/cycle/__tests__/backup.test.ts b/src/lib/cycle/__tests__/backup.test.ts
index 2bcc923ec..cd7318a86 100644
--- a/src/lib/cycle/__tests__/backup.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/cycle/__tests__/backup.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { _resetCryptoCacheForTests, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
+import { UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER } from "@/lib/export/unreadable-marker";
 
 import { buildCycleBackupSection } from "../backup";
 
@@ -236,3 +239,87 @@ describe("a symptom the account created survives the round trip", () => {
     expect(section.customSymptoms).toEqual([]);
   });
 });
+
+describe("a portable file carries the cycle free text readable", () => {
+  // Ciphertext in a portable file is noise on any host with another key, so
+  // the note, the sensitive envelope and a custom label travel opened, and
+  // the restore seals them under the receiving host's key.
+  const savedKey = process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY;
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = "ab".repeat(32);
+    _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+  });
+  afterEach(() => {
+    process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = savedKey;
+    _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+  });
+
+  function client(dayLog: Record<string, unknown>, label: string | null) {
+    return {
+      cycleProfile: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      menstrualCycle: { findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([]) },
+      cycleDayLog: {
+        findMany: vi
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValue([
+            { date: "2026-07-02", symptomLinks: [], ...dayLog },
+          ]),
+      },
+      cycleSymptom: {
+        findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([
+          {
+            key: "custom_ache",
+            labelKey: "cycle.symptom.custom_ache",
+            categoryId: "cat-1",
+            icon: null,
+            sortOrder: 0,
+            isActive: true,
+            labelEncrypted: label,
+          },
+        ]),
+      },
+    } as never;
+  }
+
+  it("opens each sealed value and carries no ciphertext", async () => {
+    const section = await buildCycleBackupSection(
+      client(
+        {
+          notesEncrypted: encrypt("Cramps at four"),
+          sensitiveEncrypted: encrypt(
+            JSON.stringify({ sexualActivity: true, contraceptive: "ORAL" }),
+          ),
+        },
+        encrypt("Back ache"),
+      ),
+      "user-1",
+      {},
+    );
+    const day = section.cycleDayLogs[0];
+    expect(day.note).toBe("Cramps at four");
+    expect(day.sensitive).toEqual({
+      sexualActivity: true,
+      contraceptive: "ORAL",
+    });
+    expect(day).not.toHaveProperty("notesEncrypted");
+    expect(day).not.toHaveProperty("sensitiveEncrypted");
+    expect(section.customSymptoms[0].label).toBe("Back ache");
+    expect(section.customSymptoms[0]).not.toHaveProperty("labelEncrypted");
+  });
+
+  it("writes the unreadable marker where this host cannot open a value", async () => {
+    const section = await buildCycleBackupSection(
+      client(
+        {
+          notesEncrypted: "v9.bm90LWEtcmVhbC1jaXBoZXJ0ZXh0LWF0LWFsbC1yZWFsbHk=",
+        },
+        null,
+      ),
+      "user-1",
+      {},
+    );
+    expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0].note).toBe(UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER);
+    expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0].sensitive).toBeNull();
+    expect(section.customSymptoms[0].label).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/cycle/backup.ts b/src/lib/cycle/backup.ts
index 1a216b812..c04859d87 100644
--- a/src/lib/cycle/backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/cycle/backup.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,25 @@
  * never drift. Mirrors the `backupPayloadSchema` cycle shapes.
  *
  * Reads are scoped to `userId` + `deletedAt: null` and exclude predicted
- * (forecast) cycle rows — only observed history round-trips. `notesEncrypted`
- * is carried as the ciphertext envelope VERBATIM: the backup never decrypts
- * the day-log note, so a wrong-surface plaintext leak is impossible and the
- * owner's note round-trips encrypted at rest.
+ * (forecast) cycle rows — only observed history round-trips.
+ *
+ * ## Free text follows the note contract
+ *
+ * Three columns are sealed: the day-log note, the sensitive-category envelope
+ * and a custom symptom's label. A disaster-recovery file carries them as the
+ * stored ciphertext, which the same instance's key reads back. A portable file
+ * carries them readable (`note`, `sensitive`, `label`), and the restore seals
+ * them under the receiving host's key, because a portable file exists to be
+ * moved, and ciphertext from one host is noise on another.
+ *
+ * Until v1.40 the portable file carried the ciphertext too, so a note restored
+ * onto a host with a different key was unreadable for good. Such a file is
+ * still accepted: every ciphertext value in it is opened with this host's keys
+ * before it is written, and one that does not open is kept out of the row and
+ * named in the skip report (`cycleCiphertext`), never written back as
+ * ciphertext nobody can read. The same check covers a disaster-recovery file,
+ * which is why `RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS` lets these sections past the
+ * restore's key preflight.
  */
 import type {
   CervicalMucus,
@@ -25,6 +40,12 @@ import type {
   PrismaClient,
   SecondarySymptom,
 } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
+import {
+  openSealedForExport,
+  sealForRestore,
+  UNOPENED,
+} from "@/lib/export/sealed-text";
+import { UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER } from "@/lib/export/unreadable-marker";
 import type { BackupPayload } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
 import {
   recordUnknownKeys,
@@ -91,8 +112,17 @@ export interface CycleBackupSection {
     pregnancyTest: string | null;
     progesteroneTest: string | null;
     contraceptive: string | null;
-    sensitiveEncrypted: string | null;
-    notesEncrypted: string | null;
+    /** Ciphertext; present on a disaster-recovery payload. */
+    sensitiveEncrypted?: string | null;
+    /** Ciphertext; present on a disaster-recovery payload. */
+    notesEncrypted?: string | null;
+    /** Plaintext; present on a portable payload. */
+    note?: string | null;
+    /**
+     * The sensitive-category envelope opened; present on a portable payload.
+     * The unreadable marker when this instance could not open it.
+     */
+    sensitive?: CycleSensitiveFields | string | null;
     source: string;
     externalId: string | null;
     tz: string | null;
@@ -142,18 +172,40 @@ export interface CycleBackupSection {
     sortOrder: number;
     isActive: boolean;
     /**
-     * The user's own words for the symptom, carried as ciphertext verbatim.
+     * The user's own words for the symptom: ciphertext on a disaster-recovery
+     * payload, plaintext (`label`) on a portable one.
      *
-     * The builder has always emitted it and this interface did not declare it,
-     * which held while the payload was assembled key by key and stopped holding
-     * the moment the section is spread onto the wire: an undeclared field is a
-     * field the wire type says is not there. Declared, so the type describes
-     * the file.
+     * Declared rather than left to the spread, because an undeclared field is
+     * a field the wire type says is not there.
      */
-    labelEncrypted: string | null;
+    labelEncrypted?: string | null;
+    label?: string | null;
   }>;
 }
 
+/** The five intent fields the sensitive-category envelope holds. */
+export interface CycleSensitiveFields {
+  sexualActivity?: boolean;
+  protectedSex?: boolean | null;
+  pregnancyTest?: string | null;
+  progesteroneTest?: string | null;
+  contraceptive?: string | null;
+}
+
+/** The sensitive envelope opened for a portable file, or the marker. */
+function openSensitiveForExport(
+  sealed: string | null,
+): CycleSensitiveFields | string | null {
+  if (!sealed) return null;
+  const opened = openSealedForExport(sealed, "cycle sensitive envelope");
+  if (opened === UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER) return opened;
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(opened) as CycleSensitiveFields;
+  } catch {
+    return UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER;
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Build the cycle section of a user's full backup. Accepts any client with
  * the cycle delegates (the route's global client OR the worker's local
@@ -259,8 +311,17 @@ export async function buildCycleBackupSection(
       pregnancyTest: d.pregnancyTest,
       progesteroneTest: d.progesteroneTest,
       contraceptive: d.contraceptive,
-      sensitiveEncrypted: d.sensitiveEncrypted,
-      notesEncrypted: d.notesEncrypted,
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? {
+            sensitiveEncrypted: d.sensitiveEncrypted,
+            notesEncrypted: d.notesEncrypted,
+          }
+        : {
+            sensitive: openSensitiveForExport(d.sensitiveEncrypted),
+            note: d.notesEncrypted
+              ? openSealedForExport(d.notesEncrypted, "cycle day-log note")
+              : null,
+          }),
       source: d.source,
       externalId: d.externalId,
       tz: d.tz,
@@ -277,7 +338,13 @@ export async function buildCycleBackupSection(
       icon: sym.icon,
       sortOrder: sym.sortOrder,
       isActive: sym.isActive,
-      labelEncrypted: sym.labelEncrypted,
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? { labelEncrypted: sym.labelEncrypted }
+        : {
+            label: sym.labelEncrypted
+              ? openSealedForExport(sym.labelEncrypted, "cycle symptom label")
+              : null,
+          }),
     })),
   };
 }
@@ -383,8 +450,9 @@ function enumOrNull<T extends string>(
  * inside an existing transaction. Delete-then-recreate, matching the
  * measurement/mood restore contract. Symptom links are re-resolved against
  * the seeded catalogue by key, and each one gets back the 1-4 intensity the
- * file recorded for it, or none if the file recorded none. `notesEncrypted` is
- * written back as the ciphertext envelope verbatim — never re-encrypted.
+ * file recorded for it, or none if the file recorded none. Sealed free text
+ * comes back as the file-header comment describes: readable values sealed
+ * under this host's key, ciphertext written back only when this host opens it.
  *
  * A key that resolves against nothing is dropped from the day's links and
  * recorded on `skips`. It is a required argument rather than an optional one:
@@ -400,6 +468,9 @@ export async function restoreCycleData(
   payload: BackupPayload,
   skips: RestoreSkipLog,
 ): Promise<CycleRestoreCleared> {
+  // Sealed values from the file this host's keys do not open, by file path.
+  const unopened: string[] = [];
+
   // Wipe (child links cascade off the day-log delete).
   const dayLogs = await tx.cycleDayLog.deleteMany({
     where: { userId: ownerId },
@@ -488,7 +559,12 @@ export async function restoreCycleData(
         icon: sym.icon ?? null,
         sortOrder: sym.sortOrder,
         isActive: sym.isActive,
-        labelEncrypted: sym.labelEncrypted ?? null,
+        labelEncrypted: sealForRestore(
+          sym.labelEncrypted,
+          sym.label,
+          `customSymptoms.${sym.key}.labelEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
       },
       // `key` is globally unique, so a seeded key would collide. Leave the
       // catalogue row alone: the account's links resolve against it either way.
@@ -591,9 +667,22 @@ export async function restoreCycleData(
         pregnancyTest: enumOrNull(d.pregnancyTest, HOME_TESTS),
         progesteroneTest: enumOrNull(d.progesteroneTest, HOME_TESTS),
         contraceptive: enumOrNull(d.contraceptive, CONTRACEPTIVES),
-        // Both ciphertext envelopes written back verbatim — never re-encrypted.
-        sensitiveEncrypted: d.sensitiveEncrypted ?? null,
-        notesEncrypted: d.notesEncrypted ?? null,
+        sensitiveEncrypted: sealForRestore(
+          d.sensitiveEncrypted,
+          d.sensitive === undefined || d.sensitive === null
+            ? d.sensitive
+            : typeof d.sensitive === "string"
+              ? UNOPENED
+              : JSON.stringify(d.sensitive),
+          `cycleDayLogs.${d.date}.sensitiveEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
+        notesEncrypted: sealForRestore(
+          d.notesEncrypted,
+          d.note,
+          `cycleDayLogs.${d.date}.notesEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
         source: enumOrNull(d.source, CYCLE_SOURCES) ?? "MANUAL",
         externalId: d.externalId ?? null,
         tz: d.tz ?? null,
@@ -608,6 +697,8 @@ export async function restoreCycleData(
     });
   }
 
+  recordUnknownKeys(skips, "cycleCiphertext", unopened, unopened);
+
   return {
     cycles: cycles.count,
     cycleDayLogs: dayLogs.count,
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/native-canvas-support.test.ts b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/native-canvas-support.test.ts
index df978c965..df282df1d 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/native-canvas-support.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/native-canvas-support.test.ts
@@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ describe("generateThumbnail behind a closed gate", () => {
       Buffer.from([0xff, 0xd8, 0xff]),
       "image/jpeg",
     );
-    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: false });
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "native-canvas-unsupported" });
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/prepare-vision-raster-failure.test.ts b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/prepare-vision-raster-failure.test.ts
index 05af83fdc..3e01f2d75 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/prepare-vision-raster-failure.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/prepare-vision-raster-failure.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
 
 /**
  * Refs #776 — the raster-failed chain, end to end through the REAL
@@ -68,4 +70,17 @@ describe("raster-failed end to end (#776)", () => {
     const vision = await prepareVisionInput(DOC as never, true);
     expect(vision).toMatchObject({ ok: true });
   });
+
+  it("a PDF whose pages all render blank is rasterFailed, not an image of nothing (#1124)", async () => {
+    // Text in render mode 3 only: pdfjs opens it and draws an empty page.
+    // Before the blank-page guard this went to the provider as one white
+    // JPEG and came back as a near-empty transcript indexed as a success.
+    vi.mocked(decryptDocumentContent).mockReturnValue(
+      readFileSync(
+        join(process.cwd(), "tests/fixtures/pdf/invisible-text-only.pdf"),
+      ) as never,
+    );
+    const vision = await prepareVisionInput(DOC as never, false);
+    expect(vision).toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "rasterFailed" });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-cleanup.test.ts b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-cleanup.test.ts
index 4e0d2cdba..bdafb0bfa 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-cleanup.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,16 @@ vi.mock("pdfjs-dist/legacy/build/pdf.mjs", () => ({
       canvasFactory: {
         create: () => ({
           canvas: {
+            width: 1,
+            height: 1,
             toBuffer: () => Buffer.from([0xff, 0xd8]),
           },
-          context: {},
+          // One black pixel: an inked page, so the blank-page guard passes.
+          context: {
+            getImageData: () => ({
+              data: new Uint8ClampedArray([0, 0, 0, 255]),
+            }),
+          },
         }),
       },
       getPage: async () => ({
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-font-data.test.ts b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-font-data.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86fd7c5fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/rasterize-pdf-font-data.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+import { existsSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { createCanvas, loadImage } from "@napi-rs/canvas";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+/**
+ * GitHub #1124 — PDFs from older OCRmyPDF archives got no thumbnail and an
+ * image-only vision read of them came back nearly empty.
+ *
+ * The runtime image has no system fonts. pdfjs was opened without its own
+ * font data and told to lean on system fonts, so any text it could not draw
+ * from an embedded program (a non-embedded standard font, or an embedded
+ * program it cannot parse) came out as nothing, and the page that reached
+ * the provider was the background alone. A workstation hides this because
+ * its own fonts stand in, so the rendering assertions below are regression
+ * guards here and the container is where they were proven red; the option
+ * and registration assertions are red on any host.
+ *
+ * Fixtures (`tests/fixtures/pdf/`, synthetic text only):
+ *   - `ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf` — the reporter's shape: PDF 1.7,
+ *     pikepdf producer, one 630.5 x 861.6 pt page with a 150 ppi RGB JPEG and
+ *     a 75 ppi RGB Flate image, Type 1C Helvetica and Palatino-Roman, and an
+ *     invisible OCR text layer.
+ *   - `fallback-fonts.pdf` — a letter in non-embedded Helvetica and in a
+ *     Type 1C Palatino-Roman whose program pdfjs cannot parse.
+ *   - `invisible-text-only.pdf` — text in render mode 3 and nothing else, so
+ *     every page renders blank.
+ */
+
+const { annotate, registerFromPath } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  annotate: vi.fn(),
+  registerFromPath: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({ annotate }));
+
+const getDocumentOptions: Record<string, unknown>[] = [];
+vi.mock("pdfjs-dist/legacy/build/pdf.mjs", async (importActual) => {
+  const actual =
+    await importActual<typeof import("pdfjs-dist/legacy/build/pdf.mjs")>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    getDocument: (opts: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+      getDocumentOptions.push(opts);
+      return actual.getDocument(opts as never);
+    },
+  };
+});
+vi.mock("@napi-rs/canvas", async (importActual) => {
+  const actual = await importActual<typeof import("@napi-rs/canvas")>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    GlobalFonts: {
+      ...actual.GlobalFonts,
+      registerFromPath: (path: string, alias?: string) => {
+        registerFromPath(path, alias);
+        return actual.GlobalFonts.registerFromPath(path, alias);
+      },
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+import * as raster from "../rasterize-pdf";
+import { generateThumbnail } from "../thumbnail";
+
+const FIXTURES = join(process.cwd(), "tests", "fixtures", "pdf");
+const fixture = (name: string) => readFileSync(join(FIXTURES, name));
+
+/** Share of dark pixels in a JPEG, measured the way the rasterizer does. */
+async function inkOf(base64: string): Promise<number> {
+  const image = await loadImage(Buffer.from(base64, "base64"));
+  const canvas = createCanvas(image.width, image.height);
+  const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
+  ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0);
+  const { data } = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, image.width, image.height);
+  let dark = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {
+    if (data[i]! + data[i + 1]! + data[i + 2]! < 384) dark++;
+  }
+  return dark / (data.length / 4);
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  annotate.mockClear();
+  registerFromPath.mockClear();
+  getDocumentOptions.length = 0;
+  raster.__resetPdfjsAssetsForTests();
+});
+
+describe("rasterizePdf font and decoder data (#1124)", () => {
+  it("gives pdfjs its font, CMap and wasm directories and no system fonts", async () => {
+    const result = await raster.rasterizePdf(fixture("fallback-fonts.pdf"), 1);
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    const opts = getDocumentOptions.at(-1)!;
+    expect(opts.useSystemFonts).toBe(false);
+    for (const [key, probe] of [
+      ["standardFontDataUrl", "FoxitSerif.pfb"],
+      ["standardFontDataUrl", "LiberationSans-Regular.ttf"],
+      ["cMapUrl", "UniJIS-UTF16-H.bcmap"],
+      ["wasmUrl", "openjpeg.wasm"],
+    ] as const) {
+      expect(typeof opts[key], key).toBe("string");
+      expect(existsSync(`${opts[key] as string}${probe}`), probe).toBe(true);
+    }
+    expect(opts.cMapPacked).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("registers a fallback face for every generic family pdfjs falls back to", async () => {
+    await raster.rasterizePdf(fixture("fallback-fonts.pdf"), 1);
+    const families = new Set(registerFromPath.mock.calls.map((c) => c[1]));
+    expect(families).toEqual(new Set(["sans-serif", "serif", "monospace"]));
+    for (const [path] of registerFromPath.mock.calls) {
+      expect(existsSync(path as string)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("renders the OCRmyPDF page with its scan and its text", async () => {
+    const result = await raster.rasterizePdf(
+      fixture("ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf"),
+    );
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (!result.ok) return;
+    expect(result.images).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(await inkOf(result.images[0]!.dataBase64)).toBeGreaterThan(0.005);
+  });
+
+  it("renders a letter whose fonts pdfjs has to substitute", async () => {
+    const result = await raster.rasterizePdf(fixture("fallback-fonts.pdf"));
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+    if (!result.ok) return;
+    expect(await inkOf(result.images[0]!.dataBase64)).toBeGreaterThan(0.001);
+  });
+
+  it("reports a document whose every page renders blank as render-failed", async () => {
+    const result = await raster.rasterizePdf(
+      fixture("invisible-text-only.pdf"),
+    );
+    expect(result).toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "render-failed" });
+    expect(annotate).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      action: { name: "documents.rasterize.failed" },
+      meta: { reason: "blank_pages", pages: 1 },
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("generateThumbnail on the OCRmyPDF shape (#1124)", () => {
+  it("produces a preview of the first page", async () => {
+    const result = await generateThumbnail(
+      fixture("ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf"),
+      "application/pdf",
+    );
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/thumbnail.test.ts b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/thumbnail.test.ts
index 59a03ab64..05a2630d6 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/__tests__/thumbnail.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/__tests__/thumbnail.test.ts
@@ -126,19 +126,19 @@ describe("generateThumbnail", () => {
   it("returns { ok: false } for an unsupported MIME type", async () => {
     await expect(
       generateThumbnail(Buffer.from("plain text"), "text/plain"),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false });
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "unsupported-type" });
   });
 
   it("returns { ok: false } and never throws on malformed image bytes", async () => {
     await expect(
       generateThumbnail(Buffer.from("not a real image"), "image/png"),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false });
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "error" });
   });
 
   it("returns { ok: false } on a malformed PDF", async () => {
     await expect(
       generateThumbnail(Buffer.from("not a pdf"), "application/pdf"),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false });
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "raster-failed" });
   });
 
   it("refuses a decompression bomb before decoding (pixel cap)", async () => {
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ describe("generateThumbnail", () => {
     bomb.writeUInt32BE(30_000, 20); // height
     await expect(generateThumbnail(bomb, "image/png")).resolves.toEqual({
       ok: false,
+      reason: "pixel-cap",
     });
   });
 
@@ -164,6 +165,6 @@ describe("generateThumbnail", () => {
     loadImageMock.mockResolvedValueOnce({ width: 30_000, height: 30_000 });
     await expect(
       generateThumbnail(Buffer.from("desynced jpeg bytes"), "image/jpeg"),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false });
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ ok: false, reason: "pixel-cap" });
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/rasterize-pdf.ts b/src/lib/documents/rasterize-pdf.ts
index f61e74fc3..452ddfae5 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/rasterize-pdf.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/rasterize-pdf.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
  * preserves the "a bad document never aborts an upload/batch" contract.
  */
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+import { existsSync } from "node:fs";
+import { createRequire } from "node:module";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
 
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 
@@ -60,6 +63,14 @@ export const RASTER_TARGET_LONG_EDGE = 1600;
 /** JPEG quality (0-100). ~80 keeps text legible at a fraction of PNG's bytes. */
 export const RASTER_JPEG_QUALITY = 80;
 
+/**
+ * A rendered page counts as blank when fewer than this share of its pixels
+ * are dark. One short line of 16 pt text on an A4 page is ~0.1 %; a page
+ * number alone sits near this floor. A page set that is blank throughout is
+ * not a reading of the document, whatever the provider would make of it.
+ */
+export const RASTER_MIN_INK_RATIO = 0.0001;
+
 /** One rasterized page, shaped as a vision `input_image` part. */
 export interface RasterImage {
   mediaType: "image/jpeg";
@@ -98,9 +109,17 @@ interface PdfCanvas {
   height: number;
   toBuffer(mime: "image/jpeg", quality?: number): Buffer;
 }
+interface PdfContext2D {
+  getImageData(
+    x: number,
+    y: number,
+    width: number,
+    height: number,
+  ): { data: Uint8ClampedArray };
+}
 interface PdfCanvasAndContext {
   canvas: PdfCanvas;
-  context: unknown;
+  context: PdfContext2D;
 }
 interface PdfCanvasFactory {
   create(width: number, height: number): PdfCanvasAndContext;
@@ -125,12 +144,127 @@ interface PdfLoadingTask {
   destroy(): Promise<void>;
 }
 interface PdfjsModule {
-  getDocument(opts: {
-    data: Uint8Array;
-    verbosity?: number;
-    isEvalSupported?: boolean;
-    useSystemFonts?: boolean;
-  }): PdfLoadingTask;
+  getDocument(opts: PdfDocumentOptions): PdfLoadingTask;
+}
+interface PdfDocumentOptions {
+  data: Uint8Array;
+  verbosity?: number;
+  isEvalSupported?: boolean;
+  useSystemFonts?: boolean;
+  standardFontDataUrl?: string;
+  cMapUrl?: string;
+  cMapPacked?: boolean;
+  wasmUrl?: string;
+}
+interface GlobalFontsLike {
+  registerFromPath(path: string, nameAlias?: string): unknown;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where pdfjs finds the data it does not carry in its JS: the standard 14
+ * fonts (a PDF that names Helvetica or Times without embedding them), the
+ * CMaps (CID fonts with a predefined encoding), and the wasm image decoders
+ * (JPEG 2000, JBIG2). In a browser pdfjs fetches these from a URL; under Node
+ * they are read from disk, and without a directory pdfjs simply draws the text
+ * without glyphs.
+ *
+ * The runtime image carries no system fonts at all, so nothing else catches
+ * that: a letter set in a non-embedded font rendered as an empty page in the
+ * container while it rendered correctly on a workstation, where the operating
+ * system's fonts stood in. The image-only provider then read the empty page
+ * and returned a line of nothing.
+ *
+ * Resolved from the working directory with Node's own resolution, which is
+ * what finds the hoisted `node_modules/pdfjs-dist` in the standalone image
+ * and the pnpm link in a checkout. The specifier is assembled at runtime so
+ * the bundler leaves the lookup alone. The ICC profile option is not set: its
+ * loader needs a synchronous XMLHttpRequest that Node lacks, and pdfjs falls
+ * back to each colour space's alternate.
+ */
+export interface PdfjsAssets {
+  standardFontDataUrl: string;
+  cMapUrl: string;
+  wasmUrl: string;
+  /** The Liberation Sans faces registered as the generic fallback families. */
+  fallbackFonts: string[];
+}
+
+let cachedAssets: PdfjsAssets | null | undefined;
+
+export function resolvePdfjsAssets(): PdfjsAssets | null {
+  if (cachedAssets !== undefined) return cachedAssets;
+  cachedAssets = null;
+  try {
+    const anchor = createRequire(join(process.cwd(), "package.json"));
+    const root = dirname(
+      anchor.resolve(["pdfjs-dist", "package.json"].join("/")),
+    );
+    const fonts = join(root, "standard_fonts");
+    const assets: PdfjsAssets = {
+      standardFontDataUrl: `${fonts}/`,
+      cMapUrl: `${join(root, "cmaps")}/`,
+      wasmUrl: `${join(root, "wasm")}/`,
+      fallbackFonts: [
+        "LiberationSans-Regular.ttf",
+        "LiberationSans-Bold.ttf",
+        "LiberationSans-Italic.ttf",
+        "LiberationSans-BoldItalic.ttf",
+      ].map((file) => join(fonts, file)),
+    };
+    if (
+      existsSync(join(fonts, "FoxitSerif.pfb")) &&
+      existsSync(join(root, "cmaps", "UniJIS-UTF16-H.bcmap")) &&
+      existsSync(join(root, "wasm", "openjpeg.wasm")) &&
+      assets.fallbackFonts.every((file) => existsSync(file))
+    ) {
+      cachedAssets = assets;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // Unresolvable: render without the data, as before, and say so below.
+  }
+  return cachedAssets;
+}
+
+let fallbackFamiliesRegistered = false;
+
+/**
+ * Give the canvas a face for the generic families pdfjs falls back to.
+ *
+ * When pdfjs cannot use a font program (a damaged or unsupported embedded
+ * font, or a non-embedded face outside the standard 14) it draws the text
+ * with the canvas' own `fillText` under the PDF's font name and a generic
+ * family. With no system fonts in the image that text vanished. Registering
+ * Liberation Sans, which pdfjs ships, under `sans-serif`, `serif` and
+ * `monospace` makes it legible instead. Once per process.
+ */
+async function registerFallbackFamilies(assets: PdfjsAssets): Promise<void> {
+  if (fallbackFamiliesRegistered) return;
+  fallbackFamiliesRegistered = true;
+  const { GlobalFonts } = (await import("@napi-rs/canvas")) as unknown as {
+    GlobalFonts: GlobalFontsLike;
+  };
+  for (const family of ["sans-serif", "serif", "monospace"]) {
+    for (const file of assets.fallbackFonts) {
+      GlobalFonts.registerFromPath(file, family);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Share of dark pixels on a rendered page (luminance below half). */
+function inkRatio(context: PdfContext2D, width: number, height: number) {
+  const { data } = context.getImageData(0, 0, width, height);
+  let dark = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {
+    if (data[i]! + data[i + 1]! + data[i + 2]! < 384) dark++;
+  }
+  const pixels = data.length / 4;
+  return pixels > 0 ? dark / pixels : 0;
+}
+
+/** Test hook: the asset lookup and the font registration are per process. */
+export function __resetPdfjsAssetsForTests(): void {
+  cachedAssets = undefined;
+  fallbackFamiliesRegistered = false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -163,11 +297,31 @@ export async function rasterizePdf(
     const pdfjs =
       (await import("pdfjs-dist/legacy/build/pdf.mjs")) as unknown as PdfjsModule;
 
+    const assets = resolvePdfjsAssets();
+    if (assets) {
+      await registerFallbackFamilies(assets);
+    } else {
+      annotate({
+        action: { name: "documents.rasterize.assetsMissing" },
+        meta: { reason: "pdfjs_assets_unresolved" },
+      });
+    }
+
     task = pdfjs.getDocument({
       data: new Uint8Array(buffer),
       verbosity: 0, // VerbosityLevel.ERRORS — no console spam on odd PDFs.
       isEvalSupported: false, // never eval font programs (defence in depth).
-      useSystemFonts: true,
+      // There are no system fonts to use: substitutes come from pdfjs' own
+      // standard font data and the fallback families registered above.
+      useSystemFonts: false,
+      ...(assets
+        ? {
+            standardFontDataUrl: assets.standardFontDataUrl,
+            cMapUrl: assets.cMapUrl,
+            cMapPacked: true,
+            wasmUrl: assets.wasmUrl,
+          }
+        : {}),
     });
     doc = await task.promise;
 
@@ -175,6 +329,7 @@ export async function rasterizePdf(
     const cap = Math.min(Math.max(1, maxPages), RASTER_MAX_PAGES);
     const pageCount = Math.min(doc.numPages, cap);
     const images: RasterImage[] = [];
+    let blankPages = 0;
 
     for (let pageNumber = 1; pageNumber <= pageCount; pageNumber++) {
       const page = await doc.getPage(pageNumber);
@@ -196,6 +351,12 @@ export async function rasterizePdf(
           viewport,
           canvas: cc.canvas,
         }).promise;
+        if (
+          inkRatio(cc.context, cc.canvas.width, cc.canvas.height) <
+          RASTER_MIN_INK_RATIO
+        ) {
+          blankPages++;
+        }
         const jpeg = cc.canvas.toBuffer("image/jpeg", RASTER_JPEG_QUALITY);
         images.push({
           mediaType: "image/jpeg",
@@ -217,9 +378,19 @@ export async function rasterizePdf(
       });
       return { ok: false, reason: "render-failed" };
     }
+    if (blankPages === images.length) {
+      // Every rendered page came out empty. Sending those to a vision model
+      // buys a transcript of nothing that would be indexed as a success; say
+      // the render failed instead, so the read reports `raster-failed`.
+      annotate({
+        action: { name: "documents.rasterize.failed" },
+        meta: { reason: "blank_pages", pages: images.length },
+      });
+      return { ok: false, reason: "render-failed" };
+    }
     annotate({
       action: { name: "documents.rasterize.ok" },
-      meta: { pages: images.length, cappedFrom: doc.numPages },
+      meta: { pages: images.length, cappedFrom: doc.numPages, blankPages },
     });
     return { ok: true, images, pageCount: doc.numPages };
   } catch (err) {
diff --git a/src/lib/documents/thumbnail.ts b/src/lib/documents/thumbnail.ts
index 8d975954f..26ed69c1b 100644
--- a/src/lib/documents/thumbnail.ts
+++ b/src/lib/documents/thumbnail.ts
@@ -157,9 +157,23 @@ export interface Thumbnail {
   height: number;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Why no preview was made. `unsupported-type` is the expected answer for an
+ * Office file or a text document; every other reason means a preview should
+ * have existed, so the thumbnail job logs it as a warning.
+ */
+export type ThumbnailSkipReason =
+  | "unsupported-type"
+  | "native-canvas-unsupported"
+  | "pixel-cap"
+  | "raster-failed"
+  | "empty-render"
+  | "error";
+
 /** Best-effort generation outcome — never an exception. */
 export type ThumbnailResult =
-  { ok: true; thumbnail: Thumbnail } | { ok: false };
+  | { ok: true; thumbnail: Thumbnail }
+  | { ok: false; reason: ThumbnailSkipReason };
 
 // Minimal structural types for the slice of `@napi-rs/canvas` this module uses.
 // A type-only shape (erased at build) so we never eagerly evaluate the module
@@ -229,7 +243,7 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
         action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.rejected" },
         meta: { reason: "native_canvas_unsupported" },
       });
-      return { ok: false };
+      return { ok: false, reason: "native-canvas-unsupported" };
     }
     // Lazy import: keeps @napi-rs/canvas (+ transitively pdfjs on the PDF path)
     // out of the eager server chunk. Resolved on first generation, then cached.
@@ -244,7 +258,7 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
           action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.rejected" },
           meta: { source: "image", reason: "pixel_cap", pixels },
         });
-        return { ok: false };
+        return { ok: false, reason: "pixel-cap" };
       }
       const image = await napi.loadImage(bytes);
       // Post-decode backstop: the header sniff returns null on any marker
@@ -260,10 +274,10 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
             pixels: image.width * image.height,
           },
         });
-        return { ok: false };
+        return { ok: false, reason: "pixel-cap" };
       }
       const thumb = drawScaledJpeg(napi, image);
-      if (!thumb) return { ok: false };
+      if (!thumb) return { ok: false, reason: "empty-render" };
       annotate({
         action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.ok" },
         meta: { source: "image", width: thumb.width, height: thumb.height },
@@ -274,11 +288,13 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
     if (mimeType === "application/pdf") {
       // Page 1 only — a preview never renders the whole document.
       const raster = await rasterizePdf(bytes, 1);
-      if (!raster.ok || raster.images.length === 0) return { ok: false };
+      if (!raster.ok || raster.images.length === 0) {
+        return { ok: false, reason: "raster-failed" };
+      }
       const pageJpeg = Buffer.from(raster.images[0]!.dataBase64, "base64");
       const image = await napi.loadImage(pageJpeg);
       const thumb = drawScaledJpeg(napi, image);
-      if (!thumb) return { ok: false };
+      if (!thumb) return { ok: false, reason: "empty-render" };
       annotate({
         action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.ok" },
         meta: { source: "pdf", width: thumb.width, height: thumb.height },
@@ -287,7 +303,7 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
     }
 
     // Every other MIME (Office/text/TIFF/HEIC/XML/JSON) — no preview.
-    return { ok: false };
+    return { ok: false, reason: "unsupported-type" };
   } catch (err) {
     annotate({
       action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.failed" },
@@ -297,6 +313,6 @@ export async function generateThumbnail(
         message: err instanceof Error ? err.message.slice(0, 300) : String(err),
       },
     });
-    return { ok: false };
+    return { ok: false, reason: "error" };
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-backup.test.ts b/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-backup.test.ts
index b0768b7e9..3414b51d1 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-backup.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-backup.test.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   buildAccountSettingsBackupSection,
 } from "@/lib/export/account-settings-backup";
 import { UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER } from "@/lib/export/unreadable-marker";
+import { reasoningEffortFor } from "@/lib/ai/reasoning-effort";
 
 /** A 1x1 PNG, the smallest image the avatar upload accepts. */
 const PNG_1X1 =
@@ -190,6 +191,38 @@ describe("admitAccountSettings", () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  // #1126 — the reasoning setting lives on the provider chain entries, so
+  // the chain column carries it through a backup unchanged.
+  it("carries the provider chain's reasoning settings through a round trip", async () => {
+    const chain = [
+      {
+        providerType: "local",
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        reasoningEffort: "none",
+      },
+      {
+        providerType: "openai-compatible",
+        priority: 2,
+        enabled: false,
+        reasoningEffort: "high",
+      },
+      { providerType: "openai", priority: 3, enabled: true },
+    ];
+    const { accountSettings } = await buildAccountSettingsBackupSection(
+      prismaReturning(rowWith({ aiProviderChain: chain })),
+      "u1",
+      { purpose: "disaster-recovery" },
+    );
+    const restored = admitAccountSettings(
+      JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(accountSettings)),
+      ctx,
+    ).data.aiProviderChain;
+    expect(restored).toEqual(chain);
+    expect(reasoningEffortFor(restored, "local")).toBe("none");
+    expect(reasoningEffortFor(restored, "openai-compatible")).toBe("high");
+  });
+
   it("writes a database null for a JSON setting the file clears", () => {
     expect(
       admitAccountSettings({ dashboardWidgetsJson: null }, ctx).data
diff --git a/src/lib/export/__tests__/backup-key-ids.test.ts b/src/lib/export/__tests__/backup-key-ids.test.ts
index 03377c809..386f12878 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/__tests__/backup-key-ids.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/__tests__/backup-key-ids.test.ts
@@ -138,6 +138,30 @@ describe("assessBackupKeys", () => {
     ).toEqual([]);
   });
 
+  it("leaves the cycle sections to the restore, which opens each value itself", () => {
+    // A same-id impostor in a cycle note must neither refuse the file nor be
+    // picked as the sample that proves the key for the sections that need it.
+    const fine = encrypt("a measurement note under the real key");
+    useKeys({ old: K3, cur: K2 }, "old");
+    const impostor = encrypt("x");
+    useKeys({ old: K1, cur: K2 }, "cur");
+    const file = {
+      measurements: [{ notesEncrypted: fine }],
+      cycleDayLogs: [
+        { notesEncrypted: impostor },
+        { notesEncrypted: `gone.${Buffer.alloc(40).toString("base64")}` },
+      ],
+      customSymptoms: [
+        { labelEncrypted: `gone.${Buffer.alloc(40).toString("base64")}` },
+      ],
+    };
+    const collector = new BackupKeyIdCollector();
+    collector.visit(file);
+    const verdict = assessBackupKeys(collector);
+    expect(verdict.missing).toEqual([]);
+    expect(verdict.unreadable).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
   it("catches an id that is configured with different key material", () => {
     const file = fileWrittenUnderOld();
     useKeys({ old: K3, cur: K2 }, "cur");
diff --git a/src/lib/export/backup-key-ids.ts b/src/lib/export/backup-key-ids.ts
index acbe75e07..88bb09ad6 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/backup-key-ids.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/backup-key-ids.ts
@@ -97,6 +97,32 @@ export function isEncryptedMember(name: string): boolean {
   return name.endsWith("Encrypted") && name.length > "Encrypted".length;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Sections whose restore opens every inner value with this host's keys itself,
+ * and keeps out (and names in the skip report) any value it cannot open.
+ *
+ * The cycle day-logs, custom cycle symptoms, custom mood tags and mood
+ * categories, practitioners, visits and vaccinations are here because a
+ * portable file written before v1.40 carried their free text as the stored
+ * ciphertext,
+ * not as readable text. Such a file is still restorable onto another host:
+ * what that host can open comes back, what it cannot stays out of the row and
+ * is reported. Refusing the whole file over a note would cost every other
+ * part of the account. The trade, stated: a disaster-recovery copy whose ONLY
+ * missing key sits in these sections restores with those values reported as
+ * skipped instead of being refused; any other section needing the key still
+ * refuses it, which in practice is every real copy.
+ */
+export const RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
+  "cycleDayLogs",
+  "customSymptoms",
+  "customMoodTags",
+  "customMoodTagCategories",
+  "practitioners",
+  "encounters",
+  "vaccinations",
+]);
+
 interface KeyUse {
   /** How many values need this key. */
   count: number;
@@ -127,7 +153,10 @@ export class BackupKeyIdCollector {
     }
     use.count += 1;
     use.sections.add(section);
+    // A sample from a self-verified section proves nothing the restore needs:
+    // a value there that does not open is skipped, not fatal.
     if (
+      !RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS.has(section) &&
       value.length <= MAX_SAMPLE_CHARS &&
       (!use.sample || value.length < use.sample.value.length)
     ) {
@@ -257,7 +286,9 @@ function openSample(sample: { value: string; form: InnerCiphertextForm }) {
  * key to prove the key under that id is the right one.
  *
  * `ignoreSections` leaves out sections the caller will not write: the
- * instance settings, when the operator has not asked for them back.
+ * instance settings, when the operator has not asked for them back. The
+ * sections in {@link RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS} are always left out,
+ * because their restore checks each value itself.
  */
 export function assessBackupKeys(
   collector: BackupKeyIdCollector,
@@ -274,7 +305,14 @@ export function assessBackupKeys(
   for (const [keyId, use] of [...collector.entries()].sort(([a], [b]) =>
     a.localeCompare(b),
   )) {
-    if ([...use.sections].every((section) => ignore.has(section))) continue;
+    if (
+      [...use.sections].every(
+        (section) =>
+          ignore.has(section) || RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS.has(section),
+      )
+    ) {
+      continue;
+    }
     keyIds.push(keyId);
     configured ??= new Set(getConfiguredKeyIds());
     if (!configured.has(keyId)) {
diff --git a/src/lib/export/full-backup-payload.ts b/src/lib/export/full-backup-payload.ts
index 9bd1b84d7..f96f79935 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/full-backup-payload.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/full-backup-payload.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import { dayKeyOfDate } from "@/lib/medications/course-window";
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
 import type { Prisma, PrismaClient } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 import { readNote } from "@/lib/crypto/note-cipher";
+import { openSealedForExport } from "@/lib/export/sealed-text";
 import { iterateMeasurementPages } from "@/lib/export/paged-measurements";
 import { BACKUP_SCHEMA_VERSION } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
 import {
@@ -1284,8 +1285,18 @@ export async function buildFullBackupPayload(
       icon: category.icon,
       sortOrder: category.sortOrder,
       isActive: category.isActive,
-      // Ciphertext verbatim, like the tag label beside it.
-      labelEncrypted: category.labelEncrypted,
+      // The person's own words: ciphertext in a disaster-recovery payload,
+      // readable in a portable one (see `sealed-text.ts`).
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? { labelEncrypted: category.labelEncrypted }
+        : {
+            label: category.labelEncrypted
+              ? openSealedForExport(
+                  category.labelEncrypted,
+                  "mood category label",
+                )
+              : null,
+          }),
     })),
     hiddenMoodTags: hiddenMoodTags.map((hidden) => ({
       key: hidden.moodTag.key,
@@ -1300,9 +1311,15 @@ export async function buildFullBackupPayload(
       isActive: tag.isActive,
       icon: tag.icon,
       sortOrder: tag.sortOrder,
-      // Ciphertext verbatim, like every other *Encrypted column in a DR
-      // payload: the same instance's key reads it back unchanged.
-      labelEncrypted: tag.labelEncrypted,
+      // Ciphertext in a disaster-recovery payload (the same instance's key
+      // reads it back), readable in a portable one (see `sealed-text.ts`).
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? { labelEncrypted: tag.labelEncrypted }
+        : {
+            label: tag.labelEncrypted
+              ? openSealedForExport(tag.labelEncrypted, "mood tag label")
+              : null,
+          }),
       scaleMin: tag.scaleMin,
       scaleMax: tag.scaleMax,
       inverse: tag.inverse,
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
index 0ac7e1a68..e0bd34eef 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ import {
   listTenantEdges,
 } from "@/lib/export/tenant-boundary";
 import { encryptNote } from "@/lib/crypto/note-cipher";
+import { sealForRestore } from "@/lib/export/sealed-text";
 import { encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
 import { encryptContextToBytes } from "@/lib/labs/biomarker-store";
 import { encryptNoteToBytes } from "@/lib/labs/store";
@@ -1514,6 +1515,130 @@ export async function restoreBackup(
         }
 
         reportSection("mood");
+        // The account's own categories, tags and hidden set are written
+        // whether or not the file carries a mood entry: an account that set
+        // up its mood vocabulary before logging a single entry has them too,
+        // and they used to be written only inside the entries branch.
+        // The account's own CATEGORIES go in before its tags. A custom
+        // tag's `categoryId` is a real foreign key, so writing the tag
+        // first threw `mood_tags_category_id_fkey` and rolled the entire
+        // restore back — an account that had grouped its own mood factors
+        // could not be restored at all, and the failure named a constraint
+        // rather than the thing that was missing.
+        //
+        // Upserted by key for the same reason the tags below are: `key` is
+        // globally unique, so a seeded category that later claims the key
+        // must be left alone rather than overwritten by a restore.
+        // Labels this host's keys do not open, by file path.
+        const unopenedMoodLabels: string[] = [];
+        for (const category of payload.customMoodTagCategories) {
+          await tx.moodTagCategory.upsert({
+            where: { key: category.key },
+            create: {
+              id: category.id,
+              userId: ownerId,
+              key: category.key,
+              labelKey: category.labelKey,
+              icon: category.icon ?? null,
+              sortOrder: category.sortOrder ?? 0,
+              isActive: category.isActive ?? true,
+              labelEncrypted: sealForRestore(
+                category.labelEncrypted,
+                category.label,
+                `customMoodTagCategories.${category.key}.labelEncrypted`,
+                unopenedMoodLabels,
+              ),
+            },
+            update: {},
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Re-create the account's own tag definitions first. The lookup
+        // below used to ask only for the seeded catalogue (`userId: null`),
+        // so a single custom rated tag made the whole restore throw
+        // "Unknown mood factor keys" — the file was complete and unusable.
+        for (const tag of payload.customMoodTags) {
+          await tx.moodTag.upsert({
+            where: { key: tag.key },
+            create: {
+              ...(tag.id ? { id: tag.id } : {}),
+              userId: ownerId,
+              key: tag.key,
+              labelKey: tag.labelKey,
+              categoryId: tag.categoryId,
+              kind: tag.kind,
+              isActive: tag.isActive,
+              icon: tag.icon ?? null,
+              sortOrder: tag.sortOrder,
+              labelEncrypted: sealForRestore(
+                tag.labelEncrypted,
+                tag.label,
+                `customMoodTags.${tag.key}.labelEncrypted`,
+                unopenedMoodLabels,
+              ),
+              scaleMin: tag.scaleMin,
+              scaleMax: tag.scaleMax,
+              inverse: tag.inverse,
+            },
+            // `key` is globally unique, so a seeded key would collide.
+            // Leave the catalogue row alone; the links resolve either way.
+            update: {},
+          });
+        }
+        recordUnknownKeys(
+          skips,
+          "moodLabelCiphertext",
+          unopenedMoodLabels,
+          unopenedMoodLabels,
+        );
+
+        // Which tags the account hid. Delete-then-recreate like every
+        // other section, and resolved by KEY: what people hide is almost
+        // always a seeded tag, whose id differs on every instance.
+        //
+        // A key this instance no longer knows costs one hidden row and is
+        // REPORTED. Dropping it silently would un-hide a factor the person
+        // had deliberately taken out of their mood editor, and they would
+        // have no way to know why it came back.
+        await tx.moodTagHidden.deleteMany({ where: { userId: ownerId } });
+        if (payload.hiddenMoodTags.length > 0) {
+          const hiddenKeys = payload.hiddenMoodTags.map((h) => h.key);
+          const hiddenRows = await tx.moodTag.findMany({
+            where: {
+              key: { in: [...new Set(hiddenKeys)] },
+              OR: [{ userId: null }, { userId: ownerId }],
+            },
+            select: { id: true, key: true },
+          });
+          const hiddenByKey = new Map(
+            hiddenRows.map((row) => [row.key, row.id]),
+          );
+          const unresolvedHidden: string[] = [];
+          const writableHidden = payload.hiddenMoodTags.filter((entry) => {
+            if (hiddenByKey.has(entry.key)) return true;
+            unresolvedHidden.push(entry.key);
+            return false;
+          });
+          if (writableHidden.length > 0) {
+            await tx.moodTagHidden.createMany({
+              data: writableHidden.map((entry) => ({
+                userId: ownerId,
+                moodTagId: hiddenByKey.get(entry.key)!,
+                ...(entry.createdAt
+                  ? { createdAt: new Date(entry.createdAt) }
+                  : {}),
+              })),
+              skipDuplicates: true,
+            });
+          }
+          recordUnknownKeys(
+            skips,
+            "moodTag",
+            [...new Set(unresolvedHidden)],
+            unresolvedHidden,
+          );
+        }
+
         if (payload.moodEntries.length > 0) {
           const referencedFactorKeys = payload.moodEntries.flatMap((entry) =>
             entry.factors.map((factor) => factor.key),
@@ -1523,108 +1648,6 @@ export async function restoreBackup(
             (entry) => entry.structuredTags,
           );
           const tagKeys = [...new Set(referencedTagKeys)];
-          // The account's own CATEGORIES go in before its tags. A custom
-          // tag's `categoryId` is a real foreign key, so writing the tag
-          // first threw `mood_tags_category_id_fkey` and rolled the entire
-          // restore back — an account that had grouped its own mood factors
-          // could not be restored at all, and the failure named a constraint
-          // rather than the thing that was missing.
-          //
-          // Upserted by key for the same reason the tags below are: `key` is
-          // globally unique, so a seeded category that later claims the key
-          // must be left alone rather than overwritten by a restore.
-          for (const category of payload.customMoodTagCategories) {
-            await tx.moodTagCategory.upsert({
-              where: { key: category.key },
-              create: {
-                id: category.id,
-                userId: ownerId,
-                key: category.key,
-                labelKey: category.labelKey,
-                icon: category.icon ?? null,
-                sortOrder: category.sortOrder ?? 0,
-                isActive: category.isActive ?? true,
-                labelEncrypted: category.labelEncrypted ?? null,
-              },
-              update: {},
-            });
-          }
-
-          // Re-create the account's own tag definitions first. The lookup
-          // below used to ask only for the seeded catalogue (`userId: null`),
-          // so a single custom rated tag made the whole restore throw
-          // "Unknown mood factor keys" — the file was complete and unusable.
-          for (const tag of payload.customMoodTags) {
-            await tx.moodTag.upsert({
-              where: { key: tag.key },
-              create: {
-                ...(tag.id ? { id: tag.id } : {}),
-                userId: ownerId,
-                key: tag.key,
-                labelKey: tag.labelKey,
-                categoryId: tag.categoryId,
-                kind: tag.kind,
-                isActive: tag.isActive,
-                icon: tag.icon ?? null,
-                sortOrder: tag.sortOrder,
-                labelEncrypted: tag.labelEncrypted ?? null,
-                scaleMin: tag.scaleMin,
-                scaleMax: tag.scaleMax,
-                inverse: tag.inverse,
-              },
-              // `key` is globally unique, so a seeded key would collide.
-              // Leave the catalogue row alone; the links resolve either way.
-              update: {},
-            });
-          }
-
-          // Which tags the account hid. Delete-then-recreate like every
-          // other section, and resolved by KEY: what people hide is almost
-          // always a seeded tag, whose id differs on every instance.
-          //
-          // A key this instance no longer knows costs one hidden row and is
-          // REPORTED. Dropping it silently would un-hide a factor the person
-          // had deliberately taken out of their mood editor, and they would
-          // have no way to know why it came back.
-          await tx.moodTagHidden.deleteMany({ where: { userId: ownerId } });
-          if (payload.hiddenMoodTags.length > 0) {
-            const hiddenKeys = payload.hiddenMoodTags.map((h) => h.key);
-            const hiddenRows = await tx.moodTag.findMany({
-              where: {
-                key: { in: [...new Set(hiddenKeys)] },
-                OR: [{ userId: null }, { userId: ownerId }],
-              },
-              select: { id: true, key: true },
-            });
-            const hiddenByKey = new Map(
-              hiddenRows.map((row) => [row.key, row.id]),
-            );
-            const unresolvedHidden: string[] = [];
-            const writableHidden = payload.hiddenMoodTags.filter((entry) => {
-              if (hiddenByKey.has(entry.key)) return true;
-              unresolvedHidden.push(entry.key);
-              return false;
-            });
-            if (writableHidden.length > 0) {
-              await tx.moodTagHidden.createMany({
-                data: writableHidden.map((entry) => ({
-                  userId: ownerId,
-                  moodTagId: hiddenByKey.get(entry.key)!,
-                  ...(entry.createdAt
-                    ? { createdAt: new Date(entry.createdAt) }
-                    : {}),
-                })),
-                skipDuplicates: true,
-              });
-            }
-            recordUnknownKeys(
-              skips,
-              "moodTag",
-              [...new Set(unresolvedHidden)],
-              unresolvedHidden,
-            );
-          }
-
           const factorRows =
             factorKeys.length === 0
               ? []
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-skips.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-skips.ts
index d79d09bbd..c8bb1fd92 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-skips.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-skips.ts
@@ -152,6 +152,25 @@
  * real foreign key, so the POINTER is dropped and the occurrence restores
  * unlinked. A portable export omits soft-deleted episodes, which is the
  * ordinary way an occurrence ends up naming one the file does not carry.
+ *
+ * The sixteenth, `cycleCiphertext`, is not a reference at all. It names a
+ * sealed cycle value (a day-log note, the sensitive-category envelope, a
+ * custom symptom's label) the file carried as ciphertext this host's keys do
+ * not open — a portable file written before v1.40 on a host with another key.
+ * Writing it back would store a value no reader can open, so the FIELD is kept
+ * out and the day or the symptom restores without it. Its key is the path in
+ * the file (`cycleDayLogs.<date>.notesEncrypted`), never the value.
+ *
+ * The seventeenth, `moodLabelCiphertext`, is the same for the label of a mood
+ * tag or mood category the account created
+ * (`customMoodTags.<key>.labelEncrypted`): the tag or category restores, under
+ * its key, without the person's own name for it.
+ *
+ * The eighteenth and nineteenth, `visitCiphertext` and `vaccinationCiphertext`,
+ * are the same again for the free text of the visits record (a practitioner's
+ * note, address and phone; a visit's reason, outcome and body site) and of a
+ * vaccination's note (`vaccinations.<id>.noteEncrypted`). The row restores
+ * without the field.
  */
 export type SkippedCatalogue =
   | "cycleSymptom"
@@ -172,7 +191,11 @@ export type SkippedCatalogue =
   | "scheduleRevisionLink"
   | "checkupClosure"
   | "accountSetting"
-  | "symptomEpisodeReference";
+  | "symptomEpisodeReference"
+  | "cycleCiphertext"
+  | "moodLabelCiphertext"
+  | "visitCiphertext"
+  | "vaccinationCiphertext";
 
 /** One key this instance does not know, and the links it cost. */
 export interface SkippedCatalogueKey {
diff --git a/src/lib/export/sealed-text.ts b/src/lib/export/sealed-text.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4773d6186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/export/sealed-text.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * Both ends of a sealed free-text column in a backup section: the string
+ * codec (`<keyId>.<base64>` in a text column — the cycle day-log note and
+ * sensitive envelope, custom cycle symptom and mood labels) and the shared
+ * bytes codec (the practitioner note, the visit's reason, outcome and body
+ * site, the vaccination note).
+ *
+ * The split is the one every other section uses. A disaster-recovery file
+ * carries the stored ciphertext, which the same instance's key reads back. A
+ * portable file carries the readable value (or the unreadable marker when
+ * the writing host could not open it), and the restore seals it under the
+ * receiving host's active key, because ciphertext from one host is noise on
+ * another.
+ *
+ * Portable files written before v1.40 carried these columns as ciphertext.
+ * They still restore: a ciphertext value is written back only when this
+ * host's keys open it. One that does not open is kept out of the row and its
+ * file path is recorded, so the caller can name it in the skip report rather
+ * than store a value nobody can read. That per-value check is why the key
+ * preflight leaves these sections out (`RESTORE_SELF_VERIFIED_SECTIONS`).
+ */
+import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+
+import { decryptFromBytes, encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
+import { decrypt, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
+import { UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER } from "@/lib/export/unreadable-marker";
+import { getEvent } from "@/lib/logging/context";
+
+/** Open a sealed value for a portable file, or the unreadable marker. */
+export function openSealedForExport(sealed: string, field: string): string {
+  try {
+    return decrypt(sealed);
+  } catch (err) {
+    getEvent()?.addWarning(
+      `${field} decrypt failed: ${
+        err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      }`,
+    );
+    return UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A readable value the file could not supply: the writer could not open it. */
+export const UNOPENED: unique symbol = Symbol("unopened");
+
+/**
+ * The sealed column value for one free-text field from the file.
+ *
+ * Ciphertext is written back only when this host opens it — a value sealed
+ * under a key this host does not hold (or the same key id over other key
+ * material) would be a row nobody can read. A readable value is sealed under
+ * this host's active key. Anything kept out is recorded under `path`.
+ */
+export function sealForRestore(
+  sealed: string | null | undefined,
+  readable: string | null | undefined | typeof UNOPENED,
+  path: string,
+  unopened: string[],
+): string | null {
+  if (sealed) {
+    try {
+      decrypt(sealed);
+      return sealed;
+    } catch {
+      unopened.push(path);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  if (readable === UNOPENED) {
+    unopened.push(path);
+    return null;
+  }
+  return readable ? encrypt(readable) : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The `Bytes` twin of {@link openSealedForExport}, for columns written with
+ * the shared bytes codec (`encryptToBytes`): the practitioner note, the
+ * visit's reason, outcome and body site, the vaccination note.
+ */
+export function openSealedBytesForExport(
+  sealed: Uint8Array | null,
+  field: string,
+): string | null {
+  if (!sealed || sealed.byteLength === 0) return null;
+  try {
+    return decryptFromBytes(sealed);
+  } catch (err) {
+    getEvent()?.addWarning(
+      `${field} decrypt failed: ${
+        err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+      }`,
+    );
+    return UNREADABLE_EXPORT_MARKER;
+  }
+}
+
+/** The stored `Bytes` ciphertext as a disaster-recovery file carries it. */
+export function encodeSealedBytes(value: Uint8Array | null): string | null {
+  if (!value || value.byteLength === 0) return null;
+  return Buffer.from(value).toString("base64");
+}
+
+function decodeBase64(encoded: string): Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> {
+  const decoded = Buffer.from(encoded, "base64");
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(decoded.byteLength));
+  bytes.set(decoded);
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The `Bytes` twin of {@link sealForRestore}. `sealed` is the base64 a
+ * disaster-recovery (or pre-v1.40 portable) file carries; it is written back
+ * only when this host opens it. A readable value is sealed under this host's
+ * active key.
+ */
+export function sealBytesForRestore(
+  sealed: string | null | undefined,
+  readable: string | null | undefined,
+  path: string,
+  unopened: string[],
+): Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> | null {
+  if (sealed) {
+    const bytes = decodeBase64(sealed);
+    try {
+      decryptFromBytes(bytes);
+      return bytes;
+    } catch {
+      unopened.push(path);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  return readable ? encryptToBytes(readable) : null;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/export/vaccinations-backup.ts b/src/lib/export/vaccinations-backup.ts
index f88bcc151..2e15242b0 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/vaccinations-backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/vaccinations-backup.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,11 @@
  *     guarantee `src/lib/vaccinations/__tests__/catalog-integrity.test.ts`
  *     holds.
  */
-import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+import {
+  encodeSealedBytes,
+  openSealedBytesForExport,
+  sealBytesForRestore,
+} from "@/lib/export/sealed-text";
 import type { Prisma, PrismaClient } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 import type { VaccinationSite } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 
@@ -72,8 +76,10 @@ export interface VaccinationBackupEntry {
    * lacks the reminder.
    */
   reminderId: string | null;
-  /** Base64 ciphertext, carried verbatim — never decrypted into the file. */
-  noteEncrypted: string | null;
+  /** Base64 ciphertext; disaster-recovery payloads only. */
+  noteEncrypted?: string | null;
+  /** The note readable; portable payloads only. */
+  note?: string | null;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -96,12 +102,6 @@ export interface VaccinationsBackupCounts {
   vaccinationLinks: number;
 }
 
-/** Base64 for a `Bytes` ciphertext column, or null when the column is empty. */
-function encodeCiphertext(value: Uint8Array | null): string | null {
-  if (!value || value.byteLength === 0) return null;
-  return Buffer.from(value).toString("base64");
-}
-
 /**
  * Named select constants, one per model — a structural matcher binds a model
  * to the literal beside its delegate call, and an inline object inside a
@@ -172,7 +172,14 @@ export async function buildVaccinationsBackupSection(
       practitionerId: row.practitionerId,
       encounterId: row.encounterId,
       reminderId: row.reminderId,
-      noteEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(row.noteEncrypted),
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? { noteEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(row.noteEncrypted) }
+        : {
+            note: openSealedBytesForExport(
+              row.noteEncrypted,
+              "vaccination note",
+            ),
+          }),
       createdAt: row.createdAt.toISOString(),
       updatedAt: row.updatedAt.toISOString(),
       ...(disasterRecovery
@@ -240,16 +247,10 @@ export type RestoredVaccination = Pick<
       | "encounterId"
       | "reminderId"
       | "noteEncrypted"
+      | "note"
     >
   > & { deletedAt?: string | null };
 
-function decodeCiphertext(encoded: string): Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> {
-  const decoded = Buffer.from(encoded, "base64");
-  const bytes = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(decoded.byteLength));
-  bytes.set(decoded);
-  return bytes;
-}
-
 /**
  * Re-create the account's immunization log and its document links.
  *
@@ -307,6 +308,8 @@ export async function restoreVaccinationsData(
   const droppedPractitioners: string[] = [];
   const droppedEncounters: string[] = [];
   const droppedReminders: string[] = [];
+  // Sealed notes this host's keys do not open, by file path.
+  const unopened: string[] = [];
 
   if (payload.vaccinations.length > 0) {
     await tx.vaccinationRecord.createMany({
@@ -349,10 +352,12 @@ export async function restoreVaccinationsData(
           practitionerId,
           encounterId,
           reminderId,
-          noteEncrypted:
-            entry.noteEncrypted == null
-              ? null
-              : decodeCiphertext(entry.noteEncrypted),
+          noteEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+            entry.noteEncrypted,
+            entry.note,
+            `vaccinations.${entry.id}.noteEncrypted`,
+            unopened,
+          ),
           createdAt: new Date(entry.createdAt),
           updatedAt: new Date(entry.updatedAt),
           deletedAt: entry.deletedAt ? new Date(entry.deletedAt) : null,
@@ -379,6 +384,7 @@ export async function restoreVaccinationsData(
     [...new Set(droppedReminders)],
     droppedReminders,
   );
+  recordUnknownKeys(skips, "vaccinationCiphertext", unopened, unopened);
 
   const restoredVaccinations = new Set(
     payload.vaccinations.map((entry) => entry.id),
diff --git a/src/lib/export/visits-backup.ts b/src/lib/export/visits-backup.ts
index 32ebca5f4..2957bb947 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/visits-backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/visits-backup.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
  *     result ids, so a lab link in one cannot resolve; a disaster-recovery
  *     payload carries every id and they all do.
  */
-import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
 import type { Prisma, PrismaClient } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 import type {
   EncounterKind,
@@ -42,6 +41,11 @@ import type {
 } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 
 import { encryptNote } from "@/lib/crypto/note-cipher";
+import {
+  encodeSealedBytes,
+  openSealedBytesForExport,
+  sealBytesForRestore,
+} from "@/lib/export/sealed-text";
 import { readPractitionerContact } from "@/lib/practitioners/dto";
 import {
   recordUnknownKeys,
@@ -71,8 +75,10 @@ export interface PractitionerBackupEntry {
   locationEncrypted?: string | null;
   /** Base64 ciphertext of the phone number, disaster-recovery payloads only. */
   phoneEncrypted?: string | null;
-  /** Base64 ciphertext, carried verbatim — never decrypted into the file. */
-  noteEncrypted: string | null;
+  /** Base64 ciphertext; disaster-recovery payloads only. */
+  noteEncrypted?: string | null;
+  /** The note readable; portable payloads only. */
+  note?: string | null;
   createdAt: string;
   updatedAt: string;
   deletedAt?: string | null;
@@ -87,10 +93,15 @@ export interface EncounterBackupEntry {
   status: EncounterStatus;
   kind: EncounterKind;
   practitionerId: string | null;
-  reasonEncrypted: string | null;
-  outcomeEncrypted: string | null;
+  /** Base64 ciphertext; disaster-recovery payloads only. */
+  reasonEncrypted?: string | null;
+  outcomeEncrypted?: string | null;
   /** The procedure's body site, ciphertext like the two above (v1.39.1). */
-  bodySiteEncrypted: string | null;
+  bodySiteEncrypted?: string | null;
+  /** The three readable; portable payloads only. */
+  reason?: string | null;
+  outcome?: string | null;
+  bodySite?: string | null;
   laterality: Laterality | null;
   /**
    * The appointment's reminder row, which restores in the same run since
@@ -124,12 +135,6 @@ export interface VisitsBackupCounts {
   encounterLinks: number;
 }
 
-/** Base64 for a `Bytes` ciphertext column, or null when the column is empty. */
-function encodeCiphertext(value: Uint8Array | null): string | null {
-  if (!value || value.byteLength === 0) return null;
-  return Buffer.from(value).toString("base64");
-}
-
 /**
  * Named select constants, one per model.
  *
@@ -256,10 +261,10 @@ export async function buildVisitsBackupSection(
         ? {
             location: null,
             phone: null,
-            locationEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(
+            locationEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(
               row.locationEncrypted ?? encryptNote(row.location),
             ),
-            phoneEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(
+            phoneEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(
               row.phoneEncrypted ?? encryptNote(row.phone),
             ),
           }
@@ -275,7 +280,14 @@ export async function buildVisitsBackupSection(
               "phone",
             ),
           }),
-      noteEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(row.noteEncrypted),
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? { noteEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(row.noteEncrypted) }
+        : {
+            note: openSealedBytesForExport(
+              row.noteEncrypted,
+              "practitioner note",
+            ),
+          }),
       createdAt: row.createdAt.toISOString(),
       updatedAt: row.updatedAt.toISOString(),
       ...(disasterRecovery
@@ -288,9 +300,26 @@ export async function buildVisitsBackupSection(
       status: row.status,
       kind: row.kind,
       practitionerId: row.practitionerId,
-      reasonEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(row.reasonEncrypted),
-      outcomeEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(row.outcomeEncrypted),
-      bodySiteEncrypted: encodeCiphertext(row.bodySiteEncrypted),
+      ...(disasterRecovery
+        ? {
+            reasonEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(row.reasonEncrypted),
+            outcomeEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(row.outcomeEncrypted),
+            bodySiteEncrypted: encodeSealedBytes(row.bodySiteEncrypted),
+          }
+        : {
+            reason: openSealedBytesForExport(
+              row.reasonEncrypted,
+              "visit reason",
+            ),
+            outcome: openSealedBytesForExport(
+              row.outcomeEncrypted,
+              "visit outcome",
+            ),
+            bodySite: openSealedBytesForExport(
+              row.bodySiteEncrypted,
+              "visit body site",
+            ),
+          }),
       laterality: row.laterality,
       reminderId: row.reminderId,
       createdAt: row.createdAt.toISOString(),
@@ -380,6 +409,7 @@ export type RestoredPractitioner = Pick<
       | "locationEncrypted"
       | "phoneEncrypted"
       | "noteEncrypted"
+      | "note"
     >
   > & { deletedAt?: string | null };
 
@@ -394,18 +424,14 @@ export type RestoredEncounter = Pick<
       | "reasonEncrypted"
       | "outcomeEncrypted"
       | "bodySiteEncrypted"
+      | "reason"
+      | "outcome"
+      | "bodySite"
       | "laterality"
       | "reminderId"
     >
   > & { deletedAt?: string | null };
 
-function decodeCiphertext(encoded: string): Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer> {
-  const decoded = Buffer.from(encoded, "base64");
-  const bytes = new Uint8Array(new ArrayBuffer(decoded.byteLength));
-  bytes.set(decoded);
-  return bytes;
-}
-
 /**
  * Re-create the account's visits, address book and link rows.
  *
@@ -440,6 +466,9 @@ export async function restoreVisitsData(
     where: { userId: ownerId },
   });
 
+  // Sealed values this host's keys do not open, by file path.
+  const unopened: string[] = [];
+
   if (payload.practitioners.length > 0) {
     await tx.practitioner.createMany({
       data: payload.practitioners.map((entry) => ({
@@ -451,18 +480,24 @@ export async function restoreVisitsData(
         // v1.39.4 — ciphertext wins when a disaster-recovery file carried it;
         // a portable file's (or an older file's) readable value is sealed
         // under this instance's key. The readable columns are never written.
-        locationEncrypted:
-          entry.locationEncrypted != null
-            ? decodeCiphertext(entry.locationEncrypted)
-            : encryptNote(entry.location),
-        phoneEncrypted:
-          entry.phoneEncrypted != null
-            ? decodeCiphertext(entry.phoneEncrypted)
-            : encryptNote(entry.phone),
-        noteEncrypted:
-          entry.noteEncrypted == null
-            ? null
-            : decodeCiphertext(entry.noteEncrypted),
+        locationEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+          entry.locationEncrypted,
+          entry.location,
+          `practitioners.${entry.id}.locationEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
+        phoneEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+          entry.phoneEncrypted,
+          entry.phone,
+          `practitioners.${entry.id}.phoneEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
+        noteEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+          entry.noteEncrypted,
+          entry.note,
+          `practitioners.${entry.id}.noteEncrypted`,
+          unopened,
+        ),
         createdAt: new Date(entry.createdAt),
         updatedAt: new Date(entry.updatedAt),
         deletedAt: entry.deletedAt ? new Date(entry.deletedAt) : null,
@@ -517,20 +552,26 @@ export async function restoreVisitsData(
           status: entry.status,
           kind: entry.kind,
           practitionerId,
-          reasonEncrypted:
-            entry.reasonEncrypted == null
-              ? null
-              : decodeCiphertext(entry.reasonEncrypted),
-          outcomeEncrypted:
-            entry.outcomeEncrypted == null
-              ? null
-              : decodeCiphertext(entry.outcomeEncrypted),
+          reasonEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+            entry.reasonEncrypted,
+            entry.reason,
+            `encounters.${entry.id}.reasonEncrypted`,
+            unopened,
+          ),
+          outcomeEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+            entry.outcomeEncrypted,
+            entry.outcome,
+            `encounters.${entry.id}.outcomeEncrypted`,
+            unopened,
+          ),
           // Absent in a file written before v1.39.1: the visit comes back
           // with no site, which is what it had.
-          bodySiteEncrypted:
-            entry.bodySiteEncrypted == null
-              ? null
-              : decodeCiphertext(entry.bodySiteEncrypted),
+          bodySiteEncrypted: sealBytesForRestore(
+            entry.bodySiteEncrypted,
+            entry.bodySite,
+            `encounters.${entry.id}.bodySiteEncrypted`,
+            unopened,
+          ),
           laterality: entry.laterality ?? null,
           reminderId,
           createdAt: new Date(entry.createdAt),
@@ -553,6 +594,7 @@ export async function restoreVisitsData(
     [...new Set(droppedReminders)],
     droppedReminders,
   );
+  recordUnknownKeys(skips, "visitCiphertext", unopened, unopened);
 
   const restoredEncounters = new Set(payload.encounters.map((e) => e.id));
 
diff --git a/src/lib/idempotency.ts b/src/lib/idempotency.ts
index 70e2ddcbc..7b374faf3 100644
--- a/src/lib/idempotency.ts
+++ b/src/lib/idempotency.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,19 @@
  * the record the request claims is folded into `key` (see `cellKey`), so the
  * tuple identifies a request to one person's record rather than a request by
  * one person. A caller acting only as themselves is unaffected, byte for byte.
+ *
+ * A cell also remembers WHICH request it answered: a SHA-256 of the canonical
+ * request body (`requestFingerprint`). A key names one request, not a slot, and
+ * a client that reuses a key for a second, different request must not be
+ * handed the first request's response. Native clients up to 1.1.0 sent the two
+ * halves of a manual blood pressure as two POSTs under one key; the second half
+ * replayed the first's 201 and was never written. A lookup therefore replays,
+ * or reports in-flight, only for the same body. A different body — or a row
+ * written before fingerprints existed — runs the handler normally without
+ * claiming or caching anything, and the existing cell stays for its own
+ * retries. This is deliberately not the IETF draft's 422: refusing would turn
+ * every affected client's second write into a visible error with no way for
+ * the person to recover the value.
  */
 import type { NextRequest } from "next/server";
 import { headers } from "next/headers";
@@ -109,6 +122,155 @@ export interface IdempotencyContext {
   key: string;
   method: string;
   path: string;
+  /** See `requestFingerprint`. Never the body itself. */
+  fingerprint: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * How much of a body the fingerprint reads before it stops. The wrapper runs
+ * before the handler's own bounded readers and upload slots, so it must not
+ * buffer an arbitrarily large body on their behalf: reading the clone holds
+ * what it has read in the original's queue until the handler consumes it.
+ * Every JSON write the cache fronts is far below this; the one multipart route
+ * (document upload) is above it, and there the prefix plus the declared length
+ * identifies a retry of the same upload, with the route's own content hash as
+ * the duplicate check behind it.
+ */
+const FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+
+/**
+ * JSON with every object's keys sorted, recursively. Arrays keep their order —
+ * it is part of the request. Exported for its unit tests.
+ */
+export function canonicalJson(value: unknown): string {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return `[${value.map((v) => canonicalJson(v)).join(",")}]`;
+  }
+  if (value !== null && typeof value === "object") {
+    const entries = Object.keys(value)
+      .sort()
+      .map(
+        (k) =>
+          `${JSON.stringify(k)}:${canonicalJson((value as Record<string, unknown>)[k])}`,
+      );
+    return `{${entries.join(",")}}`;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace every occurrence of the multipart boundary named in `contentType`
+ * with a fixed token. Any other body is returned as it is.
+ */
+function withoutMultipartBoundary(
+  body: Uint8Array,
+  contentType: string | null,
+): Uint8Array {
+  if (!contentType || !/^multipart\//i.test(contentType)) return body;
+  const match = /;\s*boundary="?([^";]+)"?/i.exec(contentType);
+  if (!match) return body;
+  const boundary = Buffer.from(match[1], "utf8");
+  const token = Buffer.from("boundary", "utf8");
+  const source = Buffer.from(body.buffer, body.byteOffset, body.byteLength);
+  const parts: Buffer[] = [];
+  let from = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    const at = source.indexOf(boundary, from);
+    if (at === -1) break;
+    parts.push(source.subarray(from, at), token);
+    from = at + boundary.length;
+  }
+  if (parts.length === 0) return body;
+  parts.push(source.subarray(from));
+  return new Uint8Array(Buffer.concat(parts));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The fingerprint of a request: SHA-256 hex over method, path and the body in
+ * canonical form. A body that parses as JSON is hashed as `canonicalJson`, so
+ * the same object serialised with a different key order is the same request;
+ * anything else (multipart, plain text, an empty body) is hashed as its raw
+ * bytes. `truncatedAt` marks a body cut at `FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES`, hashed as
+ * that raw prefix together with the declared length. A multipart body has its
+ * boundary replaced by a fixed token first: a client that rebuilds the form
+ * for a retry picks a fresh random boundary, and the same upload must still
+ * replay. Exported for unit tests.
+ */
+export function requestFingerprint(
+  method: string,
+  path: string,
+  rawBody: Uint8Array,
+  truncatedAt: string | null = null,
+  contentType: string | null = null,
+): string {
+  const body = withoutMultipartBoundary(rawBody, contentType);
+  const hash = createHash("sha256")
+    .update(method)
+    .update("\0")
+    .update(path)
+    .update("\0");
+  if (truncatedAt !== null) {
+    return hash.update(`partial:${truncatedAt}\0`).update(body).digest("hex");
+  }
+  if (body.length > 0) {
+    try {
+      const text = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true }).decode(body);
+      return hash
+        .update("json:")
+        .update(canonicalJson(JSON.parse(text)))
+        .digest("hex");
+    } catch {
+      // Not UTF-8 or not JSON — fall through to the raw bytes.
+    }
+  }
+  return hash.update("raw:").update(body).digest("hex");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read the request's body from a clone, at most `FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES`, and
+ * fingerprint it. The original request keeps its body for the handler.
+ */
+async function fingerprintRequest(
+  request: Request | NextRequest,
+  path: string,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const stream = request.clone().body;
+  if (!stream)
+    return requestFingerprint(request.method, path, new Uint8Array());
+  const reader = stream.getReader();
+  const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+  let total = 0;
+  let truncated = false;
+  for (;;) {
+    const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+    if (done) break;
+    if (total + value.byteLength > FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES) {
+      chunks.push(value.subarray(0, FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES - total));
+      total = FINGERPRINT_MAX_BYTES;
+      truncated = true;
+      // Cancelling this branch of the tee stops it from queueing the rest of
+      // the body, and leaves the handler's branch intact. Not awaited: a tee
+      // branch's cancel settles only once BOTH branches are done, which is
+      // after the handler has run.
+      void reader.cancel().catch(() => {});
+      break;
+    }
+    chunks.push(value);
+    total += value.byteLength;
+  }
+  const body = new Uint8Array(total);
+  let offset = 0;
+  for (const chunk of chunks) {
+    body.set(chunk, offset);
+    offset += chunk.byteLength;
+  }
+  return requestFingerprint(
+    request.method,
+    path,
+    body,
+    truncated ? (request.headers.get("content-length") ?? "unknown") : null,
+    request.headers.get("content-type"),
+  );
 }
 
 function getIdempotencyKey(request: Request | NextRequest): string | null {
@@ -125,10 +287,16 @@ function getIdempotencyKey(request: Request | NextRequest): string | null {
  *   - `{ kind: "pending" }` — another request holds an in-flight claim
  *                             for this key; the caller must NOT run the
  *                             handler again.
+ *   - `{ kind: "mismatch" }` — the live row answered a different body (or
+ *                             predates fingerprints); the caller runs the
+ *                             handler without claiming or caching.
  *   - `null`                — no live row; the caller may claim + run.
  */
 type CacheLookup =
-  { kind: "replay"; response: NextResponse } | { kind: "pending" } | null;
+  | { kind: "replay"; response: NextResponse }
+  | { kind: "pending" }
+  | { kind: "mismatch" }
+  | null;
 
 /**
  * Look up the state of a (userId, key, method, path) tuple. Distinguishes
@@ -157,6 +325,13 @@ async function findCached(ctx: IdempotencyContext): Promise<CacheLookup> {
     return null;
   }
 
+  // Checked before both the pending and the replay arm: a different request
+  // under the same key is neither in flight nor answered. A legacy row's null
+  // never equals a fingerprint.
+  if (row.requestFingerprint !== ctx.fingerprint) {
+    return { kind: "mismatch" };
+  }
+
   if (row.responseStatus === PENDING_STATUS) {
     // A concurrent request claimed this key and is still running its
     // side-effect. Signal the caller to refuse rather than double-execute.
@@ -208,6 +383,7 @@ async function claimKey(ctx: IdempotencyContext): Promise<boolean> {
         key: ctx.key,
         method: ctx.method,
         path: ctx.path,
+        requestFingerprint: ctx.fingerprint,
         responseStatus: PENDING_STATUS,
         responseBody: "",
         expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + PENDING_TTL_MS),
@@ -233,6 +409,7 @@ async function releaseClaim(ctx: IdempotencyContext): Promise<void> {
         key: ctx.key,
         method: ctx.method,
         path: ctx.path,
+        requestFingerprint: ctx.fingerprint,
         responseStatus: PENDING_STATUS,
       },
     })
@@ -312,6 +489,7 @@ async function persistCached(
         key: ctx.key,
         method: ctx.method,
         path: ctx.path,
+        requestFingerprint: ctx.fingerprint,
       },
       data: {
         responseStatus: response.status,
@@ -502,6 +680,23 @@ async function narrowTokenFacet(): Promise<string | null> {
   return apiToken.permissions.includes("*") ? null : `t:${apiToken.id}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Run a request whose key is already taken by a different body: the handler
+ * runs exactly as it would without a key, and nothing is claimed or cached, so
+ * the existing cell keeps answering its own retries.
+ */
+function runUncached<Args extends [Request | NextRequest, ...unknown[]]>(
+  ctx: IdempotencyContext,
+  handler: (...args: Args) => Promise<Response>,
+  args: Args,
+): Promise<Response> {
+  annotate({
+    action: { name: "idempotency.key.body_mismatch" },
+    meta: { method: ctx.method, path: ctx.path },
+  });
+  return handler(...args);
+}
+
 export function withIdempotency<
   Args extends [Request | NextRequest, ...unknown[]],
 >(
@@ -589,14 +784,27 @@ export function withIdempotency<
     if (tokenFacet !== null) facets.push(tokenFacet);
 
     const url = new URL(request.url);
+    const fingerprint = await fingerprintRequest(request, url.pathname).catch(
+      () => null,
+    );
+    if (fingerprint === null) {
+      // The body could not be read for the fingerprint (already consumed, or
+      // the stream failed). Without knowing which request this is, no cell
+      // may answer for it; the handler meets the body problem itself.
+      return handler(...args);
+    }
     const ctx: IdempotencyContext = {
       userId,
       key: cellKey(key, claimedRecord, facets),
       method: request.method,
       path: url.pathname,
+      fingerprint,
     };
 
     const cached = await findCached(ctx);
+    if (cached?.kind === "mismatch") {
+      return runUncached(ctx, handler, args);
+    }
     if (cached?.kind === "replay") {
       return cached.response;
     }
@@ -617,6 +825,13 @@ export function withIdempotency<
     // one caller may execute the side-effect for a given key.
     const won = await claimKey(ctx);
     if (!won) {
+      // The racing claim may be a different request under the same key —
+      // the two halves of one reading posted together. That one is not a
+      // duplicate of this one and must still run.
+      const raced = await findCached(ctx);
+      if (raced?.kind === "mismatch") {
+        return runUncached(ctx, handler, args);
+      }
       annotate({
         action: { name: "idempotency.inflight_conflict" },
         meta: { method: ctx.method, path: ctx.path },
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/document-thumbnail.test.ts b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/document-thumbnail.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4270507d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/document-thumbnail.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+/**
+ * GitHub #1124 — the thumbnail job ran 355 times on one instance, left
+ * sixteen PDFs without a preview, and the log held not one line about it:
+ * the job opened no wide event, so every annotation went nowhere. Pins: each
+ * run is a `job.document_thumbnail` background event; a run that should have
+ * made a preview and did not is raised to `warn` with the reason; a type that
+ * never has a preview stays at info.
+ */
+
+const { evt, findFirst, upsert, generateThumbnail, withBackgroundEvent } =
+  vi.hoisted(() => {
+    const evt = { addMeta: vi.fn(), elevateLevel: vi.fn() };
+    return {
+      evt,
+      findFirst: vi.fn(),
+      upsert: vi.fn(),
+      generateThumbnail: vi.fn(),
+      withBackgroundEvent: vi.fn(
+        async (_name: string, fn: (e: typeof evt) => Promise<unknown>) =>
+          fn(evt),
+      ),
+    };
+  });
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
+  prisma: {
+    inboundDocument: { findFirst },
+    documentThumbnail: { upsert },
+  },
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/documents/store", () => ({
+  decryptDocumentContent: vi.fn(() => Buffer.from("%PDF-1.7")),
+  encryptThumbnail: vi.fn(() => new Uint8Array([1])),
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/documents/thumbnail", () => ({ generateThumbnail }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/jobs/boss-instance", () => ({ getGlobalBoss: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({ annotate: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/background", () => ({ withBackgroundEvent }));
+
+import { runDocumentThumbnail } from "../document-thumbnail";
+
+const DOC = {
+  id: "doc-1",
+  mimeType: "application/pdf",
+  contentEncrypted: new Uint8Array([1]),
+  contentCodec: "binary2",
+  thumbnail: null,
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+  findFirst.mockResolvedValue(DOC);
+});
+
+describe("runDocumentThumbnail wide event", () => {
+  it("runs inside a background event named for the job", async () => {
+    generateThumbnail.mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, reason: "raster-failed" });
+    await runDocumentThumbnail({ userId: "user-1", documentId: "doc-1" });
+    expect(withBackgroundEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "job.document_thumbnail",
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+    expect(evt.addMeta).toHaveBeenCalledWith("document_id", "doc-1");
+  });
+
+  it("warns with the reason when a PDF gets no preview", async () => {
+    generateThumbnail.mockResolvedValue({ ok: false, reason: "error" });
+    await runDocumentThumbnail({ userId: "user-1", documentId: "doc-1" });
+    expect(evt.elevateLevel).toHaveBeenCalledWith("warn");
+    expect(evt.addMeta).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      "thumbnail_missing_reason",
+      "error",
+    );
+    expect(upsert).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("stays at info for a type that never has a preview", async () => {
+    findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ ...DOC, mimeType: "text/plain" });
+    generateThumbnail.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      reason: "unsupported-type",
+    });
+    await runDocumentThumbnail({ userId: "user-1", documentId: "doc-1" });
+    expect(evt.elevateLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("stores the preview and stays at info when one is made", async () => {
+    generateThumbnail.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      thumbnail: { jpeg: Buffer.from([0xff, 0xd8]), width: 2, height: 3 },
+    });
+    await runDocumentThumbnail({ userId: "user-1", documentId: "doc-1" });
+    expect(upsert).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(evt.elevateLevel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/document-thumbnail.ts b/src/lib/jobs/document-thumbnail.ts
index 91a8d44ed..1b0a1a91d 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/document-thumbnail.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/document-thumbnail.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
  * kind icon), and `runDocumentThumbnail` returns cleanly so pg-boss does not
  * retry it. Only an unexpected throw (a DB hiccup) propagates for retry.
  *
+ * Each run is one background wide event (`job.document_thumbnail`). A run
+ * that should have produced a preview and did not is raised to `warn` with
+ * the reason, so a document left with its kind icon is explained in the log.
+ * Without the event every annotation below went nowhere: a whole class of
+ * PDFs went without previews for weeks and the log never said so.
+ *
  * The queue MUST be registered in the maintenance registrar
  * (`src/lib/jobs/reminder/register-maintenance.ts`) so pg-boss provisions it.
  */
@@ -25,6 +31,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/documents/store";
 import { generateThumbnail } from "@/lib/documents/thumbnail";
 import { getGlobalBoss } from "@/lib/jobs/boss-instance";
+import { withBackgroundEvent } from "@/lib/logging/background";
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 
 export const DOCUMENT_THUMBNAIL_QUEUE = "document-thumbnail";
@@ -49,7 +56,20 @@ export async function runDocumentThumbnail(
 ): Promise<void> {
   const { userId, documentId } = payload;
   if (!userId || !documentId) return;
+  await withBackgroundEvent("job.document_thumbnail", async (evt) => {
+    evt.addMeta("document_id", documentId);
+    await renderThumbnail(userId, documentId, (reason) => {
+      evt.addMeta("thumbnail_missing_reason", reason);
+      evt.elevateLevel("warn");
+    });
+  });
+}
 
+async function renderThumbnail(
+  userId: string,
+  documentId: string,
+  warn: (reason: string) => void,
+): Promise<void> {
   // Owner-scoped load; the blob column is selected ONLY here (the job that
   // renders the preview), never in the list/detail queries. Skip a document
   // that already has a thumbnail so a re-enqueue is a cheap no-op.
@@ -84,6 +104,7 @@ export async function runDocumentThumbnail(
       action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.decryptFailed" },
       meta: { documentId },
     });
+    warn("decrypt-failed");
     return;
   }
 
@@ -91,8 +112,11 @@ export async function runDocumentThumbnail(
   if (!result.ok) {
     annotate({
       action: { name: "documents.thumbnail.run" },
-      meta: { documentId, generated: false },
+      meta: { documentId, generated: false, mimeType: document.mimeType },
     });
+    // An Office or text document has no preview by design; anything else
+    // was meant to get one.
+    if (result.reason !== "unsupported-type") warn(result.reason);
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/medications/courses.ts b/src/lib/medications/courses.ts
index 760c5baee..4abd7b7d0 100644
--- a/src/lib/medications/courses.ts
+++ b/src/lib/medications/courses.ts
@@ -323,57 +323,69 @@ function windowAsCourse(
  * Clearing both on a medication with one course deletes it (chronic again,
  * the pre-course meaning of no dates); on one with several it is refused,
  * because it would silently drop the history.
+ *
+ * `tx` runs the write inside the caller's transaction, so the PUT's row
+ * update and this course write commit or roll back together: a refusal here
+ * then leaves nothing of the PUT behind.
  */
 export async function setCurrentWindow(
   args: WriteContext & { startsOn: Date | null; endsOn: Date | null },
+  tx?: Tx,
+): Promise<ProjectedWindow> {
+  return tx
+    ? writeCurrentWindow(tx, args)
+    : prisma.$transaction((own) => writeCurrentWindow(own, args));
+}
+
+async function writeCurrentWindow(
+  tx: Tx,
+  args: WriteContext & { startsOn: Date | null; endsOn: Date | null },
 ): Promise<ProjectedWindow> {
   const todayKey = userDayKey(args.now ?? new Date(), args.timeZone);
-  return prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-    await lockMedication(tx, args.medicationId);
-    const { medication, courses } = await loadOwned(
-      tx,
-      args.userId,
-      args.medicationId,
-    );
-    const latest = sortCourses(courses).at(-1);
+  await lockMedication(tx, args.medicationId);
+  const { medication, courses } = await loadOwned(
+    tx,
+    args.userId,
+    args.medicationId,
+  );
+  const latest = sortCourses(courses).at(-1);
 
-    if (args.startsOn === null && args.endsOn === null) {
-      if (!latest) return project(tx, args.medicationId);
-      if (courses.length > 1) throw new CourseWriteError("windowRequired");
-      await tx.medicationCourse.delete({ where: { id: latest.id } });
-      return project(tx, args.medicationId);
-    }
-
-    const next = windowAsCourse(
-      args.startsOn,
-      args.endsOn,
-      latest,
-      medication.createdAt,
-      args.timeZone,
-    );
-
-    if (latest) {
-      refuseIfInvalid(
-        courses.map((c) => (c.id === latest.id ? next : c)),
-        todayKey,
-        medication.oneShot,
-      );
-      await tx.medicationCourse.update({
-        where: { id: latest.id },
-        data: next,
-      });
-    } else {
-      refuseIfInvalid([next], todayKey, medication.oneShot);
-      await tx.medicationCourse.create({
-        data: {
-          medicationId: args.medicationId,
-          userId: args.userId,
-          ...next,
-        },
-      });
-    }
+  if (args.startsOn === null && args.endsOn === null) {
+    if (!latest) return project(tx, args.medicationId);
+    if (courses.length > 1) throw new CourseWriteError("windowRequired");
+    await tx.medicationCourse.delete({ where: { id: latest.id } });
     return project(tx, args.medicationId);
-  });
+  }
+
+  const next = windowAsCourse(
+    args.startsOn,
+    args.endsOn,
+    latest,
+    medication.createdAt,
+    args.timeZone,
+  );
+
+  if (latest) {
+    refuseIfInvalid(
+      courses.map((c) => (c.id === latest.id ? next : c)),
+      todayKey,
+      medication.oneShot,
+    );
+    await tx.medicationCourse.update({
+      where: { id: latest.id },
+      data: next,
+    });
+  } else {
+    refuseIfInvalid([next], todayKey, medication.oneShot);
+    await tx.medicationCourse.create({
+      data: {
+        medicationId: args.medicationId,
+        userId: args.userId,
+        ...next,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+  return project(tx, args.medicationId);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/openapi/routes/insights/schemas.ts b/src/lib/openapi/routes/insights/schemas.ts
index cc49e7eca..16b65fd5b 100644
--- a/src/lib/openapi/routes/insights/schemas.ts
+++ b/src/lib/openapi/routes/insights/schemas.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   SPARKLINE_MAX_POINTS,
 } from "@/lib/insights/derived/types";
 import { ANALYTICS_RANGES } from "@/lib/analytics/range-delta";
-import { PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES } from "@/lib/ai/provider-chain";
+import { providerChainPutSchema } from "@/lib/validations/ai-provider";
 import { PERIOD_DAYS } from "@/lib/insights/narrative/period-narrative";
 import { aiCapabilityState } from "../profile";
 
@@ -2531,36 +2531,11 @@ export const providerChainResponse = z
       "The account's AI-provider chain as the settings surface reads it. Provider TYPES and boolean state only — no key, token or account id is ever on this wire.",
   });
 
-export const providerChainPutRequest = z
-  .object({
-    chain: z
-      .array(
-        z.object({
-          providerType: z
-            .enum(PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES as unknown as [string, ...string[]])
-            .describe(
-              "Closed allow-list. The mock provider is excluded from it structurally, which is what keeps production from reaching one.",
-            ),
-          priority: z
-            .number()
-            .int()
-            .optional()
-            .describe(
-              "ACCEPTED AND IGNORED. Priority is recomputed from the array's insertion order, so a stale client cannot persist a chain whose displayed order disagrees with its stored one. Send the order you want as the order of the array.",
-            ),
-          enabled: z.boolean(),
-        }),
-      )
-      .min(1)
-      .describe(
-        "The whole chain, in the order it should be walked. At least one entry and at most one per known provider type; a repeated type is refused.",
-      ),
-  })
-  .meta({
-    id: "ProviderChainPutRequest",
-    description:
-      "Replaces the account's provider chain wholesale. No credential is written or read here — only which provider types exist, in what order, and which are enabled.",
-  });
+export const providerChainPutRequest = providerChainPutSchema.meta({
+  id: "ProviderChainPutRequest",
+  description:
+    "Replaces the account's provider chain wholesale. No credential is written or read here — only which provider types exist, in what order, which are enabled, and the reasoning setting of the Local and OpenAI-compatible entries.",
+});
 
 // ── Read-only advisor + generation (`/api/insights/generate`) ─────────
 
diff --git a/src/lib/openapi/routes/profile.ts b/src/lib/openapi/routes/profile.ts
index 257f01428..261cd63a5 100644
--- a/src/lib/openapi/routes/profile.ts
+++ b/src/lib/openapi/routes/profile.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/validations/user-prefs";
 import {
   aiProviderPatchSchema,
+  reasoningEffortSchema,
   aiTestOverrideSchema,
 } from "@/lib/validations/ai-provider";
 import {
@@ -674,6 +675,12 @@ const aiProviderResponse = z
       .describe(
         "v1.22 (#89) — per-user response timeout for AI generation, in seconds (10–600). Null = the built-in comprehensive-briefing default (~120 s). Mainly for slow local/self-hosted backends.",
       ),
+    localReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortSchema.describe(
+      "#1126 — reasoning setting of the Local provider entry, sent as `reasoning_effort` (`none` = Off). Null = Default: the key is not sent.",
+    ),
+    compatReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortSchema.describe(
+      "#1126 — the same for the OpenAI-compatible gateway entry.",
+    ),
     // v1.38.19 — the setup flow's last screen used to promise
     // that insights "work for you right away" as soon as `managedBy` read
     // `server`. That is a presence read; it never knew whether the key
diff --git a/src/lib/openapi/routes/shared.ts b/src/lib/openapi/routes/shared.ts
index c96613bc0..831933630 100644
--- a/src/lib/openapi/routes/shared.ts
+++ b/src/lib/openapi/routes/shared.ts
@@ -391,7 +391,8 @@ export const profileEmailRateLimitResponse = {
  *
  * Scope, so nobody reads more into it than is there: only POST, PUT, PATCH and
  * DELETE are covered (`SUPPORTED_METHODS`), the key is scoped per user and per
- * `(method, path)`, and `isCachableStatus` refuses to cache 5xx or the
+ * `(method, path)`, a replay needs the same body (a different body under the
+ * same key runs as a new write and is neither replayed nor refused), and `isCachableStatus` refuses to cache 5xx or the
  * transient 401 / 403 / 408 / 429 — a retry after one of those runs for real.
  *
  * `src/__tests__/idempotency-contract-publication.test.ts` holds this to the
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ export const idempotencyKeyParameter = {
     maxLength: 128,
   },
   description:
-    "Makes this write safe to retry. Send the same key again and the first response is replayed rather than the work repeated, marked with `X-Idempotent-Replay: true`. A key that does not match the pattern is IGNORED rather than refused — the write then proceeds unprotected and looks exactly like a request that carried no key, so validate the key on your side. Scoped per user and per (method, path): the same key on a different route is a different key. While a first request under this key is still in flight, a second is refused with 409 rather than queued.",
+    "Makes this write safe to retry. Send the same key with the same body again and the first response is replayed rather than the work repeated, marked with `X-Idempotent-Replay: true`. The body is compared as JSON with key order ignored; a different body under the same key is not a retry and runs as a new write, while the first response stays stored for retries of the first request. A key that does not match the pattern is IGNORED rather than refused — the write then proceeds unprotected and looks exactly like a request that carried no key, so validate the key on your side. Scoped per user and per (method, path): the same key on a different route is a different key. While a first request under this key is still in flight, a second with the same body is refused with 409 rather than queued.",
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/validations/ai-provider.ts b/src/lib/validations/ai-provider.ts
index 7b51bcffe..dc8f92802 100644
--- a/src/lib/validations/ai-provider.ts
+++ b/src/lib/validations/ai-provider.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
  */
 import { z } from "zod/v4";
 
+import { PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES } from "@/lib/ai/provider-chain";
+import {
+  isReasoningProviderType,
+  REASONING_EFFORTS,
+} from "@/lib/ai/reasoning-effort";
+
 /** The five provider kinds a user may select. */
 export const AI_PROVIDER_KINDS = [
   "OPENAI",
@@ -38,6 +44,17 @@ export const aiProviderKindSchema = z.enum(AI_PROVIDER_KINDS);
  */
 const clearableString = z.string().nullable();
 
+/**
+ * #1126 — a provider entry's reasoning setting. `null` is "Default": nothing
+ * is sent and the model decides. `none` is "Off".
+ */
+export const reasoningEffortSchema = z
+  .enum(REASONING_EFFORTS)
+  .nullable()
+  .describe(
+    "Reasoning setting for a Local or OpenAI-compatible provider, sent as `reasoning_effort` in the `/chat/completions` body. `none` switches reasoning off, which stops a thinking model (Gemma, Qwen and the like) spending the answer budget on reasoning. `null` is Default: the key is not sent at all and the model decides.",
+  );
+
 /**
  * `PATCH /api/user/ai-provider` — a partial update of the provider config.
  *
@@ -93,6 +110,22 @@ export const aiProviderPatchSchema = z.object({
     .max(600, "Response timeout must be between 10 and 600 seconds")
     .nullable()
     .optional(),
+  /**
+   * #1126 — the reasoning setting of the Local entry. Stored on the entry in
+   * the provider chain; a chain never customised is materialised from the
+   * default to hold it. `null` restores Default.
+   */
+  localReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortSchema
+    .optional()
+    .describe(
+      "Reasoning setting of the Local provider entry, stored on that entry of the provider chain. `none` = Off, `null` = Default (nothing sent). Omitted leaves it untouched.",
+    ),
+  /** #1126 — the same for the OpenAI-compatible gateway entry. */
+  compatReasoningEffort: reasoningEffortSchema
+    .optional()
+    .describe(
+      "Reasoning setting of the OpenAI-compatible gateway entry, stored on that entry of the provider chain. `none` = Off, `null` = Default (nothing sent). Omitted leaves it untouched.",
+    ),
 });
 
 export type AiProviderPatchInput = z.infer<typeof aiProviderPatchSchema>;
@@ -115,3 +148,61 @@ export const aiTestOverrideSchema = z
   .strict();
 
 export type AiTestOverrideInput = z.infer<typeof aiTestOverrideSchema>;
+
+/**
+ * One entry of `PUT /api/insights/provider-chain`. Shared by the route and the
+ * OpenAPI registry, so the published contract and the parser are one object.
+ */
+export const providerChainEntrySchema = z
+  .object({
+    providerType: z
+      .enum(PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES)
+      .describe(
+        "Closed allow-list. The mock provider is excluded from it structurally, which is what keeps production from reaching one.",
+      ),
+    // Priority is recomputed server-side from insertion order so a stale
+    // client cannot persist a chain whose displayed order disagrees with
+    // its priority field. The number is accepted (and may be present) but
+    // ignored on the wire.
+    priority: z
+      .number()
+      .int()
+      .optional()
+      .describe(
+        "ACCEPTED AND IGNORED. Priority is recomputed from the array's insertion order, so a stale client cannot persist a chain whose displayed order disagrees with its stored one. Send the order you want as the order of the array.",
+      ),
+    enabled: z.boolean(),
+    reasoningEffort: reasoningEffortSchema
+      .optional()
+      .describe(
+        "Only on a `local` or `openai-compatible` entry; refused on any other. Omitted keeps the value already stored for that provider, `null` restores Default, `none` / `low` / `medium` / `high` are sent as `reasoning_effort`.",
+      ),
+  })
+  .strict()
+  .superRefine((entry, ctx) => {
+    if (
+      entry.reasoningEffort !== undefined &&
+      !isReasoningProviderType(entry.providerType)
+    ) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: "custom",
+        path: ["reasoningEffort"],
+        message:
+          "A reasoning setting applies to the local and openai-compatible providers only",
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+export const providerChainPutSchema = z
+  .object({
+    chain: z
+      .array(providerChainEntrySchema)
+      .min(1, "Chain must contain at least one provider")
+      .max(PROVIDER_CHAIN_TYPES.length, "Too many providers")
+      .describe(
+        "The whole chain, in the order it should be walked. At least one entry and at most one per known provider type; a repeated type is refused.",
+      ),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+export type ProviderChainPutInput = z.infer<typeof providerChainPutSchema>;
diff --git a/src/lib/validations/backup.ts b/src/lib/validations/backup.ts
index 8a9af3f62..f0a31c31f 100644
--- a/src/lib/validations/backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/validations/backup.ts
@@ -625,6 +625,15 @@ const cycleSymptomSeveritySchema = z
   })
   .passthrough();
 
+/** The sensitive-category envelope's five fields, as a portable file carries them. */
+const cycleSensitiveFieldsSchema = z.object({
+  sexualActivity: z.boolean().optional(),
+  protectedSex: z.boolean().nullable().optional(),
+  pregnancyTest: z.enum(HomeTestResult).nullable().optional(),
+  progesteroneTest: z.enum(HomeTestResult).nullable().optional(),
+  contraceptive: z.enum(ContraceptiveKind).nullable().optional(),
+});
+
 const cycleDayLogSchema = z
   .object({
     id: z.string().min(1).optional(),
@@ -644,8 +653,20 @@ const cycleDayLogSchema = z
     pregnancyTest: z.enum(HomeTestResult).nullable().optional(),
     progesteroneTest: z.enum(HomeTestResult).nullable().optional(),
     contraceptive: z.enum(ContraceptiveKind).nullable().optional(),
+    // Free text travels like every other note: a disaster-recovery file
+    // carries the ciphertext (`*Encrypted`), a portable file the readable
+    // value (`note`, `sensitive`), which the restore seals under the
+    // receiving host's key. A portable file written before v1.40 carries the
+    // ciphertext too; the restore keeps only what this host can open.
     sensitiveEncrypted: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     notesEncrypted: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    note: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    // The five intent fields the sensitive-category envelope holds, or the
+    // unreadable marker when the writing host could not open the envelope.
+    sensitive: z
+      .union([cycleSensitiveFieldsSchema, z.string()])
+      .nullable()
+      .optional(),
     source: z.enum(MeasurementSource).optional(),
     externalId: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     tz: z.string().nullable().optional(),
@@ -696,10 +717,12 @@ const customMoodTagSchema = z
     isActive: z.boolean().default(true),
     icon: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     sortOrder: z.number().int().default(0),
-    // The user's own words for the tag, encrypted at rest and carried
-    // verbatim. Without it the tag comes back as a bare key and the person
-    // who named it "Migräne" gets `custom:cm3x9…` instead.
+    // The user's own words for the tag. Without it the tag comes back as a
+    // bare key and the person who named it "Migräne" gets `custom:cm3x9…`
+    // instead. Ciphertext on a disaster-recovery file, readable `label` on a
+    // portable one; the restore seals the readable value under its own key.
     labelEncrypted: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    label: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     // The scale a RATED factor was recorded on. `inverse` marks a factor
     // where a HIGH value is bad (stress, conflict). Dropping it does not lose
     // a label, it silently reverses the meaning of every rating already
@@ -752,7 +775,10 @@ const customCycleSymptomSchema = z
     sortOrder: z.number().int().default(0),
     isActive: z.boolean().default(true),
     // Same reasoning as the mood tag's: the user's own words live here.
+    // Ciphertext on a disaster-recovery file, readable `label` on a portable
+    // one (the day-log note's split).
     labelEncrypted: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    label: z.string().nullable().optional(),
   })
   .passthrough();
 
@@ -1181,8 +1207,9 @@ const symptomDefinitionBackupSchema = z
  *
  * `id` is required on both records, unlike the lab result above: a link
  * addresses an encounter and its far side by id and nothing else on either row
- * is unique enough to rebuild the reference from. The ciphertext columns ride
- * verbatim as base64 — a visit note is never decrypted into the file.
+ * is unique enough to rebuild the reference from. Free text follows the note
+ * contract: ciphertext as base64 on a disaster-recovery file, the readable
+ * value on a portable one (sealed under the receiving host's key on restore).
  */
 const practitionerBackupSchema = z
   .object({
@@ -1196,6 +1223,7 @@ const practitionerBackupSchema = z
     locationEncrypted: base64BytesSchema.nullable().optional(),
     phoneEncrypted: base64BytesSchema.nullable().optional(),
     noteEncrypted: base64BytesSchema.nullable().optional(),
+    note: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     createdAt: isoDateTime,
     updatedAt: isoDateTime,
     deletedAt: isoDateTime.nullable().optional(),
@@ -1214,6 +1242,10 @@ const encounterBackupSchema = z
     // v1.39.1 — the procedure's body site and side. Optional so a file written
     // before they existed still parses; the visit restores with neither.
     bodySiteEncrypted: base64BytesSchema.nullable().optional(),
+    // The readable reason, outcome and body site of a portable file.
+    reason: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    outcome: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    bodySite: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     laterality: z.enum(Laterality).nullable().optional(),
     // Remapped against the restored reminders (they travel since v1.37.20);
     // dropped to NULL, with the drop named, only when the file lacks the row.
@@ -1255,7 +1287,9 @@ const vaccinationBackupSchema = z
     // Remapped against the restored reminders (they travel since v1.37.20);
     // dropped to NULL, with the drop named, only when the file lacks the row.
     reminderId: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    // Ciphertext on a disaster-recovery file, readable on a portable one.
     noteEncrypted: base64BytesSchema.nullable().optional(),
+    note: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     createdAt: isoDateTime,
     updatedAt: isoDateTime,
     deletedAt: isoDateTime.nullable().optional(),
@@ -1618,7 +1652,9 @@ const customMoodTagCategorySchema = z
     icon: z.string().nullable().optional(),
     sortOrder: z.number().int().optional(),
     isActive: z.boolean().optional(),
+    // Same split as the custom tag's label.
     labelEncrypted: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+    label: z.string().nullable().optional(),
   })
   .passthrough();
 
diff --git a/src/lib/workouts/__tests__/manual-entry.test.ts b/src/lib/workouts/__tests__/manual-entry.test.ts
index 0f728fb10..001142455 100644
--- a/src/lib/workouts/__tests__/manual-entry.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workouts/__tests__/manual-entry.test.ts
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ describe("buildManualWorkoutEntry — validation", () => {
 describe("the form's defaults", () => {
   it("opens with a blank start; the field caps at the current minute", () => {
     expect(wallClockNow(NOW, "Europe/Berlin")).toBe("2026-09-15T14:00");
-    expect(emptyManualWorkoutDraft(NOW, "Asia/Seoul")).toMatchObject({
+    expect(emptyManualWorkoutDraft()).toMatchObject({
       sportType: "",
       start: "",
       hours: "",
diff --git a/src/lib/workouts/manual-entry.ts b/src/lib/workouts/manual-entry.ts
index 6be35a294..d672ae8ea 100644
--- a/src/lib/workouts/manual-entry.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workouts/manual-entry.ts
@@ -118,10 +118,7 @@ export function wallClockNow(now: Date, timezone: string): string {
   return `${p.year}-${pad(p.month)}-${pad(p.day)}T${pad(p.hour)}:${pad(p.minute)}`;
 }
 
-export function emptyManualWorkoutDraft(
-  now: Date,
-  timezone: string,
-): ManualWorkoutDraft {
+export function emptyManualWorkoutDraft(): ManualWorkoutDraft {
   return {
     sportType: "",
     // Blank on purpose (#1085): a blank start means "it just ended", so the
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/pdf/fallback-fonts.pdf b/tests/fixtures/pdf/fallback-fonts.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee01b4fa0
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/pdf/fallback-fonts.pdf differ
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/pdf/invisible-text-only.pdf b/tests/fixtures/pdf/invisible-text-only.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..929c6870c
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/pdf/invisible-text-only.pdf differ
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/pdf/ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf b/tests/fixtures/pdf/ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9b9bd6a6
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/pdf/ocrmypdf11-two-images-type1c.pdf differ
diff --git a/tests/integration/admin-backups-canonical-roundtrip.test.ts b/tests/integration/admin-backups-canonical-roundtrip.test.ts
index ee3015901..bb20699a6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/admin-backups-canonical-roundtrip.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/admin-backups-canonical-roundtrip.test.ts
@@ -391,8 +391,10 @@ describe("canonical disaster-recovery backup round-trip", () => {
         cervixFirmness: "FIRM",
         cervixOpening: "CLOSED",
         sexualActivity: false,
-        sensitiveEncrypted: "sensitive-cycle-dr",
-        notesEncrypted: "notes-cycle-dr",
+        // Real ciphertext: the restore writes a sealed value back only when
+        // this host opens it.
+        sensitiveEncrypted: encrypt(JSON.stringify({ sexualActivity: false })),
+        notesEncrypted: encrypt("notes-cycle-dr"),
         source: "APPLE_HEALTH",
         externalId: "cycle-day-external-dr",
         tz: "Europe/London",
diff --git a/tests/integration/backup-cycle-cross-key-restore.test.ts b/tests/integration/backup-cycle-cross-key-restore.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d3f50aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/backup-cycle-cross-key-restore.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+/**
+ * A portable file's cycle free text survives a move to a host with other keys.
+ *
+ * The day-log note, the sensitive-category envelope and a custom symptom's
+ * label are sealed under the writing host's key. A portable file used to carry
+ * those three as the stored ciphertext, so a restore onto a host with a
+ * different key either refused the whole file at the key check or, with a
+ * matching key id over different key material, wrote rows nobody could open.
+ *
+ * Both ends and the pipe: the file is built by the real `buildFullBackupPayload`
+ * under key A, stored and restored through the real route under key B, and
+ * the restored rows are opened under key B.
+ *
+ * The second case is the file written before the fix, which still carries
+ * ciphertext. A value this host's keys open comes back; a value they cannot
+ * open is kept out of the row and named in the skip report, rather than
+ * written back as ciphertext no reader can open.
+ *
+ * Mutation: restore the verbatim copy of `notesEncrypted` in
+ * `restoreCycleData` and the legacy case writes the foreign ciphertext back.
+ */
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { _resetCryptoCacheForTests, decrypt, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
+import { buildFullBackupPayload } from "@/lib/export/full-backup-payload";
+import { parseBackupPayload } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
+import { POST } from "./restore-job-driver";
+
+import { cookieJar, headerJar } from "./mock-next-headers";
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+vi.mock("next/headers", async () => {
+  const { cookieJar, headerJar } = await import("./mock-next-headers");
+  return {
+    headers: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => headerJar.get(name.toLowerCase()) ?? null,
+    })),
+    cookies: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => {
+        const value = cookieJar.get(name);
+        return value ? { name, value } : undefined;
+      },
+      set: (name: string, value: string) => cookieJar.set(name, value),
+      delete: (name: string) => cookieJar.delete(name),
+    })),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db-compat", () => ({
+  ensureDbCompatibility: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/cache/invalidate", () => ({
+  invalidateUserData: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const saved = {
+  key: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY,
+  keys: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS,
+  active: process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID,
+};
+
+/** Make this process the host holding exactly `keys`, writing under `active`. */
+function useKeys(keys: Record<string, string>, active: string) {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = JSON.stringify(keys);
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = active;
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+}
+
+const HOST_A = { a: "11".repeat(32) };
+const HOST_B = { b: "22".repeat(32) };
+/** Same key id as host B, different key material. */
+const HOST_B_IMPOSTOR = { b: "33".repeat(32) };
+
+const NOTE = "Cramps woke me at four";
+const SENSITIVE = {
+  sexualActivity: true,
+  protectedSex: false,
+  pregnancyTest: "NEGATIVE",
+  progesteroneTest: null,
+  contraceptive: "ORAL",
+};
+const LABEL = "Lower back ache";
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await truncateAllTables(getPrismaClient());
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  headerJar.clear();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = saved.key ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = saved.keys ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = saved.active ?? "";
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+});
+
+function makeRequest(id: string) {
+  return new Request(`http://localhost/api/admin/backups/${id}/restore`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: "RESTORE" }),
+  });
+}
+
+async function seedOwner() {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const owner = await prisma.user.create({
+    data: {
+      username: "cycle-cross-key-owner",
+      email: "cycle-cross-key-owner@example.test",
+      role: "ADMIN",
+    },
+  });
+  const session = await prisma.session.create({
+    data: { userId: owner.id, expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000) },
+  });
+  cookieJar.set("healthlog_session", session.id);
+  return owner;
+}
+
+/** Store `payload` as a backup on this host and run the real restore. */
+async function restore(ownerId: string, payload: unknown) {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const backup = await prisma.dataBackup.create({
+    data: {
+      userId: ownerId,
+      type: "CYCLE_CROSS_KEY_RESTORE",
+      data: encrypt(JSON.stringify(payload)),
+    },
+  });
+  return POST(makeRequest(backup.id) as unknown as Parameters<typeof POST>[0], {
+    params: Promise.resolve({ id: backup.id }),
+  });
+}
+
+describe("cycle free text in a portable file restored under another key", () => {
+  it("comes back readable under the receiving host's key", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    /* ── host A writes the account and exports it ─────────────────────── */
+    useKeys(HOST_A, "a");
+    const category = await prisma.cycleSymptomCategory.findFirstOrThrow();
+    await prisma.cycleSymptom.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        categoryId: category.id,
+        key: "custom:cross-key-ache",
+        labelKey: "cycle.symptom.custom",
+        labelEncrypted: encrypt(LABEL),
+      },
+    });
+    await prisma.cycleDayLog.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        date: "2026-06-02",
+        flow: "MEDIUM",
+        notesEncrypted: encrypt(NOTE),
+        sensitiveEncrypted: encrypt(JSON.stringify(SENSITIVE)),
+      },
+    });
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as unknown;
+
+    /* ── host B, which has never held key A, restores it ──────────────── */
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    // Host B is another database: the account's own symptom row from host A
+    // is not there (the restore upserts by key and keeps an existing row).
+    await prisma.cycleDayLog.deleteMany({ where: { userId: owner.id } });
+    await prisma.cycleSymptom.deleteMany({ where: { userId: owner.id } });
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const day = await prisma.cycleDayLog.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: owner.id },
+    });
+    expect(day.flow).toBe("MEDIUM");
+    expect(day.notesEncrypted).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(decrypt(day.notesEncrypted!)).toBe(NOTE);
+    expect(day.sensitiveEncrypted).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(JSON.parse(decrypt(day.sensitiveEncrypted!))).toEqual(SENSITIVE);
+
+    const symptom = await prisma.cycleSymptom.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "custom:cross-key-ache" },
+    });
+    expect(decrypt(symptom.labelEncrypted!)).toBe(LABEL);
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: { skipped: { links: number } };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.links).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("restores a legacy file's ciphertext only where this host can open it", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    // Written under host B's own key: opens here.
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const ownNote = encrypt(NOTE);
+    // Written elsewhere: an id host B does not hold, and host B's id over
+    // different key material.
+    useKeys(HOST_A, "a");
+    const foreignNote = encrypt("written under key a");
+    const foreignLabel = encrypt("label under key a");
+    useKeys(HOST_B_IMPOSTOR, "b");
+    const impostorSensitive = encrypt(JSON.stringify(SENSITIVE));
+
+    // The shape a portable file had before the fix: every free-text field as
+    // the stored ciphertext, no plaintext beside it.
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const category = await prisma.cycleSymptomCategory.findFirstOrThrow();
+    file.customSymptoms = [
+      {
+        key: "custom:legacy-foreign",
+        labelKey: "cycle.symptom.custom",
+        categoryId: category.id,
+        icon: null,
+        sortOrder: 0,
+        isActive: true,
+        labelEncrypted: foreignLabel,
+      },
+    ];
+    const day = (
+      date: string,
+      notes: string | null,
+      sensitive: string | null,
+    ) => ({
+      date,
+      flow: "LIGHT",
+      intermenstrualBleeding: false,
+      basalBodyTempC: null,
+      temperatureExcluded: false,
+      ovulationTest: null,
+      cervicalMucus: null,
+      cervixPosition: null,
+      cervixFirmness: null,
+      cervixOpening: null,
+      sexualActivity: false,
+      protectedSex: null,
+      pregnancyTest: null,
+      progesteroneTest: null,
+      contraceptive: null,
+      sensitiveEncrypted: sensitive,
+      notesEncrypted: notes,
+      source: "MANUAL",
+      externalId: null,
+      tz: null,
+      symptomKeys: [],
+      symptomSeverities: [],
+    });
+    file.cycleDayLogs = [
+      day("2026-06-01", ownNote, null),
+      day("2026-06-02", foreignNote, impostorSensitive),
+    ];
+    // Still a file this release accepts.
+    parseBackupPayload(JSON.stringify(file));
+
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const days = await prisma.cycleDayLog.findMany({
+      where: { userId: owner.id },
+      orderBy: { date: "asc" },
+    });
+    expect(days.map((d) => d.date)).toEqual(["2026-06-01", "2026-06-02"]);
+    expect(decrypt(days[0].notesEncrypted!)).toBe(NOTE);
+    // The day itself comes back; only what cannot be opened stays out.
+    expect(days[1].flow).toBe("LIGHT");
+    expect(days[1].notesEncrypted).toBeNull();
+    expect(days[1].sensitiveEncrypted).toBeNull();
+
+    const symptom = await prisma.cycleSymptom.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "custom:legacy-foreign" },
+    });
+    expect(symptom.labelEncrypted).toBeNull();
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: {
+        skipped: {
+          links: number;
+          catalogueKeys: Array<{
+            catalogue: string;
+            key: string;
+            links: number;
+          }>;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.catalogueKeys).toEqual([
+      {
+        catalogue: "cycleCiphertext",
+        key: "customSymptoms.custom:legacy-foreign.labelEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        catalogue: "cycleCiphertext",
+        key: "cycleDayLogs.2026-06-02.notesEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        catalogue: "cycleCiphertext",
+        key: "cycleDayLogs.2026-06-02.sensitiveEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+    ]);
+    expect(body.data.skipped.links).toBe(3);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/backup-mood-label-cross-key-restore.test.ts b/tests/integration/backup-mood-label-cross-key-restore.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1a0b6719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/backup-mood-label-cross-key-restore.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/**
+ * A portable file's custom mood labels survive a move to a host with other
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * The labels of the mood tags and mood tag categories a person created are
+ * sealed under the writing host's key. A portable file used to carry them as
+ * the stored ciphertext, so a restore onto a host with a different key
+ * refused the file at the key check, or with a matching key id over other key
+ * material wrote labels nobody could open.
+ *
+ * Both ends and the pipe: built by the real `buildFullBackupPayload` under key
+ * A, restored through the real route under key B, opened under key B. The
+ * second case is a file written before the fix: a label this host opens comes
+ * back, one it cannot open stays out and is named in the skip report.
+ */
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { _resetCryptoCacheForTests, decrypt, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
+import { buildFullBackupPayload } from "@/lib/export/full-backup-payload";
+import { parseBackupPayload } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
+import { POST } from "./restore-job-driver";
+
+import { cookieJar, headerJar } from "./mock-next-headers";
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+vi.mock("next/headers", async () => {
+  const { cookieJar, headerJar } = await import("./mock-next-headers");
+  return {
+    headers: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => headerJar.get(name.toLowerCase()) ?? null,
+    })),
+    cookies: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => {
+        const value = cookieJar.get(name);
+        return value ? { name, value } : undefined;
+      },
+      set: (name: string, value: string) => cookieJar.set(name, value),
+      delete: (name: string) => cookieJar.delete(name),
+    })),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db-compat", () => ({
+  ensureDbCompatibility: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/cache/invalidate", () => ({
+  invalidateUserData: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const saved = {
+  key: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY,
+  keys: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS,
+  active: process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID,
+};
+
+/** Make this process the host holding exactly `keys`, writing under `active`. */
+function useKeys(keys: Record<string, string>, active: string) {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = JSON.stringify(keys);
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = active;
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+}
+
+const HOST_A = { a: "11".repeat(32) };
+const HOST_B = { b: "22".repeat(32) };
+/** Same key id as host B, different key material. */
+const HOST_B_IMPOSTOR = { b: "33".repeat(32) };
+
+const CATEGORY_LABEL = "Evenings";
+const TAG_LABEL = "Migraine";
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await truncateAllTables(getPrismaClient());
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  headerJar.clear();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = saved.key ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = saved.keys ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = saved.active ?? "";
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+});
+
+function makeRequest(id: string) {
+  return new Request(`http://localhost/api/admin/backups/${id}/restore`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: "RESTORE" }),
+  });
+}
+
+async function seedOwner() {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const owner = await prisma.user.create({
+    data: {
+      username: "mood-cross-key-owner",
+      email: "mood-cross-key-owner@example.test",
+      role: "ADMIN",
+    },
+  });
+  const session = await prisma.session.create({
+    data: { userId: owner.id, expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000) },
+  });
+  cookieJar.set("healthlog_session", session.id);
+  return owner;
+}
+
+/** Store `payload` as a backup on this host and run the real restore. */
+async function restore(ownerId: string, payload: unknown) {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const backup = await prisma.dataBackup.create({
+    data: {
+      userId: ownerId,
+      type: "MOOD_CROSS_KEY_RESTORE",
+      data: encrypt(JSON.stringify(payload)),
+    },
+  });
+  return POST(makeRequest(backup.id) as unknown as Parameters<typeof POST>[0], {
+    params: Promise.resolve({ id: backup.id }),
+  });
+}
+
+describe("custom mood labels in a portable file restored under another key", () => {
+  // Neither case logs a mood entry: an account's own tags and categories
+  // travel whether or not it has entries (they used to be written only inside
+  // the restore's entries branch, and a vocabulary set up before the first
+  // entry did not come back).
+  it("come back readable under the receiving host's key", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    useKeys(HOST_A, "a");
+    const category = await prisma.moodTagCategory.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        key: "customcat:cross-key",
+        labelKey: "mood.category.custom",
+        labelEncrypted: encrypt(CATEGORY_LABEL),
+      },
+    });
+    await prisma.moodTag.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        categoryId: category.id,
+        key: "custom:cross-key",
+        labelKey: "mood.tag.custom",
+        kind: "BINARY",
+        labelEncrypted: encrypt(TAG_LABEL),
+      },
+    });
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as unknown;
+
+    // Host B is another database: the rows host A wrote are not there.
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    await prisma.moodTag.deleteMany({ where: { userId: owner.id } });
+    await prisma.moodTagCategory.deleteMany({ where: { userId: owner.id } });
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const restoredCategory = await prisma.moodTagCategory.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "customcat:cross-key" },
+    });
+    expect(decrypt(restoredCategory.labelEncrypted!)).toBe(CATEGORY_LABEL);
+    const restoredTag = await prisma.moodTag.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "custom:cross-key" },
+    });
+    expect(decrypt(restoredTag.labelEncrypted!)).toBe(TAG_LABEL);
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: { skipped: { links: number } };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.links).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("restores a legacy file's label ciphertext only where this host can open it", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const ownLabel = encrypt(TAG_LABEL);
+    useKeys(HOST_B_IMPOSTOR, "b");
+    const impostorLabel = encrypt(CATEGORY_LABEL);
+
+    // The shape a portable file had before the fix: labels as ciphertext.
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    file.customMoodTagCategories = [
+      {
+        id: "legacy-category-id",
+        key: "customcat:legacy",
+        labelKey: "mood.category.custom",
+        icon: null,
+        sortOrder: 0,
+        isActive: true,
+        labelEncrypted: impostorLabel,
+      },
+    ];
+    file.customMoodTags = [
+      {
+        key: "custom:legacy",
+        labelKey: "mood.tag.custom",
+        categoryId: "legacy-category-id",
+        kind: "BINARY",
+        isActive: true,
+        icon: null,
+        sortOrder: 0,
+        labelEncrypted: ownLabel,
+        scaleMin: 1,
+        scaleMax: 5,
+        inverse: false,
+      },
+    ];
+    parseBackupPayload(JSON.stringify(file));
+
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const category = await prisma.moodTagCategory.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "customcat:legacy" },
+    });
+    expect(category.labelEncrypted).toBeNull();
+    const tag = await prisma.moodTag.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { key: "custom:legacy" },
+    });
+    expect(decrypt(tag.labelEncrypted!)).toBe(TAG_LABEL);
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: {
+        skipped: {
+          links: number;
+          catalogueKeys: Array<{
+            catalogue: string;
+            key: string;
+            links: number;
+          }>;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.catalogueKeys).toEqual([
+      {
+        catalogue: "moodLabelCiphertext",
+        key: "customMoodTagCategories.customcat:legacy.labelEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/backup-round-trip.test.ts b/tests/integration/backup-round-trip.test.ts
index 2911cadfc..cd3018e99 100644
--- a/tests/integration/backup-round-trip.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/backup-round-trip.test.ts
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/labs/biomarker-store";
 import { legacyStreamedBlobFrom } from "@/__tests__/helpers/legacy-backup-blob";
 import { streamFullBackupJson } from "@/lib/export/full-backup-stream";
+import { BackupKeyIdCollector } from "@/lib/export/backup-key-ids";
 import {
   TWO_ENDED_MODELS,
   USER_COLUMN_BACKUP_CLASS,
@@ -3694,6 +3695,12 @@ function lostColumns(
   return { lost: lost.sort(), compared };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Sections a portable file may carry stored ciphertext in, each with the
+ * reason. Empty: every sealed column travels readable in a portable file.
+ */
+const PORTABLE_CIPHERTEXT_ALLOWED: ReadonlyMap<string, string> = new Map();
+
 describe("every column of every two-ended model survives a real restore", () => {
   it("brings each column back with the value it left with", async () => {
     const prisma = getPrismaClient();
@@ -3758,6 +3765,58 @@ describe("every column of every two-ended model survives a real restore", () =>
       },
       { purpose: "disaster-recovery", exportedAt },
     );
+
+    // ── No ciphertext in a portable file ──────────────────────────────────
+    //
+    // Every sealed column is filled at this point, so the portable file of
+    // this account is the one place a column still exported as stored
+    // ciphertext shows up. A portable file is read and restored on hosts
+    // with other keys; ciphertext in it is noise there, and a restore either
+    // refuses the file or writes values nobody can open. That class was
+    // fixed one section at a time (cycle, mood labels, visits, vaccinations)
+    // and kept coming back, because each builder decides its own encoding.
+    // This reads what the builders actually wrote, rather than how their
+    // source is spelt. Limit: it sees members named `…Encrypted` only, the
+    // naming the key preflight relies on too.
+    const sealedIn = (text: string) => {
+      const collector = new BackupKeyIdCollector();
+      collector.visit(JSON.parse(text));
+      const sections = new Map<string, number>();
+      for (const [, use] of collector.entries()) {
+        for (const section of use.sections) {
+          sections.set(section, (sections.get(section) ?? 0) + use.count);
+        }
+      }
+      return sections;
+    };
+    // The floor: the same matcher over the disaster-recovery file of the same
+    // account, which carries every sealed column as ciphertext. A matcher
+    // that finds nothing there would make the portable check pass vacuously.
+    const drSealed = sealedIn(json);
+    expect(
+      [...drSealed.values()].reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0),
+    ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(40);
+    expect(drSealed.size).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(15);
+    let portableJson = "";
+    await streamFullBackupJson(
+      prisma,
+      OWNER_ID,
+      (chunk) => {
+        portableJson += chunk;
+      },
+      { purpose: "portable-export", exportedAt },
+    );
+    const portableSealed = [...sealedIn(portableJson).keys()].filter(
+      (section) => !PORTABLE_CIPHERTEXT_ALLOWED.has(section),
+    );
+    expect(
+      portableSealed,
+      "a portable file carries these sections' sealed columns as stored " +
+        "ciphertext. Carry them readable (`src/lib/export/sealed-text.ts`) " +
+        "and seal them again on restore, or name the section in " +
+        "PORTABLE_CIPHERTEXT_ALLOWED with the reason",
+    ).toEqual([]);
+
     await prisma.user.delete({ where: { id: OWNER_ID } });
     await createOwner(prisma);
     const backup = await prisma.dataBackup.create({
diff --git a/tests/integration/backup-visits-cross-key-restore.test.ts b/tests/integration/backup-visits-cross-key-restore.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..234f6c136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/backup-visits-cross-key-restore.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/**
+ * A portable file's visit and vaccination free text survives a move to a host
+ * with other keys.
+ *
+ * A practitioner's note, a visit's reason, outcome and body site and a
+ * vaccination's note are sealed under the writing host's key. A portable file
+ * used to carry them as the stored ciphertext, so a restore onto a host with
+ * a different key refused the file at the key check, or with a matching key id
+ * over other key material wrote values nobody could open.
+ *
+ * Both ends and the pipe: built by the real `buildFullBackupPayload` under key
+ * A, restored through the real route under key B, opened under key B. The
+ * second case is a file written before the fix: a value this host opens comes
+ * back, one it cannot open stays out and is named in the skip report.
+ */
+import { Buffer } from "node:buffer";
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { decryptFromBytes, encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
+import { _resetCryptoCacheForTests, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
+import { buildFullBackupPayload } from "@/lib/export/full-backup-payload";
+import { parseBackupPayload } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
+import { POST } from "./restore-job-driver";
+
+import { cookieJar, headerJar } from "./mock-next-headers";
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+vi.mock("next/headers", async () => {
+  const { cookieJar, headerJar } = await import("./mock-next-headers");
+  return {
+    headers: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => headerJar.get(name.toLowerCase()) ?? null,
+    })),
+    cookies: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => {
+        const value = cookieJar.get(name);
+        return value ? { name, value } : undefined;
+      },
+      set: (name: string, value: string) => cookieJar.set(name, value),
+      delete: (name: string) => cookieJar.delete(name),
+    })),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db-compat", () => ({
+  ensureDbCompatibility: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/cache/invalidate", () => ({
+  invalidateUserData: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const saved = {
+  key: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY,
+  keys: process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS,
+  active: process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID,
+};
+
+/** Make this process the host holding exactly `keys`, writing under `active`. */
+function useKeys(keys: Record<string, string>, active: string) {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = JSON.stringify(keys);
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = active;
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+}
+
+const HOST_A = { a: "11".repeat(32) };
+const HOST_B = { b: "22".repeat(32) };
+/** Same key id as host B, different key material. */
+const HOST_B_IMPOSTOR = { b: "33".repeat(32) };
+
+const b64 = (bytes: Uint8Array) => Buffer.from(bytes).toString("base64");
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await truncateAllTables(getPrismaClient());
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  headerJar.clear();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY = saved.key ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEYS = saved.keys ?? "";
+  process.env.ENCRYPTION_ACTIVE_KEY_ID = saved.active ?? "";
+  _resetCryptoCacheForTests();
+});
+
+function makeRequest(id: string) {
+  return new Request(`http://localhost/api/admin/backups/${id}/restore`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: "RESTORE" }),
+  });
+}
+
+async function seedOwner() {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const owner = await prisma.user.create({
+    data: {
+      username: "visits-cross-key-owner",
+      email: "visits-cross-key-owner@example.test",
+      role: "ADMIN",
+    },
+  });
+  const session = await prisma.session.create({
+    data: { userId: owner.id, expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60_000) },
+  });
+  cookieJar.set("healthlog_session", session.id);
+  return owner;
+}
+
+/** Store `payload` as a backup on this host and run the real restore. */
+async function restore(ownerId: string, payload: unknown) {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  const backup = await prisma.dataBackup.create({
+    data: {
+      userId: ownerId,
+      type: "VISITS_CROSS_KEY_RESTORE",
+      data: encrypt(JSON.stringify(payload)),
+    },
+  });
+  return POST(makeRequest(backup.id) as unknown as Parameters<typeof POST>[0], {
+    params: Promise.resolve({ id: backup.id }),
+  });
+}
+
+describe("visit and vaccination free text restored under another key", () => {
+  it("comes back readable under the receiving host's key", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    useKeys(HOST_A, "a");
+    const practitioner = await prisma.practitioner.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        name: "Practice",
+        noteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("ring the upper bell"),
+        locationEncrypted: encryptToBytes("Main street 1"),
+      },
+    });
+    const encounter = await prisma.encounter.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        occurredAt: new Date("2026-06-30T08:00:00.000Z"),
+        status: "DONE",
+        kind: "ROUTINE",
+        practitionerId: practitioner.id,
+        reasonEncrypted: encryptToBytes("annual check"),
+        outcomeEncrypted: encryptToBytes("all fine"),
+        bodySiteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("left knee"),
+      },
+    });
+    const vaccination = await prisma.vaccinationRecord.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: owner.id,
+        occurredAt: new Date("2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z"),
+        vaccineName: "Tetanus",
+        noteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("sore arm for a day"),
+      },
+    });
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as unknown;
+
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const p = await prisma.practitioner.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: practitioner.id },
+    });
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(p.noteEncrypted!)).toBe("ring the upper bell");
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(p.locationEncrypted!)).toBe("Main street 1");
+    const e = await prisma.encounter.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: encounter.id },
+    });
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(e.reasonEncrypted!)).toBe("annual check");
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(e.outcomeEncrypted!)).toBe("all fine");
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(e.bodySiteEncrypted!)).toBe("left knee");
+    const v = await prisma.vaccinationRecord.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: vaccination.id },
+    });
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(v.noteEncrypted!)).toBe("sore arm for a day");
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: { skipped: { links: number } };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.links).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("restores a legacy file's ciphertext only where this host can open it", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const owner = await seedOwner();
+
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const ownReason = b64(encryptToBytes("annual check"));
+    useKeys(HOST_A, "a");
+    const foreignNote = b64(encryptToBytes("written under key a"));
+    useKeys(HOST_B_IMPOSTOR, "b");
+    const impostorOutcome = b64(encryptToBytes("same id, other key"));
+    const impostorVaccination = b64(encryptToBytes("same id, other key"));
+
+    // The shape a portable file had before the fix: ciphertext, no text.
+    useKeys(HOST_B, "b");
+    const { payload: built } = await buildFullBackupPayload(prisma, owner.id);
+    const file = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(built)) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const at = "2026-06-30T08:00:00.000Z";
+    file.practitioners = [
+      {
+        id: "legacy-practitioner",
+        name: "Practice",
+        specialty: null,
+        practice: null,
+        location: null,
+        phone: null,
+        noteEncrypted: foreignNote,
+        createdAt: at,
+        updatedAt: at,
+      },
+    ];
+    file.encounters = [
+      {
+        id: "legacy-encounter",
+        occurredAt: at,
+        status: "DONE",
+        kind: "ROUTINE",
+        practitionerId: "legacy-practitioner",
+        reasonEncrypted: ownReason,
+        outcomeEncrypted: impostorOutcome,
+        bodySiteEncrypted: null,
+        laterality: null,
+        reminderId: null,
+        createdAt: at,
+        updatedAt: at,
+      },
+    ];
+    file.vaccinations = [
+      {
+        id: "legacy-vaccination",
+        occurredAt: at,
+        vaccineName: "Tetanus",
+        noteEncrypted: impostorVaccination,
+        createdAt: at,
+        updatedAt: at,
+      },
+    ];
+    parseBackupPayload(JSON.stringify(file));
+
+    const response = await restore(owner.id, file);
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const p = await prisma.practitioner.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: "legacy-practitioner" },
+    });
+    expect(p.noteEncrypted).toBeNull();
+    const e = await prisma.encounter.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: "legacy-encounter" },
+    });
+    expect(decryptFromBytes(e.reasonEncrypted!)).toBe("annual check");
+    expect(e.outcomeEncrypted).toBeNull();
+    const v = await prisma.vaccinationRecord.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: "legacy-vaccination" },
+    });
+    expect(v.vaccineName).toBe("Tetanus");
+    expect(v.noteEncrypted).toBeNull();
+
+    const body = (await response.json()) as {
+      data: {
+        skipped: {
+          links: number;
+          catalogueKeys: Array<{
+            catalogue: string;
+            key: string;
+            links: number;
+          }>;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+    expect(body.data.skipped.catalogueKeys).toEqual([
+      {
+        catalogue: "vaccinationCiphertext",
+        key: "vaccinations.legacy-vaccination.noteEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        catalogue: "visitCiphertext",
+        key: "encounters.legacy-encounter.outcomeEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        catalogue: "visitCiphertext",
+        key: "practitioners.legacy-practitioner.noteEncrypted",
+        links: 1,
+      },
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/cycle-import-export.test.ts b/tests/integration/cycle-import-export.test.ts
index 73eed32e2..a6f3014b3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/cycle-import-export.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/cycle-import-export.test.ts
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
  *     into CYCLE day-logs (NOT Measurement), gated on cycle-tracking enabled,
  *     merging same-day samples into one row with first-write-wins re-import
  *   - the full-backup cycle section round-trips through
- *     `buildCycleBackupSection` → `restoreCycleData` with `notesEncrypted`
- *     preserved verbatim and symptom links re-resolved by key
+ *     `buildCycleBackupSection` → `restoreCycleData` with the note carried
+ *     readable, re-sealed on restore, and symptom links re-resolved by key
  */
 import { writeFileSync, mkdtempSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
 import { streamParseExportXml } from "@/lib/measurements/import-apple-health-export";
 import { buildCycleBackupSection, restoreCycleData } from "@/lib/cycle/backup";
+import { decrypt, encrypt } from "@/lib/crypto";
 import type { RestoreSkipLog } from "@/lib/export/restore-skips";
 import { parseBackupPayload } from "@/lib/validations/backup";
 
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ describe("cycle import — reproductive HK samples route to CycleDayLog", () =>
 });
 
 describe("cycle backup — round-trips through build + restore", () => {
-  it("preserves notesEncrypted ciphertext and symptom links by key", async () => {
+  it("carries the note readable and re-seals it, with symptom links by key", async () => {
     const prisma = getPrismaClient();
 
     const cycle = await prisma.menstrualCycle.create({
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ describe("cycle backup — round-trips through build + restore", () => {
         cervixPosition: "HIGH",
         cervixFirmness: "SOFT",
         cervixOpening: "OPEN",
-        notesEncrypted: "v1:abc123:cipher-envelope",
+        notesEncrypted: encrypt("Cramps in the evening"),
         source: "MANUAL",
       },
     });
@@ -207,9 +208,9 @@ describe("cycle backup — round-trips through build + restore", () => {
     const section = await buildCycleBackupSection(prisma, USER_ID);
     expect(section.cycles).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(section.cycleDayLogs).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0].notesEncrypted).toBe(
-      "v1:abc123:cipher-envelope",
-    );
+    // A portable section carries the note readable, never the ciphertext.
+    expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0].note).toBe("Cramps in the evening");
+    expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0]).not.toHaveProperty("notesEncrypted");
     expect(section.cycleDayLogs[0].symptomKeys).toEqual(["cramps"]);
 
     const payload = parseBackupPayload({
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ describe("cycle backup — round-trips through build + restore", () => {
       include: { symptomLinks: { include: { symptom: true } } },
     });
     expect(restored).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(restored[0].notesEncrypted).toBe("v1:abc123:cipher-envelope");
+    expect(decrypt(restored[0].notesEncrypted!)).toBe("Cramps in the evening");
     expect(restored[0].cervixPosition).toBe("HIGH");
     expect(restored[0].cervixFirmness).toBe("SOFT");
     expect(restored[0].cervixOpening).toBe("OPEN");
diff --git a/tests/integration/encounter-procedures.test.ts b/tests/integration/encounter-procedures.test.ts
index 31198c652..036aa2416 100644
--- a/tests/integration/encounter-procedures.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/encounter-procedures.test.ts
@@ -343,7 +343,10 @@ describe("the backup", () => {
     const entry = section.encounters.find((row) => row.id === created.id);
     expect(entry?.kind).toBe("PROCEDURE");
     expect(entry?.laterality).toBe("BOTH");
-    expect(entry?.bodySiteEncrypted).toEqual(expect.any(String));
+    // A portable section carries the site readable, never the ciphertext; the
+    // restore seals it under this host's key.
+    expect(entry?.bodySite).toBe("Hüfte");
+    expect(entry).not.toHaveProperty("bodySiteEncrypted");
 
     // Through the file schema, as a restore reads it: a field the schema does
     // not know would be dropped here and come back as null.
diff --git a/tests/integration/idempotency-body-fingerprint.test.ts b/tests/integration/idempotency-body-fingerprint.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0d04d93c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/idempotency-body-fingerprint.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/**
+ * One `Idempotency-Key`, two different requests.
+ *
+ * Native clients up to 1.1.0 post a manual blood pressure as two
+ * `POST /api/measurements` calls — the systolic half, then the diastolic half —
+ * under the same key. While the replay cell was keyed on
+ * `(user, key, method, path)` alone, the second call was answered with the
+ * first call's cached 201 and the diastolic value was never written. The cell
+ * now carries a fingerprint of the request body: only the same body replays.
+ *
+ * Everything here is real — the shipped route, the shipped wrapper, the
+ * session resolver and the `idempotency_keys` unique index.
+ */
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { POST as postMeasurement } from "@/app/api/measurements/route";
+
+import { cookieJar, headerJar } from "./mock-next-headers";
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY ??=
+  "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
+
+vi.mock("next/headers", async () => {
+  const { cookieJar, headerJar } = await import("./mock-next-headers");
+  return {
+    headers: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => headerJar.get(name.toLowerCase()) ?? null,
+    })),
+    cookies: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => {
+        const value = cookieJar.get(name);
+        return value ? { name, value } : undefined;
+      },
+      set: (name: string, value: string) => {
+        cookieJar.set(name, value);
+      },
+      delete: (name: string) => {
+        cookieJar.delete(name);
+      },
+    })),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db-compat", () => ({
+  ensureDbCompatibility: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+const USER_A = "idem-fingerprint-a";
+const USER_B = "idem-fingerprint-b";
+const KEY = "bp-entry-5c1e2a7f";
+const MEASURED_AT = "2026-09-30T07:15:00.000Z";
+
+const SYS = { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 128, measuredAt: MEASURED_AT };
+const DIA = { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA", value: 84, measuredAt: MEASURED_AT };
+
+const sessions = new Map<string, string>();
+
+function post(body: unknown, key = KEY): Promise<Response> {
+  return postMeasurement(
+    new NextRequest("http://localhost/api/measurements", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: {
+        "content-type": "application/json",
+        "idempotency-key": key,
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+function signInAs(userId: string) {
+  cookieJar.set("healthlog_session", sessions.get(userId)!);
+}
+
+async function rowsOf(userId: string) {
+  const rows = await getPrismaClient().measurement.findMany({
+    where: { userId, deletedAt: null },
+    select: { type: true, value: true },
+  });
+  // By name, not by the enum's declaration order.
+  return rows.sort((a, b) => a.type.localeCompare(b.type));
+}
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  await truncateAllTables(prisma);
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  headerJar.clear();
+  sessions.clear();
+  for (const id of [USER_A, USER_B]) {
+    await prisma.user.create({
+      data: {
+        id,
+        username: id,
+        email: `${id}@example.test`,
+        timezone: "UTC",
+      },
+    });
+    const session = await prisma.session.create({
+      data: { userId: id, expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60 * 60 * 1000) },
+    });
+    sessions.set(id, session.id);
+  }
+  signInAs(USER_A);
+});
+
+describe("Idempotency-Key reused for a different body (real Postgres)", () => {
+  it("writes both halves of a blood pressure posted under one key", async () => {
+    const first = await post(SYS);
+    expect(first.status).toBe(201);
+
+    const second = await post(DIA);
+    expect(second.status).toBe(201);
+    expect(second.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBeNull();
+
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toEqual([
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA", value: 84 },
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 128 },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("still replays a retry of the same body and writes one row", async () => {
+    const first = await post(SYS);
+    expect(first.status).toBe(201);
+    const firstBody = await first.json();
+
+    // Same object, different key order: the same request.
+    const retry = await post({
+      measuredAt: MEASURED_AT,
+      value: 128,
+      type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS",
+    });
+    expect(retry.status).toBe(201);
+    expect(retry.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBe("true");
+    expect(await retry.json()).toEqual(firstBody);
+
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toEqual([
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 128 },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps the first cell answering its own retries after a different body ran", async () => {
+    await post(SYS);
+    await post(DIA);
+    const retry = await post(SYS);
+    expect(retry.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBe("true");
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toHaveLength(2);
+    const cells = await getPrismaClient().idempotencyKey.findMany({
+      where: { userId: USER_A },
+    });
+    expect(cells).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(cells[0]?.requestFingerprint).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
+  });
+
+  it("writes both halves when they are in flight at the same time", async () => {
+    const [a, b] = await Promise.all([post(SYS), post(DIA)]);
+    expect([a.status, b.status]).toEqual([201, 201]);
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toEqual([
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA", value: 84 },
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS", value: 128 },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("still lets only one of two identical bodies in flight run", async () => {
+    const [a, b] = await Promise.all([post(SYS), post(SYS)]);
+    expect([a.status, b.status].sort()).toEqual([201, 409]);
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("does not replay a row written before fingerprints existed", async () => {
+    await getPrismaClient().idempotencyKey.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: USER_A,
+        key: KEY,
+        method: "POST",
+        path: "/api/measurements",
+        responseStatus: 201,
+        responseBody: JSON.stringify({ data: { id: "legacy" }, error: null }),
+        expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60 * 60 * 1000),
+      },
+    });
+
+    const res = await post(DIA);
+    expect(res.status).toBe(201);
+    expect(res.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBeNull();
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toEqual([
+      { type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_DIA", value: 84 },
+    ]);
+    // The legacy row is left alone, not claimed over.
+    const cell = await getPrismaClient().idempotencyKey.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: USER_A, key: KEY },
+    });
+    expect(cell.requestFingerprint).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("never hands one user's cached response to another using the same key", async () => {
+    const first = await post(SYS);
+    const firstBody = await first.json();
+
+    signInAs(USER_B);
+    const other = await post(SYS);
+    expect(other.status).toBe(201);
+    expect(other.headers.get("X-Idempotent-Replay")).toBeNull();
+    expect(await other.json()).not.toEqual(firstBody);
+
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_A)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(await rowsOf(USER_B)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("the documented operator query finds a systolic reading left without its diastolic half", async () => {
+    const doc = readFileSync(
+      join(process.cwd(), "docs/ops/blood-pressure-missing-diastolic.md"),
+      "utf8",
+    );
+    const block =
+      /<!-- bp-missing-diastolic:start -->([\s\S]*?)<!-- bp-missing-diastolic:end -->/.exec(
+        doc,
+      );
+    const sql = block?.[1]
+      .replace(/```sql|```/g, "")
+      .trim()
+      .replace(/;$/, "");
+    expect(sql).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // A complete reading through the fixed path, and the damage the old
+    // cache left behind: a systolic half on its own.
+    await post(SYS);
+    await post(DIA);
+    const lone = await getPrismaClient().measurement.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: USER_A,
+        type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS",
+        value: 141,
+        unit: "mmHg",
+        measuredAt: new Date("2026-09-29T19:40:00.000Z"),
+      },
+    });
+
+    const found = await getPrismaClient().$queryRawUnsafe<
+      Array<{ id: string; systolic: number }>
+    >(sql!);
+    expect(found.map((r) => [r.id, r.systolic])).toEqual([[lone.id, 141]]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/medication-put-course-race.test.ts b/tests/integration/medication-put-course-race.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b6410394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/medication-put-course-race.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/**
+ * A medication PUT the course writer refuses changes nothing.
+ *
+ * The PUT checks the window against the other courses first, then writes the
+ * row, then writes the course. A course written by another request between
+ * the check and the course write makes the course write refuse. If the row
+ * write had already committed, the client got an error while the name, the
+ * schedule and `oneShot` were changed anyway: a one-time medication with a
+ * window that spans more than its one day.
+ *
+ * The race is reproduced by letting the up-front check pass (it is the check
+ * the other request outran), so the real course writer meets the conflicting
+ * courses and refuses, through the shipped route and a real Postgres.
+ *
+ * Mutation: move the row update back out of the transaction the course write
+ * runs in, and the name and `oneShot` assertions turn red.
+ */
+import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { cookieJar, headerJar } from "./mock-next-headers";
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+const OWNER = "user-med-put-race";
+
+vi.mock("next/headers", async () => {
+  const { cookieJar, headerJar } = await import("./mock-next-headers");
+  return {
+    headers: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => headerJar.get(name.toLowerCase()) ?? null,
+    })),
+    cookies: vi.fn(async () => ({
+      get: (name: string) => {
+        const value = cookieJar.get(name);
+        return value ? { name, value } : undefined;
+      },
+      set: (name: string, value: string) => cookieJar.set(name, value),
+      delete: (name: string) => cookieJar.delete(name),
+    })),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db-compat", () => ({
+  ensureDbCompatibility: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+// The check the concurrent request outran: it saw no conflict.
+vi.mock("@/lib/medications/courses", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<typeof import("@/lib/medications/courses")>()),
+  checkCurrentWindow: vi.fn(async () => null),
+}));
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+  await truncateAllTables(prisma);
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  headerJar.clear();
+  await prisma.user.create({
+    data: {
+      id: OWNER,
+      username: OWNER,
+      email: `${OWNER}@example.test`,
+      timezone: "UTC",
+    },
+  });
+  const session = await prisma.session.create({
+    data: { userId: OWNER, expiresAt: new Date(Date.now() + 60 * 60 * 1000) },
+  });
+  cookieJar.set("healthlog_session", session.id);
+});
+
+function req(method: string, path: string, body?: unknown) {
+  return new NextRequest(`http://localhost${path}`, {
+    method,
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+    ...(body === undefined ? {} : { body: JSON.stringify(body) }),
+  });
+}
+
+describe("a medication PUT refused by the course writer", () => {
+  it("leaves the medication row, its schedule and its courses as they were", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const { POST } = await import("@/app/api/medications/route");
+    const created = await POST(
+      req("POST", "/api/medications", {
+        name: "Tamiflu",
+        dose: "75 mg",
+        startsOn: "2026-03-01",
+        endsOn: "2026-03-07",
+        schedules: [{ windowStart: "08:00", windowEnd: "09:00" }],
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(created.status).toBe(201);
+    const { id } = (await created.json()).data as { id: string };
+
+    // The course the other request wrote.
+    const { POST: postCourse } =
+      await import("@/app/api/medications/[id]/courses/route");
+    const course = await postCourse(
+      req("POST", `/api/medications/${id}/courses`, {
+        startsOn: "2026-06-10",
+        endsOn: "2026-06-16",
+      }),
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ id }) },
+    );
+    expect(course.status).toBe(201);
+
+    const before = await prisma.medication.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id },
+      include: { schedules: true, courses: { orderBy: { startsOn: "asc" } } },
+    });
+    const revisionsBefore = await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.count({
+      where: { medicationId: id },
+    });
+
+    // A one-time medication cannot carry two courses: the writer refuses.
+    const { PUT } = await import("@/app/api/medications/[id]/route");
+    const res = await PUT(
+      req("PUT", `/api/medications/${id}`, {
+        name: "Oseltamivir",
+        oneShot: true,
+        startsOn: "2026-03-05",
+        schedules: [{ windowStart: "20:00", windowEnd: "21:00" }],
+      }),
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ id }) },
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(422);
+    expect((await res.json()).meta.errorCode).toMatch(/^medications\.course\./);
+
+    const after = await prisma.medication.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id },
+      include: { schedules: true, courses: { orderBy: { startsOn: "asc" } } },
+    });
+    expect(after.name).toBe("Tamiflu");
+    expect(after.oneShot).toBe(false);
+    expect(after.startsOn).toEqual(before.startsOn);
+    expect(after.endsOn).toEqual(before.endsOn);
+    expect(after.updatedAt).toEqual(before.updatedAt);
+    expect(after.schedules.map((s) => s.id)).toEqual(
+      before.schedules.map((s) => s.id),
+    );
+    expect(after.schedules.map((s) => s.windowStart)).toEqual(["08:00"]);
+    expect(after.courses.map((c) => [c.startsOn, c.endsOn])).toEqual(
+      before.courses.map((c) => [c.startsOn, c.endsOn]),
+    );
+    expect(
+      await prisma.medicationScheduleRevision.count({
+        where: { medicationId: id },
+      }),
+    ).toBe(revisionsBefore);
+  });
+});