diff --git a/messages/de.json b/messages/de.json
index 7798c950e..622a39c9b 100644
--- a/messages/de.json
+++ b/messages/de.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Zustellkanäle"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Darstellung",
-        "description": "Lege fest, wie Dashboard, Auswertungen und deine Tracking-Module dargestellt und angeordnet sind.",
-        "backToHub": "Zurück zu Darstellung",
+        "title": "Layout",
+        "description": "Lege fest, was Dashboard, Auswertungen und deine Tracking-Module zeigen und wie sie angeordnet sind.",
+        "backToHub": "Zurück zu Layout",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Dashboard",
           "description": "Kachel-Layout und Reihenfolge."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Insights",
           "description": "Reihenfolge der Übersicht und der Navigations-Pills."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Lege fest, wie Dashboard, Auswertungen und Tracking-Module dargestellt werden.",
+        "subtitle": "Lege fest, was Dashboard, Auswertungen und Tracking-Module zeigen und in welcher Reihenfolge.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Medikamente",
           "description": "Listenansicht und manuelle Reihenfolge."
diff --git a/messages/en.json b/messages/en.json
index 476b9030e..c80a89a8c 100644
--- a/messages/en.json
+++ b/messages/en.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Delivery channels"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Appearance",
-        "description": "Choose how the dashboard, insights, and your tracking modules look and are arranged.",
-        "backToHub": "Back to Appearance",
+        "title": "Layout",
+        "description": "Choose what the dashboard, insights and your tracking modules show, and how they are arranged.",
+        "backToHub": "Back to Layout",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Dashboard",
           "description": "Tile layout and order."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Insights",
           "description": "Overview sections and navigation-pill order."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Personalize how your dashboard, insights, and tracking modules look.",
+        "subtitle": "Choose what your dashboard, insights and tracking modules show, and in which order.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Medications",
           "description": "List view and manual order."
diff --git a/messages/es.json b/messages/es.json
index 7bc772cdd..fb6ccf8d4 100644
--- a/messages/es.json
+++ b/messages/es.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Canales de entrega"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Apariencia",
-        "description": "Elige cómo se ven y se organizan el panel, los análisis y tus módulos de seguimiento.",
-        "backToHub": "Volver a Apariencia",
+        "title": "Diseño",
+        "description": "Elige qué muestran el panel, los análisis y tus módulos de seguimiento, y cómo se organizan.",
+        "backToHub": "Volver a Diseño",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Panel",
           "description": "Diseño y orden de los mosaicos."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Análisis",
           "description": "Orden de la vista general y de las pestañas de navegación."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Personaliza cómo se ven tu panel, los análisis y los módulos de seguimiento.",
+        "subtitle": "Elige qué muestran tu panel, los análisis y los módulos de seguimiento, y en qué orden.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Medicamentos",
           "description": "Vista de lista y orden manual."
diff --git a/messages/fr.json b/messages/fr.json
index d13999e72..57f04f403 100644
--- a/messages/fr.json
+++ b/messages/fr.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Canaux de diffusion"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Apparence",
-        "description": "Choisissez l'apparence et l'agencement du tableau de bord, des analyses et de vos modules de suivi.",
-        "backToHub": "Retour à Apparence",
+        "title": "Disposition",
+        "description": "Choisissez ce qu'affichent le tableau de bord, les analyses et vos modules de suivi, et leur agencement.",
+        "backToHub": "Retour à Disposition",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Tableau de bord",
           "description": "Disposition et ordre des tuiles."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Analyses",
           "description": "Ordre de la vue d'ensemble et des onglets de navigation."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Personnalisez l'apparence du tableau de bord, des analyses et des modules de suivi.",
+        "subtitle": "Choisissez ce qu'affichent le tableau de bord, les analyses et les modules de suivi, et dans quel ordre.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Médicaments",
           "description": "Vue en liste et ordre manuel."
diff --git a/messages/it.json b/messages/it.json
index e2d3097cb..3ba54418d 100644
--- a/messages/it.json
+++ b/messages/it.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Canali di recapito"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Aspetto",
-        "description": "Scegli l'aspetto e la disposizione di dashboard, approfondimenti e dei tuoi moduli di monitoraggio.",
-        "backToHub": "Torna ad Aspetto",
+        "title": "Layout",
+        "description": "Scegli cosa mostrano dashboard, approfondimenti e i tuoi moduli di monitoraggio, e come sono disposti.",
+        "backToHub": "Torna a Layout",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Cruscotto",
           "description": "Layout e ordine dei riquadri."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Approfondimenti",
           "description": "Ordine della panoramica e delle schede di navigazione."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Personalizza l'aspetto di dashboard, approfondimenti e moduli di monitoraggio.",
+        "subtitle": "Scegli cosa mostrano dashboard, approfondimenti e moduli di monitoraggio, e in quale ordine.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Farmaci",
           "description": "Vista elenco e ordine manuale."
diff --git a/messages/ko.json b/messages/ko.json
index 933ed797e..3ce0d4d83 100644
--- a/messages/ko.json
+++ b/messages/ko.json
@@ -5332,7 +5332,7 @@
       },
       "layout": {
         "title": "화면 구성",
-        "description": "대시보드, 인사이트, 기록 모듈의 모습과 배치를 정해요.",
+        "description": "대시보드, 인사이트, 기록 모듈에 무엇을 보여주고 어떻게 배치할지 정해요.",
         "backToHub": "화면 구성으로 돌아가기",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "대시보드",
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "인사이트",
           "description": "개요 섹션과 내비게이션 칩 순서."
         },
-        "subtitle": "대시보드, 인사이트, 기록 모듈의 모습을 원하는 대로 바꿔요.",
+        "subtitle": "대시보드, 인사이트, 기록 모듈에 무엇을 어떤 순서로 보여줄지 정해요.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "복약",
           "description": "목록 보기와 수동 순서."
diff --git a/messages/pl.json b/messages/pl.json
index 733555615..1e9e4bffd 100644
--- a/messages/pl.json
+++ b/messages/pl.json
@@ -5331,9 +5331,9 @@
         "channelsLink": "Kanały dostarczania"
       },
       "layout": {
-        "title": "Wygląd",
-        "description": "Ustal, jak wyglądają i są rozłożone pulpit, analizy i Twoje moduły śledzenia.",
-        "backToHub": "Powrót do Wygląd",
+        "title": "Układ",
+        "description": "Ustal, co pokazują pulpit, analizy i Twoje moduły śledzenia oraz jak są rozłożone.",
+        "backToHub": "Powrót do układu",
         "dashboard": {
           "title": "Pulpit",
           "description": "Układ i kolejność kafelków."
@@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@
           "title": "Analizy",
           "description": "Kolejność przeglądu i pigułek nawigacyjnych."
         },
-        "subtitle": "Dostosuj wygląd pulpitu, analiz i modułów śledzenia.",
+        "subtitle": "Wybierz, co pokazują pulpit, analizy i moduły śledzenia oraz w jakiej kolejności.",
         "medications": {
           "title": "Leki",
           "description": "Widok listy i ręczna kolejność."
diff --git a/src/components/settings/__tests__/layout-section.test.tsx b/src/components/settings/__tests__/layout-section.test.tsx
index 5b232197d..68264986a 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/__tests__/layout-section.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/__tests__/layout-section.test.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * v1.25.11 (#148) — the "Appearance" hub (slug stays `layout`).
+ * v1.25.11 (#148) — the "Layout" hub (slug stays `layout`).
  *
  * The hub is a navigable index: it lists each module as a clickable row
  * (`<a href="/settings/layout/<id>">` with the localized title + description +
diff --git a/src/components/settings/__tests__/settings-shell.test.tsx b/src/components/settings/__tests__/settings-shell.test.tsx
index fc16d5808..9f0590c19 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/__tests__/settings-shell.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/__tests__/settings-shell.test.tsx
@@ -433,11 +433,11 @@ describe("<SettingsShell>", () => {
     // `/notifications` inbox now shares the "Notifications" label.
     expect(html).toContain("Notifications");
     // v1.17.1 (F-2) — the view/arrangement editors are reached through one hub
-    // entry (route stays `/settings/layout`). v1.25.3 — the hub is renamed
-    // "Appearance" (DE "Darstellung") and indexes every module's view surface;
-    // the route is unchanged.
+    // entry (route stays `/settings/layout`). v1.42 — the hub is named
+    // "Layout": it arranges and picks what each module shows and holds no
+    // theme, so "Appearance" promised a control it does not have.
     expect(html).toContain('href="/settings/layout"');
-    expect(html).toContain(">Appearance</a>");
+    expect(html).toContain(">Layout</a>");
     // v1.25.3 — Channels folded into Notifications, so it is no longer a
     // left-side entry; Sources keeps its own.
     expect(html).not.toContain('href="/settings/channels"');
@@ -478,10 +478,10 @@ describe("<SettingsShell>", () => {
     // inbox now shares the "Benachrichtigungen" label.
     expect(html).toContain("Benachrichtigungen");
     // v1.17.1 (F-2) — the view editors are reached through one hub entry
-    // (route stays `/settings/layout`). v1.25.3 — the German nav label reads
-    // "Darstellung" (Appearance) to match the renamed hub.
+    // (route stays `/settings/layout`). v1.42 — "Layout" in German too;
+    // "Darstellung" now names the account page's language-and-units card.
     expect(html).toContain('href="/settings/layout"');
-    expect(html).toContain(">Darstellung</a>");
+    expect(html).toContain(">Layout</a>");
     // v1.25.3 — Channels ("Kanäle") folded into Notifications; Sources keeps
     // its own left-side entry.
     expect(html).not.toContain('href="/settings/channels"');
diff --git a/src/components/settings/documents-section.tsx b/src/components/settings/documents-section.tsx
index 35f60b49b..c5539c8db 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/documents-section.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/documents-section.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 "use client";
 
 /**
- * Settings → Appearance → Documents.
+ * Settings → Layout → Documents.
  *
  * Reached from the wrench beside the vault's Upload button, the way the
  * illness journal's wrench reaches its own page. Two choices, each in its own
diff --git a/src/components/settings/layout-groups.ts b/src/components/settings/layout-groups.ts
index 5186a54bb..07e7de564 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/layout-groups.ts
+++ b/src/components/settings/layout-groups.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { DocumentsSection } from "./documents-section";
 import { VorsorgeSection } from "./vorsorge-section";
 
 /**
- * v1.25.11 (#148) — single source of truth for the "Appearance" (slug
+ * v1.25.11 (#148) — single source of truth for the "Layout" (slug
  * `layout`) hub + its per-module subpages.
  *
  * "How my app looks and is arranged" was scattered across several unrelated
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { VorsorgeSection } from "./vorsorge-section";
  * back into a HUB → SUBPAGE model: `/settings/layout` lists the modules as
  * clickable rows, and each row opens `/settings/layout/<id>`, which renders
  * ONLY that module's section (the same existing section component, verbatim)
- * with a "← Appearance" back-link.
+ * with a "← Layout" back-link.
  *
  * This module is intentionally NOT `"use client"`: the client hub
  * (`layout-section.tsx`) AND the server subpage route
diff --git a/src/components/settings/layout-module-gate.tsx b/src/components/settings/layout-module-gate.tsx
index 1e5bb3465..e3e56c13e 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/layout-module-gate.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/layout-module-gate.tsx
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { useTranslations } from "@/lib/i18n/context";
 import type { ModuleKey } from "@/lib/modules/registry";
 
 /**
- * Client gate for an Appearance subpage (`/settings/layout/<module>`).
+ * Client gate for a Layout subpage (`/settings/layout/<module>`).
  *
  * The subpage is a real URL a person can land on (a bookmark, the hub's own
  * link, a link somebody sent) with its module switched off. It answers in
diff --git a/src/components/settings/layout-section.tsx b/src/components/settings/layout-section.tsx
index 78b3832b3..d870b7b5a 100644
--- a/src/components/settings/layout-section.tsx
+++ b/src/components/settings/layout-section.tsx
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ import { isSurfaceVisible } from "@/lib/modules/surface";
 import { LAYOUT_GROUPS } from "./layout-groups";
 
 /**
- * v1.25.11 (#148) — the "Appearance" hub (slug stays `layout`).
+ * v1.25.11 (#148) — the "Layout" hub (slug stays `layout`).
  *
  * The hub is a navigable index, NOT a stacked composition: it lists each
  * module as a clickable row (title + description + chevron) that opens the
  * module's own subpage at `/settings/layout/<id>`. Nothing is stacked inline;
  * the per-module view/sort surfaces live on their subpages so the hub reads as
  * a short, scannable directory. The visible page heading + subtitle
- * ("Appearance" / "Personalize how …") are painted by `SettingsShell` from the
+ * ("Layout" / "Choose what …") are painted by `SettingsShell` from the
  * `layout` slug; this body renders only the row list.
  *
  * Per-module gating fails OPEN (`!== false`): a missing key reads as enabled so