diff --git a/prisma/migrations/0345_cycle_absorbed_start/migration.sql b/prisma/migrations/0345_cycle_absorbed_start/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96abb90f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prisma/migrations/0345_cycle_absorbed_start/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- A period start logged a few days before an existing start folds that start
+-- into itself (the same period, entered out of order), soft-deleting it.
+-- Nothing recorded which start was folded, so taking the earlier start back
+-- could not bring the later one back: a mis-tapped "started" wiped the real
+-- start and reopened the cycle before it. The folded row now names the start
+-- that absorbed it, and removing that start restores it.
+ALTER TABLE "menstrual_cycles"
+  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS "absorbed_into_id" TEXT;
diff --git a/prisma/schema.prisma b/prisma/schema.prisma
index 66075b211..c6c619041 100644
--- a/prisma/schema.prisma
+++ b/prisma/schema.prisma
@@ -7113,9 +7113,14 @@ model MenstrualCycle {
 
   /// Per-row IANA timezone the date strings are anchored to (NULL =
   /// legacy Europe/Berlin), mirroring MoodEntry.tz.
-  tz          String?
-  syncVersion Int       @default(0) @map("sync_version")
-  deletedAt   DateTime? @map("deleted_at")
+  tz             String?
+  syncVersion    Int       @default(0) @map("sync_version")
+  deletedAt      DateTime? @map("deleted_at")
+  /// The start that folded this one in (a start logged a few days earlier is
+  /// the same period entered out of order). Set only on the soft-deleted,
+  /// folded row; removing the absorbing start restores every row naming it
+  /// (`removeCycleStartedOn`). Cleared when the row is live again.
+  absorbedIntoId String?   @map("absorbed_into_id")
 
   createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
   updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt @map("updated_at")
diff --git a/src/app/api/admin/backups/[id]/restore/route.ts b/src/app/api/admin/backups/[id]/restore/route.ts
index cbcf966e9..7e45e49f9 100644
--- a/src/app/api/admin/backups/[id]/restore/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/backups/[id]/restore/route.ts
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ import { restoreAwardsData } from "@/lib/export/awards-backup";
 import { restoreEnvironmentData } from "@/lib/export/environment-backup";
 import { restoreEcgData } from "@/lib/export/ecg-backup";
 import { invalidateUserData } from "@/lib/cache/invalidate";
+import { foldLegacyCoachAvailability } from "@/lib/modules/operator-availability";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
 
@@ -483,6 +484,12 @@ const handler = apiHandler(
           // the account restore assumes.
           if (payload.appSettings && restoreInstanceSettings) {
             const settings = payload.appSettings;
+            // A file from before 0343 carries the Coach's operator answer in
+            // module availability; carry it into the Coach switch.
+            const coachFold = foldLegacyCoachAvailability(
+              settings.moduleAvailabilityJson,
+              settings.assistantCoachEnabled,
+            );
             const settingsData = {
               registrationEnabled: settings.registrationEnabled,
               mfaRequired: settings.mfaRequired,
@@ -523,13 +530,13 @@ const handler = apiHandler(
                 settings.adminAiInsightsFeedbackSummary as never,
               defaultUserTimezone: settings.defaultUserTimezone,
               assistantEnabled: settings.assistantEnabled,
-              assistantCoachEnabled: settings.assistantCoachEnabled,
+              assistantCoachEnabled: coachFold.assistantCoachEnabled,
               assistantBriefingEnabled: settings.assistantBriefingEnabled,
               assistantInsightStatusEnabled:
                 settings.assistantInsightStatusEnabled,
               assistantDocumentAiEnabled:
                 settings.assistantDocumentAiEnabled ?? true,
-              moduleAvailabilityJson: settings.moduleAvailabilityJson as never,
+              moduleAvailabilityJson: coachFold.moduleAvailabilityJson as never,
               documentMaxFileBytes: settings.documentMaxFileBytes,
               documentQuotaBytes: BigInt(settings.documentQuotaBytes),
             };
diff --git a/src/app/api/cycle/cycles/[id]/route.ts b/src/app/api/cycle/cycles/[id]/route.ts
index 4e8483cc2..088c6c7a0 100644
--- a/src/app/api/cycle/cycles/[id]/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/cycle/cycles/[id]/route.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { auditLog } from "@/lib/auth/audit";
 import { overwriteDetails } from "@/lib/sharing/audit-details";
 import { apiError, getClientIp } from "@/lib/api-response";
 import { requireCycleEnabled } from "@/lib/cycle/gate";
-import { reanchorAfterRemovedStart } from "@/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries";
+import { removeCycleStartedOn } from "@/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries";
 
 type RouteParams = { params: Promise<{ id: string }> };
 
@@ -37,21 +37,25 @@ export const DELETE = apiHandler(
 
     const existing = await prisma.menstrualCycle.findUnique({
       where: { id },
-      select: { id: true, userId: true, startDate: true },
+      select: { id: true, userId: true, startDate: true, deletedAt: true },
     });
     if (!existing || existing.userId !== user.id) {
       return apiError("Cycle not found", 404);
     }
+    // Already a tombstone: the delete is done, and nothing is left to move.
+    if (existing.deletedAt !== null) {
+      return new Response(null, { status: 204 });
+    }
 
     // Tombstone + re-anchor as one unit: a neighbour re-derived against a
     // half-applied delete would read the row being removed as still live.
-    const reanchored = await prisma.$transaction(async (db) => {
-      await db.menstrualCycle.update({
-        where: { id },
-        data: { deletedAt: new Date(), syncVersion: { increment: 1 } },
-      });
-      return reanchorAfterRemovedStart(db, user.id, existing.startDate);
-    });
+    // The shared removal also gives back a start this one folded in and
+    // hands the removed cycle's days back. `null` is a concurrent delete that
+    // tombstoned the row first: nothing left to move.
+    const removed = await prisma.$transaction((db) =>
+      removeCycleStartedOn(db, user.id, existing.startDate),
+    );
+    const reanchored = removed?.reanchored ?? null;
 
     await auditLog("cycle.cycle.delete", {
       userId: user.id,
@@ -61,6 +65,9 @@ export const DELETE = apiHandler(
       details: {
         cycleId: id,
         startDate: existing.startDate,
+        ...(removed && removed.restoredCycleIds.length > 0
+          ? { restoredCycleIds: removed.restoredCycleIds }
+          : {}),
         ...(reanchored
           ? {
               reanchoredCycleId: reanchored.cycleId,
diff --git a/src/app/api/dashboard/summary/route.ts b/src/app/api/dashboard/summary/route.ts
index a80dbc6de..95d65fdbf 100644
--- a/src/app/api/dashboard/summary/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/dashboard/summary/route.ts
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ import { getServerTranslator } from "@/lib/i18n/server-translator";
 import { type Locale } from "@/lib/i18n/config";
 import { resolveJobLocale } from "@/lib/i18n/job-locale";
 import { userDayKey, DEFAULT_TIMEZONE } from "@/lib/tz/resolver";
+import { validTimezoneOr } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 import { cachedSwr, caches, type ServerCache } from "@/lib/cache/server-cache";
 import { buildMedsTodayBlock } from "@/lib/dashboard/meds-today";
 import {
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ export const GET = apiHandler(async () => {
   // timezone. Falls back to Europe/Berlin when the column is somehow
   // missing (defensive — the schema's NOT NULL default normally pins
   // it).
-  const userTz = user.timezone ?? DEFAULT_TIMEZONE;
+  const userTz = validTimezoneOr(user.timezone, DEFAULT_TIMEZONE);
 
   // v1.4.38 W-F — wrap the whole response in the analytics LRU.
   // Subsequent iOS polls inside the TTL hit memory; measurement /
diff --git a/src/app/api/mood/linked-context/route.ts b/src/app/api/mood/linked-context/route.ts
index 97e13d4c0..c66e0030c 100644
--- a/src/app/api/mood/linked-context/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/mood/linked-context/route.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { requireModuleEnabled } from "@/lib/modules/gate";
 import { resolveLinkedDayContext } from "@/lib/mood/linked-context";
 import { DEFAULT_TIMEZONE } from "@/lib/mood/date-key";
+import { isValidTimezone } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
 
@@ -47,7 +48,12 @@ const querySchema = z.object({
   // The zone the day is anchored to. Absent falls back to the account's own
   // display timezone; the edit dialog passes the entry's stored `tz` so a row
   // logged elsewhere keeps its own day boundaries.
-  tz: z.string().min(1).max(64).optional(),
+  tz: z
+    .string()
+    .min(1)
+    .max(64)
+    .refine(isValidTimezone, "Invalid IANA timezone")
+    .optional(),
 });
 
 export const GET = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
diff --git a/src/lib/__tests__/request-cache.test.ts b/src/lib/__tests__/request-cache.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e2cd1d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/__tests__/request-cache.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { eventStorage } from "@/lib/logging/context";
+import { WideEventBuilder } from "@/lib/logging/event-builder";
+import { memoizePerRequest } from "@/lib/request-cache";
+
+function twice(kind: "http" | "background", fresh: boolean) {
+  const factory = vi.fn(async () => Math.random());
+  return eventStorage.run(new WideEventBuilder(kind), async () => {
+    const options = fresh ? { freshInBackground: true } : {};
+    await memoizePerRequest("k", factory, options);
+    await memoizePerRequest("k", factory, options);
+    return factory.mock.calls.length;
+  });
+}
+
+describe("memoizePerRequest", () => {
+  it("reads once per request", async () => {
+    expect(await twice("http", false)).toBe(1);
+    expect(await twice("http", true)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("reads once per background event unless the input must stay fresh", async () => {
+    expect(await twice("background", false)).toBe(1);
+    expect(await twice("background", true)).toBe(2);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/capabilities/load.ts b/src/lib/ai/capabilities/load.ts
index 7a940a76b..9e43dc842 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/capabilities/load.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/capabilities/load.ts
@@ -56,13 +56,17 @@ export interface AiCapabilityScope {
 
 /** The kinds of the record's active consent receipts. */
 function loadActiveConsentKinds(recordId: string): Promise<Set<string>> {
-  return memoizePerRequest(`ai-consent-kinds:${recordId}`, async () => {
-    const rows = await prisma.consentReceipt.findMany({
-      where: { userId: recordId, revokedAt: null },
-      select: { kind: true },
-    });
-    return new Set(rows.map((row) => row.kind));
-  });
+  return memoizePerRequest(
+    `ai-consent-kinds:${recordId}`,
+    async () => {
+      const rows = await prisma.consentReceipt.findMany({
+        where: { userId: recordId, revokedAt: null },
+        select: { kind: true },
+      });
+      return new Set(rows.map((row) => row.kind));
+    },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
+  );
 }
 
 function scopeKey(scope: AiCapabilityScope): string {
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ export function loadAiCapabilityInputs(
         return null;
       }
     },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/context-reminders.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/context-reminders.test.ts
index dfccf9437..407f7857e 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/context-reminders.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/context-reminders.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,17 @@
  */
 import { describe, it, expect, vi } from "vitest";
 
+// Reminders are held while the Coach is unavailable; these cases are about
+// surfacing, so the Coach answers. The hold is pinned against Postgres in
+// `tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts`.
+vi.mock("@/lib/ai/capabilities/gate", () => ({
+  aiCapabilityToServe: vi.fn(async () => ({
+    available: true,
+    reason: null,
+    onDeviceAllowed: true,
+  })),
+}));
+
 vi.mock("@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec", () => ({
   decryptFromBytes: (buf: Uint8Array) => Buffer.from(buf).toString("utf8"),
   encryptToBytes: (s: string) => new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(`enc:${s}`)),
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/self-context-questions-consent.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/self-context-questions-consent.test.ts
index 7c2ca4a71..5931f593c 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/self-context-questions-consent.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/coach/__tests__/self-context-questions-consent.test.ts
@@ -14,16 +14,33 @@
  *   - the budget runs through the ATOMIC reserve/reconcile pair, not a
  *     read-then-write check.
  *
- * `@/lib/consent/receipts` is mocked rather than the consent guard itself, so
- * the real `chainRequiresServerManagedConsent` + `hasActiveConsentForSurface`
- * logic is what these tests exercise.
+ * Only the receipt read is mocked, so the real wire re-check
+ * (`aiEgressRefusal`) and the capability table's `aboutMeQuestions` row are
+ * what these tests exercise: which receipts cover the prompt is the table's
+ * answer, not this module's.
  */
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
-vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ prisma: {} }));
-
-const latestActiveReceipt = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-vi.mock("@/lib/consent/receipts", () => ({ latestActiveReceipt }));
+const activeKinds = vi.hoisted(() => ({ kinds: new Set<string>() }));
+const consentFindFirst = vi.hoisted(() =>
+  vi.fn(async (args: { where: { kind: { in: string[] } } }) =>
+    args.where.kind.in.some((kind) => activeKinds.kinds.has(kind))
+      ? { id: "receipt" }
+      : null,
+  ),
+);
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
+  prisma: { consentReceipt: { findFirst: consentFindFirst } },
+}));
+// The capability itself is open; the route resolved it before calling in.
+vi.mock("@/lib/ai/capabilities/gate", () => ({
+  aiCapabilityForJob: vi.fn(async () => ({
+    available: true,
+    reason: null,
+    onDeviceAllowed: true,
+  })),
+  requireAiCapability: vi.fn(async () => undefined),
+}));
 vi.mock("@/lib/documents/document-settings", () => ({
   documentAutoReadEnabled: vi.fn(async () => false),
 }));
@@ -54,9 +71,13 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/ai/coach/budget", () => budgetMocks);
 const buildCoachSnapshot = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 vi.mock("@/lib/ai/coach/snapshot", () => ({ buildCoachSnapshot }));
 
-vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({ annotate: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({
+  annotate: vi.fn(),
+  getEvent: () => null,
+}));
 
 import { deriveClarifyingQuestions } from "../self-context-questions";
+import { AI_CAPABILITIES } from "@/lib/ai/capabilities/types";
 import type { SelfContext } from "../about-me";
 import { DEFAULT_HEALTH_PROFILE_AI_SECTIONS } from "@/lib/validations/health-profile-facts";
 
@@ -85,7 +106,7 @@ let provider: ReturnType<typeof makeProvider>;
 beforeEach(() => {
   vi.clearAllMocks();
   provider = makeProvider();
-  latestActiveReceipt.mockResolvedValue(null);
+  activeKinds.kinds = new Set();
   providerMocks.hasAnyConfiguredProvider.mockResolvedValue(true);
   providerMocks.resolveProvider.mockResolvedValue({ type: "none" });
   budgetMocks.reserveBudget.mockResolvedValue({
@@ -215,9 +236,7 @@ describe("deriveClarifyingQuestions — server-managed consent gate", () => {
     providerMocks.resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
       { providerType: "admin-openai", instance: provider },
     ]);
-    latestActiveReceipt.mockImplementation(async (_userId, kind) =>
-      kind === "ai_coach" ? { id: "receipt-1" } : null,
-    );
+    activeKinds.kinds = new Set(["ai_coach"]);
 
     const out = await deriveClarifyingQuestions(
       "user-1",
@@ -236,9 +255,7 @@ describe("deriveClarifyingQuestions — server-managed consent gate", () => {
     providerMocks.resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
       { providerType: "admin-openai", instance: provider },
     ]);
-    latestActiveReceipt.mockImplementation(async (_userId, kind) =>
-      kind === "ai_full" ? { id: "receipt-2" } : null,
-    );
+    activeKinds.kinds = new Set(["ai_full"]);
 
     const out = await deriveClarifyingQuestions(
       "user-1",
@@ -252,6 +269,32 @@ describe("deriveClarifyingQuestions — server-managed consent gate", () => {
     expect(provider.generateCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it("accepts the analysis-only grant the capability table lists", async () => {
+    // The capability the route resolved admits `ai_insights_only`; the
+    // question path used to demand a Coach receipt on top and fell back.
+    providerMocks.resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
+      { providerType: "admin-openai", instance: provider },
+    ]);
+    activeKinds.kinds = new Set(["ai_insights_only"]);
+
+    const out = await deriveClarifyingQuestions(
+      "user-1",
+      ctx,
+      "en",
+      DEFAULT_HEALTH_PROFILE_AI_SECTIONS,
+      { aiAvailable: true },
+    );
+
+    expect(out.source).toBe("ai");
+    expect(consentFindFirst).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        where: expect.objectContaining({
+          kind: { in: [...AI_CAPABILITIES.aboutMeQuestions.consent.kinds] },
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
   it("leaves a BYOK chain ungated — the user's own egress needs no receipt", async () => {
     providerMocks.resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
       { providerType: "openai", instance: provider },
@@ -267,7 +310,7 @@ describe("deriveClarifyingQuestions — server-managed consent gate", () => {
 
     expect(out.source).toBe("ai");
     expect(provider.generateCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(latestActiveReceipt).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(consentFindFirst).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("leaves a local chain ungated", async () => {
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface.ts b/src/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface.ts
index f10056678..9b7ed4719 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 import type { PrismaClient } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 
+import { aiCapabilityToServe } from "@/lib/ai/capabilities/gate";
 import { decryptFromBytes, encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
 import { getServerTranslator } from "@/lib/i18n/server-translator";
 import type { Locale } from "@/lib/i18n/config";
@@ -56,6 +57,18 @@ export function buildReminderSurfaceMessage(
   return { title, body };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether a user's Coach reminders are held: the record's `coach` capability
+ * is unavailable (operator switch, module off, opt-out, no provider, no
+ * consent), which is the same answer that keeps the badge dark. A reminder
+ * surfaced into a Coach nobody can open is a message that never shows, and
+ * the nag cap would then dismiss it unseen; held, it waits and surfaces once
+ * the Coach is back.
+ */
+export async function coachRemindersHeld(userId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  return !(await aiCapabilityToServe(userId, "coach")).available;
+}
+
 export interface SurfaceOutcome {
   /** Reminders that reached the conversation in this call. */
   surfaced: number;
@@ -70,7 +83,8 @@ export interface SurfaceOutcome {
  * cost the user the reminders beside it. At most `MAX_NOTES_PER_MESSAGE`
  * notes ride one message; the remainder keep their status and surface on
  * the next trigger. A write failure leaves every row untouched: no badge
- * claims a message that was never written.
+ * claims a message that was never written. While the Coach is unavailable
+ * nothing is written and every row keeps its status.
  */
 export async function surfaceCoachReminders(
   prisma: ReminderSurfacePrisma,
@@ -80,6 +94,7 @@ export async function surfaceCoachReminders(
 ): Promise<SurfaceOutcome> {
   const outcome: SurfaceOutcome = { surfaced: 0, errored: 0 };
   if (rows.length === 0) return outcome;
+  if (await coachRemindersHeld(userId)) return outcome;
 
   const usable: { id: string; note: string }[] = [];
   for (const row of rows) {
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/coach/self-context-questions.ts b/src/lib/ai/coach/self-context-questions.ts
index 4b8b175af..9131feb90 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/coach/self-context-questions.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/coach/self-context-questions.ts
@@ -36,10 +36,7 @@ import {
   resolveProviderChain,
 } from "@/lib/ai/provider";
 import type { ProviderChainResolved } from "@/lib/ai/provider-runner";
-import {
-  chainRequiresServerManagedConsent,
-  hasActiveConsentForSurface,
-} from "@/lib/ai/consent-guard";
+import { aiEgressRefusal } from "@/lib/ai/capabilities/egress";
 import { singleUserTurn } from "@/lib/ai/types";
 import {
   buildDateKey,
@@ -213,18 +210,24 @@ export async function deriveClarifyingQuestions(
     const chain = await resolveQuestionsChain(userId);
     if (chain === null) return fallback();
 
-    // Consent gate — BEFORE the snapshot is built, let alone sent. This
-    // prompt ships the complete Coach snapshot, so a chain that could egress
-    // via the operator's server-managed credential needs an active
-    // `ai_coach` / `ai_full` receipt. BYOK / local / ChatGPT-OAuth chains are
-    // the user's own egress and stay ungated, matching every other surface.
-    if (
-      chainRequiresServerManagedConsent(chain) &&
-      !(await hasActiveConsentForSurface(userId, "coach"))
-    ) {
+    // The wire re-check — BEFORE the snapshot is built, let alone sent. The
+    // capability table's `aboutMeQuestions` row decides which receipts cover
+    // this prompt and when one is needed (a chain that could reach the
+    // operator's key or the shared central Codex; a person's own key, their
+    // ChatGPT account or a local model need none), so this path and the
+    // capability the route resolved cannot disagree.
+    const refusal = await aiEgressRefusal(
+      "aboutMeQuestions",
+      userId,
+      chain.map((entry) => entry.providerType),
+    );
+    if (refusal) {
       annotate({
-        action: { name: "coach.self_context.consent_required" },
-        meta: { self_context_questions_source: "fallback" },
+        action: { name: "coach.self_context.egress_refused" },
+        meta: {
+          self_context_questions_source: "fallback",
+          reason: refusal.reason,
+        },
       });
       return fallback();
     }
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/provider.ts b/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
index 6d788d6d2..7586504b2 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/provider.ts
@@ -985,6 +985,7 @@ export function probeProviderChain(
         managedBy: entries.length > 0 ? managedBy : null,
       };
     },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries.ts b/src/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries.ts
index 9626d1239..660c5ed73 100644
--- a/src/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries.ts
+++ b/src/lib/cycle/cycle-boundaries.ts
@@ -114,10 +114,6 @@ export async function openCycleAt(
   if (absorbed) {
     moved.absorbedCycleId = absorbed.id;
     moved.absorbedStartDate = absorbed.startDate;
-    await db.menstrualCycle.update({
-      where: { id: absorbed.id },
-      data: { deletedAt: new Date(), syncVersion: { increment: 1 } },
-    });
   }
 
   // Close the prior open cycle: its end is the day before this start.
@@ -160,12 +156,26 @@ export async function openCycleAt(
     create: { userId, startDate: date, tz, isPredicted: false, ...carried },
     update: {
       deletedAt: null,
+      absorbedIntoId: null,
       isPredicted: false,
       ...carried,
       syncVersion: { increment: 1 },
     },
   });
 
+  // The folded start is soft-deleted and names the start that absorbed it,
+  // so taking this start back (a mis-tap) can give it back.
+  if (absorbed) {
+    await db.menstrualCycle.update({
+      where: { id: absorbed.id },
+      data: {
+        deletedAt: new Date(),
+        absorbedIntoId: cycle.id,
+        syncVersion: { increment: 1 },
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
   // Re-anchor the FOLLOWING neighbour's side of the boundary.
   const next = await db.menstrualCycle.findFirst({
     where: { userId, deletedAt: null, startDate: { gt: date } },
@@ -342,13 +352,21 @@ export async function ensureCycleForBleedingDay(
  * body behind every way of taking a period start back: deleting the day-log
  * that opened it, clearing that day's flow, and deleting the cycle itself.
  *
+ * A start this one folded in when it was opened (a later start within one
+ * period, see `openCycleAt`) comes back: the earlier start was the mistake,
+ * so the later one was the real first day all along.
+ *
  * Returns null when no live cycle starts on that date.
  */
 export async function removeCycleStartedOn(
   db: CycleDb,
   userId: string,
   date: string,
-): Promise<{ cycleId: string; reanchored: ReanchoredCycle | null } | null> {
+): Promise<{
+  cycleId: string;
+  reanchored: ReanchoredCycle | null;
+  restoredCycleIds: string[];
+} | null> {
   const opened = await db.menstrualCycle.findFirst({
     where: { userId, deletedAt: null, startDate: date },
     select: { id: true },
@@ -359,6 +377,23 @@ export async function removeCycleStartedOn(
     where: { id: opened.id },
     data: { deletedAt: new Date(), syncVersion: { increment: 1 } },
   });
+  // Give back the starts it folded in, before any boundary is re-derived, so
+  // the cycle before this one closes against them rather than reopening.
+  const restored = await db.menstrualCycle.findMany({
+    where: { userId, absorbedIntoId: opened.id, deletedAt: { not: null } },
+    orderBy: { startDate: "asc" },
+    select: { id: true, startDate: true },
+  });
+  for (const row of restored) {
+    await db.menstrualCycle.update({
+      where: { id: row.id },
+      data: {
+        deletedAt: null,
+        absorbedIntoId: null,
+        syncVersion: { increment: 1 },
+      },
+    });
+  }
   const reanchored = await reanchorAfterRemovedStart(db, userId, date);
   // The removed cycle's days go back to the cycle before it (or to none).
   const prior = await db.menstrualCycle.findFirst({
@@ -370,7 +405,34 @@ export async function removeCycleStartedOn(
     where: { userId, cycleId: opened.id },
     data: { cycleId: prior?.id ?? null, syncVersion: { increment: 1 } },
   });
-  return { cycleId: opened.id, reanchored };
+  // A restored start owns its span again, and its own end is re-derived from
+  // whatever was logged after it while it was folded.
+  for (const row of restored) {
+    const next = await db.menstrualCycle.findFirst({
+      where: { userId, deletedAt: null, startDate: { gt: row.startDate } },
+      orderBy: { startDate: "asc" },
+      select: { startDate: true },
+    });
+    await db.menstrualCycle.update({
+      where: { id: row.id },
+      data: {
+        endDate: next ? addDays(next.startDate, -1) : null,
+        lengthDays: next ? dayDiff(next.startDate, row.startDate) : null,
+      },
+    });
+    await attributeDaysToCycle(
+      db,
+      userId,
+      row.id,
+      row.startDate,
+      next?.startDate ?? null,
+    );
+  }
+  return {
+    cycleId: opened.id,
+    reanchored,
+    restoredCycleIds: restored.map((row) => row.id),
+  };
 }
 
 /** The boundary columns the re-derivation moved, for the audit row. */
diff --git a/src/lib/doctor-report/collect.ts b/src/lib/doctor-report/collect.ts
index e932224c8..d6bccfced 100644
--- a/src/lib/doctor-report/collect.ts
+++ b/src/lib/doctor-report/collect.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ import { loadDenseMeasurementBuckets } from "./dense-buckets";
 import { summariseDenseBuckets } from "./measurement-series";
 import { emptyGlucoseClinical } from "./glucose-panel";
 import { buildAdministrationLedger, buildGlp1Block } from "./medications";
+import { validTimezoneOr } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 import {
   loadAllergies,
   loadAnamnesis,
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ export async function collectDoctorReportData(
       insurerIkNumber: true,
     },
   });
-  const reportTz = userProfile?.timezone ?? "Europe/Berlin";
+  const reportTz = validTimezoneOr(userProfile?.timezone, "Europe/Berlin");
 
   const aggregateDenseTypes = days > DENSE_REPORT_RAW_WINDOW_DAYS;
   const densePulse = aggregateDenseTypes && !excluded.includes("PULSE");
diff --git a/src/lib/feature-flags/__tests__/index.test.ts b/src/lib/feature-flags/__tests__/index.test.ts
index 67d146391..226614216 100644
--- a/src/lib/feature-flags/__tests__/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/feature-flags/__tests__/index.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
 // pre-v1.4.33 assertion semantics.
 let mockEvent: object | null = null;
 vi.mock("@/lib/logging/context", () => ({
-  getEvent: () => mockEvent ?? { addWarning: vi.fn() },
+  getEvent: () => mockEvent ?? { getKind: () => "http", addWarning: vi.fn() },
 }));
 
 import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ describe("per-request memoisation", () => {
     // Pin a stable stub object so every `getEvent()` inside this test
     // returns the same reference — the memo keys on identity, so a
     // shared reference == shared cache.
-    mockEvent = { addWarning: vi.fn() };
+    mockEvent = { getKind: () => "http", addWarning: vi.fn() };
 
     const a = await getAssistantFlags();
     const b = await getAssistantFlags();
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ describe("per-request memoisation", () => {
       assistantDocumentAiEnabled: true,
     });
 
-    mockEvent = { addWarning: vi.fn(), id: "req-1" };
+    mockEvent = { getKind: () => "http", addWarning: vi.fn(), id: "req-1" };
     await getAssistantFlags();
-    mockEvent = { addWarning: vi.fn(), id: "req-2" };
+    mockEvent = { getKind: () => "http", addWarning: vi.fn(), id: "req-2" };
     await getAssistantFlags();
 
     expect(FIND).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
diff --git a/src/lib/feature-flags/index.ts b/src/lib/feature-flags/index.ts
index a89e91587..5d1b613bc 100644
--- a/src/lib/feature-flags/index.ts
+++ b/src/lib/feature-flags/index.ts
@@ -49,35 +49,40 @@ const ASSISTANT_FLAGS_OFF: AssistantFlagSet = Object.freeze({
  * switch; failing open meant a database blip switched every AI egress on.
  *
  * Memoised per request, so a page that fires several gated reads at once reads
- * the singleton row once.
+ * the singleton row once. Read afresh on every call inside a background job,
+ * whose one event spans a whole multi-user pass.
  */
 export function loadAssistantSwitches(): Promise<AssistantFlagSet | null> {
-  return memoizePerRequest("assistant-flags", async () => {
-    try {
-      const settings = await prisma.appSettings.findUnique({
-        where: { id: "singleton" },
-        select: {
-          assistantEnabled: true,
-          assistantCoachEnabled: true,
-          assistantBriefingEnabled: true,
-          assistantInsightStatusEnabled: true,
-          assistantDocumentAiEnabled: true,
-        },
-      });
-      return resolveAssistantFlags({
-        enabled: settings?.assistantEnabled ?? true,
-        coach: settings?.assistantCoachEnabled ?? true,
-        briefing: settings?.assistantBriefingEnabled ?? true,
-        insightStatus: settings?.assistantInsightStatusEnabled ?? true,
-        documentAi: settings?.assistantDocumentAiEnabled ?? true,
-      });
-    } catch {
-      getEvent()?.addWarning(
-        "Failed to load assistant switches; every AI capability is off for this request",
-      );
-      return null;
-    }
-  });
+  return memoizePerRequest(
+    "assistant-flags",
+    async () => {
+      try {
+        const settings = await prisma.appSettings.findUnique({
+          where: { id: "singleton" },
+          select: {
+            assistantEnabled: true,
+            assistantCoachEnabled: true,
+            assistantBriefingEnabled: true,
+            assistantInsightStatusEnabled: true,
+            assistantDocumentAiEnabled: true,
+          },
+        });
+        return resolveAssistantFlags({
+          enabled: settings?.assistantEnabled ?? true,
+          coach: settings?.assistantCoachEnabled ?? true,
+          briefing: settings?.assistantBriefingEnabled ?? true,
+          insightStatus: settings?.assistantInsightStatusEnabled ?? true,
+          documentAi: settings?.assistantDocumentAiEnabled ?? true,
+        });
+      } catch {
+        getEvent()?.addWarning(
+          "Failed to load assistant switches; every AI capability is off for this request",
+        );
+        return null;
+      }
+    },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
+  );
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/gamification/achievements-result.ts b/src/lib/gamification/achievements-result.ts
index 0ae30939a..de50bdfb5 100644
--- a/src/lib/gamification/achievements-result.ts
+++ b/src/lib/gamification/achievements-result.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/analytics/classifications";
 import { classifyIntakeTiming } from "@/lib/analytics/compliance";
 import { wallClockInTz } from "@/lib/tz/wall-clock";
-import { DEFAULT_TIMEZONE, userDayKey } from "@/lib/tz/format";
+import { DEFAULT_TIMEZONE, userDayKey, validTimezoneOr } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 
 export type AuthedUser = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof requireAuth>>["user"];
 
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ export async function buildAchievementsResult(
   // day-streak badge (login, entry, weekend, miss-free, sleep-log, on-time,
   // compliance-80) plus the hidden night-owl / early-bird / leap-day
   // triggers for every non-CET account.
-  const tz = user.timezone || DEFAULT_TIMEZONE;
+  const tz = validTimezoneOr(user.timezone, DEFAULT_TIMEZONE);
 
   const [
     vitalsBuckets,
diff --git a/src/lib/insights/__tests__/comprehensive-privacy-flip.test.ts b/src/lib/insights/__tests__/comprehensive-privacy-flip.test.ts
index 83d13f02f..0af17d76b 100644
--- a/src/lib/insights/__tests__/comprehensive-privacy-flip.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/insights/__tests__/comprehensive-privacy-flip.test.ts
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
 // path has its own test in comprehensive-generate-force.test.ts.
 // The wire re-check (`aiEgressRefusal`) passes in these fixtures; its refusal
 // arm has its own test in comprehensive-budget-refusal.test.ts.
+const aiEgressRefusal = vi.fn();
 vi.mock("@/lib/ai/capabilities/egress", () => ({
-  aiEgressRefusal: vi.fn(async () => null),
+  aiEgressRefusal: (...a: unknown[]) => aiEgressRefusal(...a),
 }));
 vi.mock("@/lib/ai/capabilities/gate", () => ({
   aiCapabilityForRecord: vi.fn(async () => ({
@@ -139,6 +140,47 @@ beforeEach(() => {
   extractFeatures.mockResolvedValue(FEATURES);
   userUpdate.mockResolvedValue({});
   getSelfContextTextForUser.mockResolvedValue(null);
+  aiEgressRefusal.mockResolvedValue(null);
+});
+
+describe("generateComprehensiveInsight — consent withdrawn in flight", () => {
+  it("drops the reply instead of writing it back over the purge", async () => {
+    findUnique.mockResolvedValue({
+      insightsPrivacyMode: "aggregated",
+      insightsCachedAt: new Date(Date.now() - 26 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
+      insightsCachedText: JSON.stringify({ dailyBriefing: { p: "old" } }),
+      insightsExcludeMetrics: [],
+      insightsSnapshotHash: "0".repeat(64),
+    });
+    runRawCompletionWithFallback.mockResolvedValue({
+      result: {
+        content: JSON.stringify({ dailyBriefing: { p: "new" } }),
+        tokensUsed: 10,
+        providerType: "openai",
+        model: "m",
+      },
+      workingProvider: { providerType: "openai" },
+      fallbackHops: [],
+    });
+    userUpdateMany.mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 });
+    const { AiUnavailableError } =
+      await import("@/lib/ai/capabilities/refusal");
+    // Open at the wire; withdrawn by the time the reply is back.
+    aiEgressRefusal
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        new AiUnavailableError("briefing", "consent_required"),
+      );
+
+    const outcome = await generateComprehensiveInsight("u1", { locale: "de" });
+
+    expect(outcome).toEqual({ status: "skipped", reason: "no-consent" });
+    expect(aiEgressRefusal).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("briefing", "u1", [
+      "openai",
+    ]);
+    expect(userUpdateMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(invalidateUserInsights).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });
 
 describe("generateComprehensiveInsight — scope/version commit guard", () => {
diff --git a/src/lib/insights/__tests__/status-provider-budget.test.ts b/src/lib/insights/__tests__/status-provider-budget.test.ts
index c50af944a..bc6bdedb7 100644
--- a/src/lib/insights/__tests__/status-provider-budget.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/insights/__tests__/status-provider-budget.test.ts
@@ -188,6 +188,31 @@ describe("runStatusCompletion — capability at the wire", () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it("drops a reply whose consent was withdrawn while the call was in flight", async () => {
+    mockProviderReply(40);
+    // Open when the request leaves; withdrawn by the time the reply is back.
+    aiEgressRefusal
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        new AiUnavailableError("statusText", "consent_required"),
+      );
+
+    const outcome = await runStatusCompletion(completionArgs() as never);
+
+    expect(outcome).toEqual({ kind: "none", reason: "consent_required" });
+    // Re-checked against the provider that actually answered.
+    expect(aiEgressRefusal).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("statusText", "u1", [
+      "admin-openai",
+    ]);
+    // The tokens were spent upstream and stay on the ledger.
+    expect(ledgerTotal).toBe(40);
+    expect(annotate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        meta: expect.objectContaining({ at: "reply" }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
   it("returns none with reason no_provider when the chain is empty", async () => {
     resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([]);
     const outcome = await runStatusCompletion(completionArgs() as never);
diff --git a/src/lib/insights/comprehensive-generate.ts b/src/lib/insights/comprehensive-generate.ts
index cc29fcfa8..8d4d2ae40 100644
--- a/src/lib/insights/comprehensive-generate.ts
+++ b/src/lib/insights/comprehensive-generate.ts
@@ -508,7 +508,11 @@ function failBeforeProvider(
 }
 
 type InsightCommitResult =
-  "committed" | "scope-changed" | "profile-scope-changed";
+  | "committed"
+  | "scope-changed"
+  | "profile-scope-changed"
+  | "no-consent"
+  | "unavailable";
 
 /**
  * The exact User columns (besides `insightsPrivacyMode`, guarded
@@ -530,6 +534,12 @@ type PromptScopeAtRead = {
  * was built from — without keying on the broad `updatedAt` timestamp, which
  * a provider credential refresh (e.g. `resolveProviderChain()`'s token
  * maintenance) also advances and would otherwise false-positive here.
+ *
+ * The consent rule runs once more too, against the provider that answered
+ * (`servedBy`, `null` for a timestamp-only stamp that writes no text), with a
+ * fresh receipt read: a withdrawal that landed while the
+ * call was in flight already purged the stored briefing, and this write would
+ * bring it back.
  */
 async function commitInsightUnderScope(
   userId: string,
@@ -537,8 +547,15 @@ async function commitInsightUnderScope(
   selfContextAtRead: string | null,
   promptScopeAtRead: PromptScopeAtRead,
   locale: SupportedLocale,
+  servedBy: string | null,
   data: Prisma.UserUpdateInput,
 ): Promise<InsightCommitResult> {
+  if (servedBy !== null) {
+    const late = await aiEgressRefusal("briefing", userId, [servedBy]);
+    if (late) {
+      return late.reason === "consent_required" ? "no-consent" : "unavailable";
+    }
+  }
   const currentSelfContext = await getSelfContextTextForUser(userId, locale);
   if (currentSelfContext !== selfContextAtRead) {
     return "profile-scope-changed";
@@ -930,6 +947,7 @@ export async function generateComprehensiveInsight(
           aboutMe,
           promptScopeAtRead,
           locale,
+          rerolled.providerType,
           {
             insightsCachedAt: new Date(),
             insightsCachedText: rerolled.text,
@@ -956,6 +974,7 @@ export async function generateComprehensiveInsight(
         aboutMe,
         promptScopeAtRead,
         locale,
+        null,
         {
           insightsCachedAt: new Date(),
           // The fingerprint covers the generation locale, so a matching hash
@@ -979,6 +998,7 @@ export async function generateComprehensiveInsight(
       aboutMe,
       promptScopeAtRead,
       locale,
+      null,
       {
         insightsCachedAt: new Date(),
         insightsCachedLocale: locale,
@@ -1322,6 +1342,7 @@ export async function generateComprehensiveInsight(
     aboutMe,
     promptScopeAtRead,
     locale,
+    workingProviderType,
     {
       insightsCachedAt: new Date(),
       insightsCachedText: JSON.stringify(insights),
diff --git a/src/lib/insights/status-provider.ts b/src/lib/insights/status-provider.ts
index bb0342bca..a5b0ff31d 100644
--- a/src/lib/insights/status-provider.ts
+++ b/src/lib/insights/status-provider.ts
@@ -321,6 +321,28 @@ export async function runStatusCompletion(
     return { kind: "error" };
   }
 
+  // Consent withdrawn while the call was in flight. The withdrawal purged the
+  // stored text in its own transaction; a reply persisted after it would
+  // bring that text back under a consent that no longer exists. So the rule
+  // runs once more, against the provider that actually answered, with a fresh
+  // receipt read, and a refused reply is dropped as if it had never arrived.
+  // The tokens stay on the ledger: they were spent upstream.
+  const late = await aiEgressRefusal(args.capability, userId, [
+    workingProvider.providerType,
+  ]);
+  if (late) {
+    annotate({
+      action: { name: "insights.status.capability_unavailable" },
+      meta: {
+        cacheAction,
+        capability: args.capability,
+        reason: late.reason,
+        at: "reply",
+      },
+    });
+    return { kind: "none", reason: late.reason };
+  }
+
   return {
     kind: "ok",
     content,
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/coach-reminder-sweep.test.ts b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/coach-reminder-sweep.test.ts
index 015b10d74..f71009da6 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/coach-reminder-sweep.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/coach-reminder-sweep.test.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@ vi.mock("@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec", () => ({
   encryptToBytes: (s: string) => new Uint8Array(Buffer.from(`enc:${s}`)),
 }));
 
+// Reminders are held while the Coach is unavailable; these cases are about
+// surfacing, so the Coach answers. The hold is pinned against Postgres in
+// `tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts`.
+vi.mock("@/lib/ai/capabilities/gate", () => ({
+  aiCapabilityToServe: vi.fn(async () => ({
+    available: true,
+    reason: null,
+    onDeviceAllowed: true,
+  })),
+}));
+
 // The context-cue backstop delegates to the shared evaluator; its own
 // behaviour is pinned in `ai/coach/__tests__/context-reminders.test.ts`.
 const { contextEvaluateMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/reaction-line-degradation.test.ts b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/reaction-line-degradation.test.ts
index aed073f31..f9ba8ad97 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/reaction-line-degradation.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/reaction-line-degradation.test.ts
@@ -709,6 +709,40 @@ describe("reaction line — degradation", () => {
     expectSurfaceStillWorks();
   });
 
+  it("consent withdrawn while the call was in flight: writes no line", async () => {
+    resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
+      {
+        providerType: "openai",
+        instance: {
+          generateCompletion: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            content: "A solid night, deeper than your recent stretch.",
+            tokensUsed: 1_100,
+            cachedInputTokens: 100,
+          }),
+        },
+      },
+    ]);
+    aiEgressRefusal
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(null)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+        new AiUnavailableError("reactionLines", "consent_required"),
+      );
+
+    const outcome = await runReactionLine(JOB);
+
+    expect(outcome).toEqual({ status: "skipped", reason: "consent_required" });
+    expect(aiEgressRefusal).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith("reactionLines", "u1", [
+      "openai",
+    ]);
+    expect(
+      updateMany.mock.calls.some(
+        ([arg]) =>
+          (arg as { data?: { lineEncrypted?: unknown } }).data
+            ?.lineEncrypted instanceof Uint8Array,
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it("a committed line is never regenerated — the unique row is the throttle", async () => {
     findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ id: "r1", generatedAt: new Date() });
     resolveProviderChain.mockResolvedValue([
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/coach-reminder-sweep.ts b/src/lib/jobs/coach-reminder-sweep.ts
index a15ff20a5..850f053db 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/coach-reminder-sweep.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/coach-reminder-sweep.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@
  * that has been stuck on an empty conversation resolves into the message it
  * always implied rather than staying stuck.
  *
+ * While the record's `coach` capability is unavailable its reminders are held:
+ * none is surfaced, charged or auto-dismissed, and they resume once the Coach
+ * is back (`coachRemindersHeld`, the same answer that keeps the badge dark).
+ *
  * The sweep still never calls a provider and never pushes. The message body is
  * a deterministic localized template around the user's OWN note text — the
  * words they asked to be reminded of, never anything fabricated.
@@ -50,7 +54,10 @@ import type { PrismaClient } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 
 import { decryptFromBytes, encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
 import { evaluateCoachContextReminders } from "@/lib/ai/coach/context-reminders";
-import { surfaceCoachReminders } from "@/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface";
+import {
+  coachRemindersHeld,
+  surfaceCoachReminders,
+} from "@/lib/ai/coach/reminder-surface";
 
 export const COACH_REMINDER_SWEEP_QUEUE = "coach-reminder-sweep";
 // Daily at 05:20 Europe/Berlin — just after the 05:15 nudge tick so both
@@ -258,11 +265,26 @@ export async function runCoachReminderSweep(
   // it has already sat there for a day as one more surfacing, then
   // auto-dismiss the rows that reached the cap. Two bulk statements, no
   // message: dismissal is silence, not another nag.
+  // A day the Coach was unavailable is not a day the reminder sat ignored:
+  // the badge was dark and there was nothing to open. Those users' rows are
+  // neither charged nor dismissed.
+  const surfacedOwners = await prisma.coachReminder.findMany({
+    where: { deletedAt: null, status: "surfaced" },
+    distinct: ["userId"],
+    select: { userId: true },
+  });
+  const heldOwners: string[] = [];
+  for (const { userId } of surfacedOwners) {
+    if (await coachRemindersHeld(userId)) heldOwners.push(userId);
+  }
+  const notHeld =
+    heldOwners.length > 0 ? { userId: { notIn: heldOwners } } : {};
   await prisma.coachReminder.updateMany({
     where: {
       deletedAt: null,
       status: "surfaced",
       lastSurfacedAt: { lte: new Date(now.getTime() - NAG_STALE_MS) },
+      ...notHeld,
     },
     data: { surfaceCount: { increment: 1 } },
   });
@@ -271,6 +293,7 @@ export async function runCoachReminderSweep(
       deletedAt: null,
       status: "surfaced",
       surfaceCount: { gte: REMINDER_NAG_CAP },
+      ...notHeld,
     },
     data: { status: "dismissed" },
   });
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/reaction-line.ts b/src/lib/jobs/reaction-line.ts
index a036f0025..5d3084acf 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/reaction-line.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/reaction-line.ts
@@ -710,6 +710,17 @@ export async function runReactionLine(
     return { status: "skipped", reason: "ungrounded_output" };
   }
 
+  // Consent withdrawn while the call was in flight: the withdrawal cleared
+  // stored lines in its own transaction, and this commit would write one
+  // back. The rule once more, for the provider that answered, fresh.
+  const late = await aiEgressRefusal("reactionLines", job.userId, [
+    chain[0].providerType,
+  ]);
+  if (late) {
+    await finishTerminalAttempt().catch(() => {});
+    return { status: "skipped", reason: late.reason };
+  }
+
   const committed = await prisma.arrivalReaction.updateMany({
     where: {
       id: row.id,
diff --git a/src/lib/logging/event-builder.ts b/src/lib/logging/event-builder.ts
index 9a89a6dd4..1bcc0596c 100644
--- a/src/lib/logging/event-builder.ts
+++ b/src/lib/logging/event-builder.ts
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@ export class WideEventBuilder {
     return structuredClone(this.event) as WideEvent;
   }
 
+  /** `http` for a request, `background` for a job or a hand-rolled route. */
+  getKind(): EventKind {
+    return this.event.kind ?? "http";
+  }
+
   getDurationMs(): number {
     return Math.round(performance.now() - this.startTime);
   }
diff --git a/src/lib/measurements/daily-series-read.ts b/src/lib/measurements/daily-series-read.ts
index 8c20993ab..0ce67d26f 100644
--- a/src/lib/measurements/daily-series-read.ts
+++ b/src/lib/measurements/daily-series-read.ts
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ export async function readDailySeries(opts: {
   // every bucket's UTC-midnight start read as the previous local day west of
   // UTC. The 7-day chart buckets raw rows by the local day, so switching
   // ranges moved daily totals between neighbouring days. The live fold is
-  // one indexed pass per window (about 0.1 s for 90 days of per-minute
-  // samples) and returns at most one row per day.
+  // one pass per window (about 0.3 s for a year of per-minute samples,
+  // measured against Postgres 16) and returns at most one row per day.
   const timeZone = opts.timeZone ?? (await resolveUserTimezone(userId));
   const rows = await readLiveBuckets({
     userId,
@@ -185,24 +185,31 @@ export async function readLiveBuckets(opts: {
   // `TRUNC_UNIT` map keyed by the Zod-constrained grain, never from input.
   const unit = Prisma.raw(`'${TRUNC_UNIT[grain]}'`);
   // Cumulative types SUM per bucket, every other type averages. The type list
-  // is the closed code constant, spliced as literals; `s."type"` is a GROUP BY
+  // is the closed code constant, spliced as literals; `m."type"` is a GROUP BY
   // column, so choosing the aggregate per group is legal.
   const cumulativeList = [...CUMULATIVE_HK_TYPES]
     .map((t) => `'${t}'`)
     .join(",");
   const aggregator = Prisma.raw(
-    `(CASE WHEN s."type"::text IN (${cumulativeList}) THEN SUM(s."value") ELSE AVG(s."value") END)::double precision`,
+    `(CASE WHEN m."type"::text IN (${cumulativeList}) THEN SUM(m."value") ELSE AVG(m."value") END)::double precision`,
   );
   const rankRaw = Prisma.raw(
-    buildSourceRankCase(priorityJson, 'm."type"', 'm."source"'),
+    buildSourceRankCase(priorityJson, 'p."type"', 'p."source"'),
   );
   const typeFilter = type
     ? Prisma.sql`AND m."type" = ${type}::measurement_type`
     : Prisma.empty;
   // measured_at is a UTC wall-clock timestamp: pin it to UTC, re-read it in
-  // the user's zone and truncate there. The bucket is computed once in `src`
-  // and referenced by name afterwards, so the zone parameter never has to
-  // match itself across SELECT and GROUP BY.
+  // the user's zone and truncate there.
+  //
+  // Fold first, pick second. Every source is folded per bucket in one hashed
+  // pass (a few rows per day, however dense the stream), and only then does
+  // each bucket keep its ladder-canonical source. The fold of the canonical
+  // source's rows is exactly the fold of that source's group, so the result
+  // is the same as collapsing the rows first; what changes is the cost. A
+  // year of per-minute heart rate is half a million rows, and ranking them
+  // before the fold sorted them twice (about 0.55 s); folding first never
+  // sorts more than one row per source per day.
   const buckets = await prisma.$queryRaw<
     Array<{
       type: string;
@@ -213,41 +220,38 @@ export async function readLiveBuckets(opts: {
       max_value: number | null;
     }>
   >`
-    WITH src AS (
+    WITH per_source AS (
       SELECT
         m."type",
         m."source",
-        m."value",
-        date_trunc(${unit}, (m."measured_at" AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') AT TIME ZONE ${timeZone}) AS d
+        date_trunc(${unit}, (m."measured_at" AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') AT TIME ZONE ${timeZone}) AS d,
+        ${aggregator} AS avg,
+        COUNT(*)::int AS cnt,
+        MIN(m."value") AS min_value,
+        MAX(m."value") AS max_value
       FROM measurements m
       WHERE m."user_id" = ${userId}
         AND m."measured_at" >= ${from}
         AND m."measured_at" <= ${to}
         AND m."deleted_at" IS NULL
         ${typeFilter}
+      GROUP BY m."type", m."source", 3
     ),
     canon AS (
-      SELECT DISTINCT ON (m."type", m.d)
-        m."type"   AS t,
-        m.d        AS d,
-        m."source" AS canon
-      FROM src m
-      ORDER BY m."type", m.d, (${rankRaw}), m."source"
+      SELECT DISTINCT ON (p."type", p.d)
+        p."type", p.d, p.avg, p.cnt, p.min_value, p.max_value
+      FROM per_source p
+      ORDER BY p."type", p.d, (${rankRaw}), p."source"
     )
     SELECT
-      s."type"::text AS type,
-      s.d AT TIME ZONE ${timeZone} AS bucket_start,
-      ${aggregator} AS avg,
-      COUNT(*)::int AS cnt,
-      MIN(s."value") AS min_value,
-      MAX(s."value") AS max_value
-    FROM src s
-    JOIN canon c
-      ON c.t = s."type"
-      AND c.d = s.d
-      AND c.canon = s."source"
-    GROUP BY s."type", s.d
-    ORDER BY s.d ASC
+      c."type"::text AS type,
+      c.d AT TIME ZONE ${timeZone} AS bucket_start,
+      c.avg,
+      c.cnt,
+      c.min_value,
+      c.max_value
+    FROM canon c
+    ORDER BY c.d ASC
     LIMIT ${cap}
   `;
   return buckets.map((b) => {
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/__tests__/legacy-coach-availability.test.ts b/src/lib/modules/__tests__/legacy-coach-availability.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b72c54fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/modules/__tests__/legacy-coach-availability.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ prisma: {} }));
+
+import { foldLegacyCoachAvailability } from "../operator-availability";
+
+describe("foldLegacyCoachAvailability", () => {
+  it("carries a pre-0343 `coach: false` into the Coach switch and drops the key", () => {
+    expect(
+      foldLegacyCoachAvailability({ coach: false, labs: true }, true),
+    ).toEqual({
+      moduleAvailabilityJson: { labs: true },
+      assistantCoachEnabled: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("drops a `coach: true` key without switching the Coach on", () => {
+    expect(foldLegacyCoachAvailability({ coach: true }, false)).toEqual({
+      moduleAvailabilityJson: {},
+      assistantCoachEnabled: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("leaves a current blob and a missing blob as they are", () => {
+    expect(foldLegacyCoachAvailability({ labs: false }, true)).toEqual({
+      moduleAvailabilityJson: { labs: false },
+      assistantCoachEnabled: true,
+    });
+    expect(foldLegacyCoachAvailability(null, true)).toEqual({
+      moduleAvailabilityJson: null,
+      assistantCoachEnabled: true,
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/gate.ts b/src/lib/modules/gate.ts
index 61bb9bf04..a4da80212 100644
--- a/src/lib/modules/gate.ts
+++ b/src/lib/modules/gate.ts
@@ -169,28 +169,32 @@ export function resolveModuleEnabled(
 
 /** Internal: load the gate inputs once per request. */
 function loadInputs(userId: string): Promise<ModuleGateInputs> {
-  return memoizePerRequest(`module-gate-inputs:${userId}`, async () => {
-    const [user, cycleProfile] = await Promise.all([
-      prisma.user.findUnique({
-        where: { id: userId },
-        select: {
-          gender: true,
-          disableCoach: true,
-          modulePreferencesJson: true,
-        },
-      }),
-      prisma.cycleProfile.findUnique({
-        where: { userId },
-        select: { cycleTrackingEnabled: true },
-      }),
-    ]);
-    return {
-      gender: user?.gender ?? null,
-      disableCoach: user?.disableCoach ?? false,
-      modulePreferences: normalisePrefs(user?.modulePreferencesJson),
-      cycleTrackingEnabled: cycleProfile?.cycleTrackingEnabled ?? null,
-    };
-  });
+  return memoizePerRequest(
+    `module-gate-inputs:${userId}`,
+    async () => {
+      const [user, cycleProfile] = await Promise.all([
+        prisma.user.findUnique({
+          where: { id: userId },
+          select: {
+            gender: true,
+            disableCoach: true,
+            modulePreferencesJson: true,
+          },
+        }),
+        prisma.cycleProfile.findUnique({
+          where: { userId },
+          select: { cycleTrackingEnabled: true },
+        }),
+      ]);
+      return {
+        gender: user?.gender ?? null,
+        disableCoach: user?.disableCoach ?? false,
+        modulePreferences: normalisePrefs(user?.modulePreferencesJson),
+        cycleTrackingEnabled: cycleProfile?.cycleTrackingEnabled ?? null,
+      };
+    },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
+  );
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/modules/operator-availability.ts b/src/lib/modules/operator-availability.ts
index 022f6e36c..d90b44a10 100644
--- a/src/lib/modules/operator-availability.ts
+++ b/src/lib/modules/operator-availability.ts
@@ -104,13 +104,45 @@ async function loadAvailabilityBlob(): Promise<unknown> {
  * all-available so the modules stay visible on first boot.
  */
 export async function getOperatorModuleAvailability(): Promise<OperatorModuleAvailability> {
-  return memoizePerRequest("operator-module-availability", async () => {
-    const [blob, switches] = await Promise.all([
-      loadAvailabilityBlob(),
-      getAssistantFlags(),
-    ]);
-    return resolveOperatorAvailability(blob, switches.coach);
-  });
+  return memoizePerRequest(
+    "operator-module-availability",
+    async () => {
+      const [blob, switches] = await Promise.all([
+        loadAvailabilityBlob(),
+        getAssistantFlags(),
+      ]);
+      return resolveOperatorAvailability(blob, switches.coach);
+    },
+    { freshInBackground: true },
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bring an instance settings pair written before migration 0343 forward.
+ *
+ * Until 0343 the operator turned the Coach off in module availability
+ * (`{ coach: false }`); since then the Coach switch alone carries that answer
+ * and the availability key is ignored. The migration folded every live row; a
+ * restored backup from before it needs the same fold, or the Coach it had off
+ * comes back on and the dead key sits in the blob. Returns the pair to write.
+ */
+export function foldLegacyCoachAvailability(
+  moduleAvailabilityJson: unknown,
+  assistantCoachEnabled: boolean,
+): { moduleAvailabilityJson: unknown; assistantCoachEnabled: boolean } {
+  if (
+    typeof moduleAvailabilityJson !== "object" ||
+    moduleAvailabilityJson === null ||
+    Array.isArray(moduleAvailabilityJson) ||
+    !("coach" in moduleAvailabilityJson)
+  ) {
+    return { moduleAvailabilityJson, assistantCoachEnabled };
+  }
+  const { coach, ...rest } = moduleAvailabilityJson as Record<string, unknown>;
+  return {
+    moduleAvailabilityJson: rest,
+    assistantCoachEnabled: coach === false ? false : assistantCoachEnabled,
+  };
 }
 
 /** A module key whose operator layer the blob owns (every key but the Coach). */
diff --git a/src/lib/request-cache.ts b/src/lib/request-cache.ts
index ec40f6a9a..eff4191d8 100644
--- a/src/lib/request-cache.ts
+++ b/src/lib/request-cache.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,22 @@ function getCache(builder: WideEventBuilder): Map<string, unknown> {
   return cache;
 }
 
+export interface MemoizeOptions {
+  /**
+   * Read afresh on every call inside a background event.
+   *
+   * A request is short and acts for one record, so one read of the operator's
+   * switches serves all of it. A background job opens one wide event for its
+   * whole run, and a nightly pass loops over every user inside it: a cached
+   * switch, module map, provider presence or consent set would be the answer
+   * from the start of the run, served to every later user and to the wire
+   * re-check, so turning the Assistant off at 02:05 would not stop the pass
+   * that began at 02:00. Every input that decides whether AI work may run
+   * sets this.
+   */
+  freshInBackground?: boolean;
+}
+
 /**
  * Memoise `factory()` for the lifetime of the current request. Returns
  * the factory's result directly when no event context is active so
@@ -49,11 +65,15 @@ function getCache(builder: WideEventBuilder): Map<string, unknown> {
 export function memoizePerRequest<T>(
   key: string,
   factory: () => Promise<T>,
+  options: MemoizeOptions = {},
 ): Promise<T> {
   const event = getEvent();
   if (!event) {
     return factory();
   }
+  if (options.freshInBackground && event.getKind() === "background") {
+    return factory();
+  }
   const cache = getCache(event);
   const existing = cache.get(key);
   if (existing !== undefined) {
diff --git a/src/lib/rollups/tiered-context.ts b/src/lib/rollups/tiered-context.ts
index fdf43b62c..28ec0a6a6 100644
--- a/src/lib/rollups/tiered-context.ts
+++ b/src/lib/rollups/tiered-context.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import type {
   MeasurementType,
   RollupGranularity,
 } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
-import { isNearUtc } from "@/lib/tz/format";
+import { isNearUtc, isValidTimezone } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 import {
   ensureUserRollupsFresh,
   readRollupBuckets,
@@ -400,7 +400,12 @@ async function readBand(
   // straight to the live path keyed in their zone. The coarser bands stay
   // on the UTC-anchored rollups — a few hours of offset moves bucket
   // MEMBERSHIP at week/month/year grain by at most one edge reading.
-  if (granularity === "DAY" && tz && !isNearUtc(tz, new Date(now))) {
+  if (
+    granularity === "DAY" &&
+    tz &&
+    isValidTimezone(tz) &&
+    !isNearUtc(tz, new Date(now))
+  ) {
     return readBandLive(userId, type, granularity, from, to, tz);
   }
   // `readRollupBuckets` never throws — an empty / missing partition yields
diff --git a/src/lib/tz/__tests__/resolver.test.ts b/src/lib/tz/__tests__/resolver.test.ts
index 0f81b2aef..c6d8c6d62 100644
--- a/src/lib/tz/__tests__/resolver.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/tz/__tests__/resolver.test.ts
@@ -55,6 +55,24 @@ describe("isValidTimezone", () => {
   it("rejects strings longer than 64 chars", () => {
     expect(isValidTimezone("A".repeat(65))).toBe(false);
   });
+
+  // The runtime accepts UTC offsets as zone ids, but Postgres reads a bare
+  // offset in `AT TIME ZONE` with the POSIX sign (east is negative), so a day
+  // cut in SQL would land on the wrong side of UTC.
+  it("rejects bare UTC offsets", () => {
+    expect(isValidTimezone("+05:30")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("-0800")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("+05")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("\u221205:00")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps accepting named zones, aliases and the Etc family", () => {
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Asia/Kolkata")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Asia/Calcutta")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Europe/Kyiv")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Etc/UTC")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isValidTimezone("Etc/GMT+5")).toBe(true);
+  });
 });
 
 describe("resolveServerDefaultTimezone", () => {
@@ -109,6 +127,16 @@ describe("resolveUserTimezone", () => {
     expect(await resolveUserTimezone("user-1")).toBe("Pacific/Auckland");
   });
 
+  it("falls back to the server default for a stored bare offset", async () => {
+    vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      timezone: "+05:30",
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(prisma.appSettings.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
+      defaultUserTimezone: "Asia/Tokyo",
+    } as never);
+    expect(await resolveUserTimezone("user-1")).toBe("Asia/Tokyo");
+  });
+
   it("falls back to the server default when the user row is missing", async () => {
     vi.mocked(prisma.user.findUnique).mockResolvedValue(null);
     vi.mocked(prisma.appSettings.findUnique).mockResolvedValue({
@@ -337,3 +365,17 @@ describe("DEFAULT_TIMEZONE", () => {
     expect(DEFAULT_TIMEZONE).toBe("Europe/Berlin");
   });
 });
+
+describe("request schemas refuse a bare offset zone", () => {
+  it("the screener submission", async () => {
+    const { createAssessmentSchema } =
+      await import("@/lib/validations/mental-health");
+    const base = { instrument: "PHQ9", items: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] };
+    expect(
+      createAssessmentSchema.safeParse({ ...base, tz: "Asia/Kolkata" }).success,
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      createAssessmentSchema.safeParse({ ...base, tz: "+05:30" }).success,
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/tz/format.ts b/src/lib/tz/format.ts
index 1fa9ba047..4277a48a0 100644
--- a/src/lib/tz/format.ts
+++ b/src/lib/tz/format.ts
@@ -48,9 +48,20 @@ const WALL_CLOCK_PARTS_OPTIONS: Omit<Intl.DateTimeFormatOptions, "timeZone"> =
   });
 
 /**
- * Validate a timezone string by asking `Intl.DateTimeFormat` to use it.
- * Returns `true` if the runtime accepts the zone, `false` otherwise.
- * Cheap (microseconds) — call freely at write paths.
+ * A zone id the runtime resolved to a bare UTC offset (`+05:30`, `-08:00`).
+ */
+const OFFSET_ZONE = /^[+-]\d/;
+
+/**
+ * Validate a timezone string: a named IANA zone (or `UTC`) the runtime
+ * accepts. Returns `false` for anything else. Cheap (microseconds) — call
+ * freely at write paths.
+ *
+ * Bare UTC offsets are refused although the runtime accepts them as zone ids.
+ * The zone ends up in Postgres `AT TIME ZONE`, which reads a bare offset with
+ * the POSIX sign (east of UTC is negative), so `+05:30` would cut every day
+ * eleven hours off. Named zones, their aliases and the `Etc/GMT±N` family
+ * mean the same thing to both.
  */
 export function isValidTimezone(tz: string): boolean {
   if (!tz || typeof tz !== "string" || tz.length === 0 || tz.length > 64) {
@@ -60,13 +71,29 @@ export function isValidTimezone(tz: string): boolean {
     // The memo only caches successful constructions, so probing an
     // invalid zone through it cannot poison the formatter map — and a
     // valid zone leaves its formatter warm for the real callers.
-    getDateTimeFormat("en-US", tz, VALIDATION_OPTIONS);
-    return true;
+    const resolved = getDateTimeFormat(
+      "en-US",
+      tz,
+      VALIDATION_OPTIONS,
+    ).resolvedOptions().timeZone;
+    return !OFFSET_ZONE.test(resolved);
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * `tz` when it is a valid zone, else `fallback`. For every place a stored or
+ * supplied zone reaches SQL: a value written before offsets were refused may
+ * still sit in the database, and it must never be spliced.
+ */
+export function validTimezoneOr(
+  tz: string | null | undefined,
+  fallback: string,
+): string {
+  return tz && isValidTimezone(tz) ? tz : fallback;
+}
+
 /**
  * The list of every IANA zone the current Node runtime accepts.
  * Returns an empty array on engines older than Node 22 / V8 12.5
diff --git a/src/lib/validations/mental-health.ts b/src/lib/validations/mental-health.ts
index 9331f9f85..ca6b70784 100644
--- a/src/lib/validations/mental-health.ts
+++ b/src/lib/validations/mental-health.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   type InstrumentId,
 } from "@/lib/mental-health/instruments";
 import { assertStableExternalId } from "@/lib/validations/external-id";
+import { isValidTimezone } from "@/lib/tz/format";
 
 export const assessmentInstrumentEnum = z.enum(["PHQ9", "GAD7", "WHO5", "SCI"]);
 
@@ -38,7 +39,11 @@ export const createAssessmentSchema = z
     functionalDifficulty: z.number().int().min(0).max(3).optional(),
     /** ISO instant the screener was taken; defaults to now server-side. */
     takenAt: z.string().datetime().optional(),
-    tz: z.string().max(64).optional(),
+    tz: z
+      .string()
+      .max(64)
+      .refine(isValidTimezone, "Invalid IANA timezone")
+      .optional(),
     /** Locale of the validated wording actually presented. */
     locale: z.string().max(16).optional(),
     /** Client provenance; defaults to WEB. */
diff --git a/tests/integration/admin-backups-restore.test.ts b/tests/integration/admin-backups-restore.test.ts
index 3eecc7a2a..fed756f18 100644
--- a/tests/integration/admin-backups-restore.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/admin-backups-restore.test.ts
@@ -385,6 +385,59 @@ describe("POST /api/admin/backups/[id]/restore", () => {
     expect(rewritten.documentMaxFileBytes).toBe(4 * 1_048_576);
   });
 
+  it("folds a pre-0343 Coach availability key into the Coach switch", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const admin = await seedAdminSession();
+    const live = await prisma.appSettings.create({
+      data: { id: "singleton" },
+    });
+
+    // A file written before the Coach's operator layer moved from module
+    // availability to the Coach switch: the operator had the Coach off there.
+    const { assistantDocumentAiEnabled: _dropped, ...beforeTheSwitchExisted } =
+      live;
+    void _dropped;
+    const backup = await prisma.dataBackup.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: admin.id,
+        type: "MANUAL_UPLOAD_SETTINGS_TEST",
+        data: encrypt(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            schemaVersion: "1",
+            exportedAt: "2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Z",
+            userId: admin.id,
+            measurements: [],
+            medications: [],
+            intakeEvents: [],
+            moodEntries: [],
+            appSettings: {
+              ...beforeTheSwitchExisted,
+              documentQuotaBytes: String(live.documentQuotaBytes),
+              assistantCoachEnabled: true,
+              moduleAvailabilityJson: { coach: false, labs: false },
+            },
+          }),
+        ),
+      },
+    });
+
+    const { POST } = await import("@/app/api/admin/backups/[id]/restore/route");
+    const res = await POST(
+      makeRequest(backup.id, {
+        confirm: "RESTORE",
+        restoreInstanceSettings: true,
+      }) as unknown as Parameters<typeof POST>[0],
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ id: backup.id }) },
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+
+    const restored = await prisma.appSettings.findUniqueOrThrow({
+      where: { id: "singleton" },
+    });
+    expect(restored.assistantCoachEnabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(restored.moduleAvailabilityJson).toEqual({ labs: false });
+  });
+
   it("returns 404 when the backup id is unknown", async () => {
     const admin = await seedAdminSession();
     void admin;
diff --git a/tests/integration/background-switch-freshness.test.ts b/tests/integration/background-switch-freshness.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98140c248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/background-switch-freshness.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**
+ * A switch turned off while a nightly job is running stops the rest of it.
+ *
+ * Reads inside one request are memoised on the request's wide event, so a
+ * page that resolves the AI capabilities five times reads the settings row
+ * once. A background job opens one wide event for its whole run, and the
+ * status crons loop over every candidate inside it: memoising there meant the
+ * switches, the modules and the consent kinds were read once at the start of
+ * the run and served to every later user, and the wire re-check read the same
+ * cached answer. Turning the Assistant off at 02:05 did not stop the 02:00
+ * pass.
+ *
+ * Driven here over the real loop, the real capability loader and Postgres:
+ * the first user's generation turns the switch off, and the remaining users
+ * must not reach a generator, while the wire re-check inside the first user's
+ * own run must see the change too.
+ */
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
+
+const candidates = vi.hoisted(() => ({ ids: [] as string[] }));
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/jobs/status-cron-candidates", () => ({
+  findStatusCronCandidates: vi.fn(async () =>
+    candidates.ids.map((id) => ({ id, locale: "en" })),
+  ),
+}));
+
+import { runStatusCronGenerate } from "@/lib/jobs/reminder/insights-handlers";
+import { aiEgressRefusal } from "@/lib/ai/capabilities/egress";
+
+let counter = 0;
+
+async function seedUserWithProvider(): Promise<string> {
+  const n = counter++;
+  const user = await getPrismaClient().user.create({
+    data: {
+      username: `fresh-switch-${n}`,
+      email: `fresh-switch-${n}@example.test`,
+      role: "USER",
+      timezone: "UTC",
+      locale: "en",
+      aiProvider: "ANTHROPIC",
+      aiAnthropicKeyEncrypted: "v1:presence-only",
+      consentReceipts: {
+        create: { kind: "ai_full", artefact: "test", signedAt: new Date() },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  return user.id;
+}
+
+async function setInsightStatusSwitch(enabled: boolean): Promise<void> {
+  await getPrismaClient().appSettings.upsert({
+    where: { id: "singleton" },
+    create: { id: "singleton", assistantInsightStatusEnabled: enabled },
+    update: { assistantInsightStatusEnabled: enabled },
+  });
+}
+
+beforeEach(async () => {
+  await truncateAllTables(getPrismaClient());
+  await setInsightStatusSwitch(true);
+});
+
+describe("a switch turned off mid-run", () => {
+  it("stops the remaining users of the same background pass", async () => {
+    candidates.ids = [
+      await seedUserWithProvider(),
+      await seedUserWithProvider(),
+      await seedUserWithProvider(),
+    ];
+    const reached: string[] = [];
+    const wire: Array<string | null> = [];
+
+    const generate = vi.fn(async (userId: string) => {
+      reached.push(userId);
+      // The wire re-check before the switch moves: open.
+      wire.push(
+        (await aiEgressRefusal("statusText", userId, ["anthropic"]))?.reason ??
+          null,
+      );
+      await setInsightStatusSwitch(false);
+      // The same user's wire re-check after it moved: closed.
+      wire.push(
+        (await aiEgressRefusal("statusText", userId, ["anthropic"]))?.reason ??
+          null,
+      );
+    });
+
+    await runStatusCronGenerate("job.test.fresh_switch", generate);
+
+    expect(reached).toEqual([candidates.ids[0]]);
+    expect(wire[0]).toBeNull();
+    expect(wire[1]).not.toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts b/tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts
index cbd927b0a..06293671e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/coach-reminder-surfacing.test.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { getPrismaClient, truncateAllTables } from "./setup";
 import { runCoachReminderSweep } from "@/lib/jobs/coach-reminder-sweep";
 import { readCoachNudgeStatus } from "@/lib/ai/coach/nudge-status";
+import { evaluateCoachContextReminders } from "@/lib/ai/coach/context-reminders";
 import { decryptFromBytes, encryptToBytes } from "@/lib/ai/coach/bytes-codec";
 
 const NOW = new Date("2026-08-07T05:20:00.000Z");
@@ -32,17 +33,34 @@ beforeEach(async () => {
   await truncateAllTables(getPrismaClient());
 });
 
-async function seedUser(username: string, locale = "en") {
+/**
+ * A user whose Coach can answer: a provider (presence only) and a Coach
+ * consent receipt. Reminders are held while the Coach is unavailable, so a
+ * user without them would prove only the hold.
+ */
+async function seedUser(
+  username: string,
+  { coach = true }: { coach?: boolean } = {},
+) {
   return getPrismaClient().user.create({
     data: {
       username,
       email: `${username}@example.test`,
       timezone: "UTC",
-      locale,
+      locale: "en",
+      ...(coach ? COACH_READY : {}),
     },
   });
 }
 
+const COACH_READY = {
+  aiProvider: "ANTHROPIC",
+  aiAnthropicKeyEncrypted: "v1:presence-only",
+  consentReceipts: {
+    create: { kind: "ai_full", artefact: "test", signedAt: new Date() },
+  },
+} as const;
+
 describe("a due Coach reminder reaches the conversation the badge points at", () => {
   it("writes the note as an assistant message, and that message is what makes the badge unread", async () => {
     const prisma = getPrismaClient();
@@ -236,4 +254,95 @@ describe("a due Coach reminder reaches the conversation the badge points at", ()
     expect(untouched.status).toBe("active");
     expect((await readCoachNudgeStatus(user.id)).unread).toBe(false);
   });
+
+  it("holds every reminder while the Coach is unavailable, and resumes when it is back", async () => {
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const user = await seedUser("reminder-held", { coach: false });
+    const due = await prisma.coachReminder.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: user.id,
+        noteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("held until the Coach is back"),
+        triggerKind: "date",
+        dueAt: YESTERDAY,
+        status: "active",
+        source: "user",
+      },
+    });
+    // One more ignored day would reach the nag cap.
+    const nagging = await prisma.coachReminder.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: user.id,
+        noteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("surfaced before the Coach went away"),
+        triggerKind: "date",
+        dueAt: new Date("2026-08-01T09:00:00.000Z"),
+        status: "surfaced",
+        lastSurfacedAt: new Date("2026-08-04T05:20:00.000Z"),
+        surfaceCount: 2,
+        source: "user",
+      },
+    });
+    const context = await prisma.coachReminder.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: user.id,
+        noteEncrypted: encryptToBytes("ask about the weigh-in"),
+        triggerKind: "context",
+        contextCue: "NEXT_WEIGHT_LOGGED",
+        status: "active",
+        source: "user",
+      },
+    });
+    await prisma.measurement.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: user.id,
+        type: "WEIGHT",
+        value: 70,
+        unit: "kg",
+        measuredAt: YESTERDAY,
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Three daily ticks: none surfaces, none is charged or dismissed.
+    for (let day = 0; day < 3; day++) {
+      const summary = await runCoachReminderSweep(
+        prisma,
+        new Date(NOW.getTime() + day * 86_400_000),
+      );
+      expect(summary.remindersDue).toBe(0);
+      expect(summary.contextSurfaced).toBe(0);
+      expect(summary.nagDismissed).toBe(0);
+    }
+    // The ingest hook holds too.
+    expect(
+      (await evaluateCoachContextReminders(prisma, user.id, "measurement", NOW))
+        .surfaced,
+    ).toBe(0);
+
+    expect(
+      await prisma.coachMessage.count({
+        where: { conversation: { userId: user.id } },
+      }),
+    ).toBe(0);
+    const rows = await prisma.coachReminder.findMany({
+      where: { userId: user.id },
+      orderBy: { createdAt: "asc" },
+    });
+    const byId = new Map(rows.map((r) => [r.id, r]));
+    expect(byId.get(due.id)?.status).toBe("active");
+    expect(byId.get(nagging.id)?.status).toBe("surfaced");
+    expect(byId.get(nagging.id)?.surfaceCount).toBe(2);
+    expect(byId.get(context.id)?.status).toBe("active");
+
+    // The Coach comes back: the held reminders surface on the next tick.
+    await prisma.user.update({
+      where: { id: user.id },
+      data: {
+        aiProvider: COACH_READY.aiProvider,
+        aiAnthropicKeyEncrypted: COACH_READY.aiAnthropicKeyEncrypted,
+        consentReceipts: { create: COACH_READY.consentReceipts.create },
+      },
+    });
+    const resumed = await runCoachReminderSweep(prisma, NOW);
+    expect(resumed.remindersDue).toBe(1);
+    expect(resumed.contextSurfaced).toBe(1);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/integration/cycle-start-round-trip.test.ts b/tests/integration/cycle-start-round-trip.test.ts
index 8595df6f1..bbb458a1e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/cycle-start-round-trip.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/cycle-start-round-trip.test.ts
@@ -236,6 +236,66 @@ describe("logging a period start and taking it back", () => {
     expect(await liveShapes()).toEqual(before);
   });
 
+  it("gives back the start a mis-tapped earlier start folded in", async () => {
+    // A start a few days after another is the same period entered late, so
+    // the earlier tap folds it in. When the earlier tap was the mistake,
+    // taking it back has to bring the real start back too, not reopen the
+    // cycle before it.
+    await loginAs(USER_ID);
+    await seedHistory();
+    await startPeriod("2026-08-10");
+    const before = await liveShapes();
+    const realStart = await getPrismaClient().menstrualCycle.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: USER_ID, startDate: "2026-08-10" },
+      select: { id: true },
+    });
+
+    await startPeriod("2026-08-05");
+    const during = await liveShapes();
+    expect(during.map((c) => c.startDate)).not.toContain("2026-08-10");
+    expect(during.at(-1)?.startDate).toBe("2026-08-05");
+
+    const misTap = await getPrismaClient().menstrualCycle.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: USER_ID, startDate: "2026-08-05" },
+      select: { id: true },
+    });
+    const { DELETE } = await import("@/app/api/cycle/cycles/[id]/route");
+    const res = await DELETE(
+      jsonRequest(`/api/cycle/cycles/${misTap.id}`, "DELETE"),
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ id: misTap.id }) },
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(204);
+
+    expect(await liveShapes()).toEqual(before);
+    // The real start's own day is its own again.
+    const dayLog = await getPrismaClient().cycleDayLog.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: USER_ID, date: "2026-08-10" },
+      select: { cycleId: true },
+    });
+    expect(dayLog.cycleId).toBe(realStart.id);
+  });
+
+  it("gives back the folded start when the mis-tap's day-log is deleted", async () => {
+    await loginAs(USER_ID);
+    await seedHistory();
+    await startPeriod("2026-08-10");
+    const before = await liveShapes();
+
+    await startPeriod("2026-08-05");
+    const dayLog = await getPrismaClient().cycleDayLog.findFirstOrThrow({
+      where: { userId: USER_ID, date: "2026-08-05" },
+      select: { id: true },
+    });
+    const { DELETE } = await import("@/app/api/cycle/day-logs/[id]/route");
+    const res = await DELETE(
+      jsonRequest(`/api/cycle/day-logs/${dayLog.id}`, "DELETE"),
+      { params: Promise.resolve({ id: dayLog.id }) },
+    );
+    expect(res.status).toBe(204);
+
+    expect(await liveShapes()).toEqual(before);
+  });
+
   it("leaves a day-log that opened no cycle alone", async () => {
     // A plain entry on a day that is not a cycle start must not take a cycle
     // with it when it is deleted.
diff --git a/tests/integration/daily-series-user-tz.test.ts b/tests/integration/daily-series-user-tz.test.ts
index e96270b81..4ae147839 100644
--- a/tests/integration/daily-series-user-tz.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/daily-series-user-tz.test.ts
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@ function byLocalDay(
 
 const EXPECTED = { "2026-09-10": 1100, "2026-09-11": 10 };
 
+/** The ladder puts Withings first for pulse, so its two readings are the day. */
+const CANON_EXPECTED = [
+  { day: "2026-09-10", value: 95, count: 2, min: 90, max: 100 },
+  { day: "2026-09-11", value: 64, count: 1, min: 64, max: 64 },
+];
+
 describe("daily series buckets by the user's calendar day (#1026)", () => {
   for (const tz of ["Europe/Berlin", "Asia/Kolkata", "America/New_York"]) {
     it(`chart daily read agrees with the local day (${tz})`, async () => {
@@ -124,4 +130,58 @@ describe("daily series buckets by the user's calendar day (#1026)", () => {
       expect(byLocalDay(rows, tz)).toEqual(EXPECTED);
     });
   }
+
+  it("collapses a day to its canonical source before folding it", async () => {
+    // Two sources on one day: only the ladder's pick is folded, and the
+    // mean, count and spread all come from that one source.
+    const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+    const user = await prisma.user.create({
+      data: {
+        username: "tz-canon",
+        email: "tz-canon@example.test",
+        role: "USER",
+        timezone: "Europe/Berlin",
+      },
+    });
+    const at = (h: number) => localHmAsUtc(DAY, "Europe/Berlin", h, 0);
+    await prisma.measurement.createMany({
+      data: [
+        { value: 60, source: "APPLE_HEALTH" as const, measuredAt: at(8) },
+        { value: 70, source: "APPLE_HEALTH" as const, measuredAt: at(9) },
+        { value: 90, source: "WITHINGS" as const, measuredAt: at(10) },
+        { value: 100, source: "WITHINGS" as const, measuredAt: at(12) },
+        { value: 50, source: "MANUAL" as const, measuredAt: at(11) },
+        // The next day has one source only.
+        {
+          value: 64,
+          source: "WITHINGS" as const,
+          measuredAt: localHmAsUtc(NEXT_DAY, "Europe/Berlin", 7, 0),
+        },
+      ].map((r) => ({
+        ...r,
+        userId: user.id,
+        type: "PULSE" as const,
+        unit: "bpm",
+      })),
+    });
+    const rows = await readLiveBuckets({
+      userId: user.id,
+      type: "PULSE",
+      from: new Date("2026-09-05T00:00:00Z"),
+      to: new Date("2026-09-15T00:00:00Z"),
+      cap: 366,
+      priorityJson: null,
+      grain: "daily",
+      timeZone: "Europe/Berlin",
+    });
+    expect(
+      rows.map((r) => ({
+        day: userDayKey(new Date(r.measuredAt), "Europe/Berlin"),
+        value: r.value,
+        count: r.count,
+        min: r.minValue,
+        max: r.maxValue,
+      })),
+    ).toEqual(CANON_EXPECTED);
+  });
 });