diff --git a/docs/api/openapi.yaml b/docs/api/openapi.yaml
index e02690ce0..0dbcde4a0 100644
--- a/docs/api/openapi.yaml
+++ b/docs/api/openapi.yaml
@@ -25189,10 +25189,10 @@ paths:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/ErrorEnvelope"
         "409":
           description: "The chosen target cannot take the copy, and nothing was stored: a managed profile
-            (`backup.target.managed_profile`), an account pending deletion (`backup.target.pending_deletion`), an
-            account that already holds records (`backup.target.holds_records`, `meta.models` naming them), a username
-            already taken (`backup.target.username_taken`), or a file whose own account is still here
-            (`backup.owner.exists`)."
+            (`backup.target.managed_profile`), an account pending deletion (`backup.target.pending_deletion`), an admin
+            account (`backup.target.admin_account`), an account that already holds records
+            (`backup.target.holds_records`, `meta.models` naming them), a username already taken
+            (`backup.target.username_taken`), or a file whose own account is still here (`backup.owner.exists`)."
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
@@ -26190,17 +26190,19 @@ paths:
         - in: query
           name: values
           schema:
-            description: Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as
+            description: "Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as
               `lab:<biomarkerId>` (see `availableLabs`). A name given twice counts once, so the list is bounded by the
-              names that exist; an unknown measurement name answers 422, and so do more than 24 lab markers (ids, unlike
-              names, are not a closed set). A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is
-              left out of `labSeries` without an error, so a stored choice never breaks the page.
+              names that exist; an unknown measurement name or a malformed marker key answers 422. At most 24 lab
+              markers are drawn (ids, unlike names, are not a closed set): the first 24 are kept and any further ones
+              left out without an error. A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is
+              likewise left out of `labSeries`, so a stored choice never breaks the page."
             type: string
-          description: Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as
+          description: "Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as
             `lab:<biomarkerId>` (see `availableLabs`). A name given twice counts once, so the list is bounded by the
-            names that exist; an unknown measurement name answers 422, and so do more than 24 lab markers (ids, unlike
-            names, are not a closed set). A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is left
-            out of `labSeries` without an error, so a stored choice never breaks the page.
+            names that exist; an unknown measurement name or a malformed marker key answers 422. At most 24 lab markers
+            are drawn (ids, unlike names, are not a closed set): the first 24 are kept and any further ones left out
+            without an error. A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is likewise left out
+            of `labSeries`, so a stored choice never breaks the page."
       responses:
         "200":
           description: The timeline for the requested zoom and window.
@@ -38714,36 +38716,37 @@ components:
                 auth.reproof.too_weak, auth.scope.insufficient, auth.session.insecure_transport,
                 auth.session.unavailable, auth.stepup.required, auth.token.expired, auth.token.invalid; backup —
                 backup.foreign_reference, backup.key.missing, backup.owner.exists, backup.owner.missing,
-                backup.payload.undecryptable, backup.restore.active, backup.section.missing,
-                backup.target.holds_records, backup.target.managed_profile, backup.target.not_found,
-                backup.target.pending_deletion, backup.target.unconfirmed, backup.target.username_taken,
-                backup.upload.too_large; biomarkers — biomarkers.unit.locked; body-site — body-site.invalid; coach —
-                coach.budget.exceeded, coach.conversation.invalidTitle, coach.conversation.notFound,
-                coach.fenced.attachmentConflict, coach.fenced.attachmentLimit, coach.fenced.attachmentNotFound,
-                coach.fenced.attachmentNotIndexed, coach.fenced.attachmentRequired, coach.fenced.attachmentUnavailable,
-                coach.fenced.invalid, coach.request.invalid; coach-prefs — coach-prefs.body.invalid_json,
-                coach-prefs.body.invalid_shape; consent — consent.ai.confirmRequired, consent.ai.required; cycle —
-                cycle.bulk.invalid, cycle.bulk.too_large, cycle.calendar.invalid, cycle.calendar.range,
-                cycle.cycles.invalid, cycle.day-log.conflict, cycle.day-log.invalid, cycle.disabled,
-                cycle.period.invalid, cycle.symptom.custom.invalid, cycle.symptom.custom.limit; cycle-prefs —
-                cycle-prefs.body.invalid_json, cycle-prefs.invalid; disable-coach — disable-coach.body.invalid_json;
-                data_wipe — data_wipe.copy_failed; dawarich — dawarich.credentials_rejected,
-                dawarich.home_place_unknown, dawarich.invalid, dawarich.not_connected, dawarich.rate_limited,
-                dawarich.unreachable; day — day.invalid; demo — demo.readOnly; documents —
-                documents.chat.conversationNotFound, documents.chat.invalid, documents.inbound.alreadyConfirmed,
-                documents.inbound.alreadyPartlyConfirmed, documents.inbound.budgetExceeded,
-                documents.inbound.decryptFailed, documents.inbound.encounterNotFound, documents.inbound.episodeNotFound,
-                documents.inbound.extractFailed, documents.inbound.factNotFound, documents.inbound.factNotPending,
-                documents.inbound.factTypeMismatch, documents.inbound.fileTooLarge, documents.inbound.fileType,
-                documents.inbound.invalidMetadata, documents.inbound.invalidQuery, documents.inbound.invalidUpdate,
-                documents.inbound.localOcrDisabled, documents.inbound.notDeleted, documents.inbound.notFound,
-                documents.inbound.notIndexed, documents.inbound.outputLimit, documents.inbound.pdfNeedsAnthropic,
-                documents.inbound.providerUnsupported, documents.inbound.quotaExceeded, documents.inbound.rateLimited,
-                documents.inbound.restoreDuplicate, documents.inbound.restoreGone, documents.inbound.sourceAliasLimit,
-                documents.inbound.uploadBusy, documents.inbound.uploadTimeout, documents.inbound.vaccinationNotFound,
-                documents.sources.authRefused, documents.sources.badResponse, documents.sources.browserOnly,
-                documents.sources.invalidAddress, documents.sources.linkTargetNotFound, documents.sources.notConnected,
-                documents.sources.notFound, documents.sources.organizationRequired, documents.sources.originNotAllowed,
+                backup.payload.undecryptable, backup.restore.active, backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere,
+                backup.section.missing, backup.target.admin_account, backup.target.holds_records,
+                backup.target.managed_profile, backup.target.not_found, backup.target.pending_deletion,
+                backup.target.unconfirmed, backup.target.username_taken, backup.upload.too_large; biomarkers —
+                biomarkers.unit.locked; body-site — body-site.invalid; coach — coach.budget.exceeded,
+                coach.conversation.invalidTitle, coach.conversation.notFound, coach.fenced.attachmentConflict,
+                coach.fenced.attachmentLimit, coach.fenced.attachmentNotFound, coach.fenced.attachmentNotIndexed,
+                coach.fenced.attachmentRequired, coach.fenced.attachmentUnavailable, coach.fenced.invalid,
+                coach.request.invalid; coach-prefs — coach-prefs.body.invalid_json, coach-prefs.body.invalid_shape;
+                consent — consent.ai.confirmRequired, consent.ai.required; cycle — cycle.bulk.invalid,
+                cycle.bulk.too_large, cycle.calendar.invalid, cycle.calendar.range, cycle.cycles.invalid,
+                cycle.day-log.conflict, cycle.day-log.invalid, cycle.disabled, cycle.period.invalid,
+                cycle.symptom.custom.invalid, cycle.symptom.custom.limit; cycle-prefs — cycle-prefs.body.invalid_json,
+                cycle-prefs.invalid; disable-coach — disable-coach.body.invalid_json; data_wipe — data_wipe.copy_failed;
+                dawarich — dawarich.credentials_rejected, dawarich.home_place_unknown, dawarich.invalid,
+                dawarich.not_connected, dawarich.rate_limited, dawarich.unreachable; day — day.invalid; demo —
+                demo.readOnly; documents — documents.chat.conversationNotFound, documents.chat.invalid,
+                documents.inbound.alreadyConfirmed, documents.inbound.alreadyPartlyConfirmed,
+                documents.inbound.budgetExceeded, documents.inbound.decryptFailed, documents.inbound.encounterNotFound,
+                documents.inbound.episodeNotFound, documents.inbound.extractFailed, documents.inbound.factNotFound,
+                documents.inbound.factNotPending, documents.inbound.factTypeMismatch, documents.inbound.fileTooLarge,
+                documents.inbound.fileType, documents.inbound.invalidMetadata, documents.inbound.invalidQuery,
+                documents.inbound.invalidUpdate, documents.inbound.localOcrDisabled, documents.inbound.notDeleted,
+                documents.inbound.notFound, documents.inbound.notIndexed, documents.inbound.outputLimit,
+                documents.inbound.pdfNeedsAnthropic, documents.inbound.providerUnsupported,
+                documents.inbound.quotaExceeded, documents.inbound.rateLimited, documents.inbound.restoreDuplicate,
+                documents.inbound.restoreGone, documents.inbound.sourceAliasLimit, documents.inbound.uploadBusy,
+                documents.inbound.uploadTimeout, documents.inbound.vaccinationNotFound, documents.sources.authRefused,
+                documents.sources.badResponse, documents.sources.browserOnly, documents.sources.invalidAddress,
+                documents.sources.linkTargetNotFound, documents.sources.notConnected, documents.sources.notFound,
+                documents.sources.organizationRequired, documents.sources.originNotAllowed,
                 documents.sources.permissionMissing, documents.sources.rateLimited, documents.sources.redirected,
                 documents.sources.tokenRequired, documents.sources.unavailable, documents.sources.unreachable,
                 documents.sources.versionTooOld; encounter — encounter.invalid, encounter.link.invalid,
@@ -90610,9 +90613,11 @@ components:
           type: string
           description: "Stable reason: `backup_not_found`, `backup_changed`, `backup.payload.undecryptable`, `schema_invalid`,
             `incompatible_schema_version`, `owner_mismatch`, `owner_not_found`, `backup.section.missing`,
-            `document_ciphertext_missing`, `backup.key.missing`, `backup.foreign_reference`, `time_budget`,
-            `transaction_failed`, `interrupted`, `not_started`, `enqueue_failed`, `failed_after_commit`, `unexpected`.
-            Every code but `failed_after_commit` means the account was not changed."
+            `document_ciphertext_missing`, `backup.key.missing`, `backup.foreign_reference`,
+            `backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere` (a copy put into a chosen account whose records another account
+            already holds, because the same file was restored there before), `time_budget`, `transaction_failed`,
+            `interrupted`, `not_started`, `enqueue_failed`, `failed_after_commit`, `unexpected`. Every code but
+            `failed_after_commit` means the account was not changed."
         message:
           type: string
         sections:
diff --git a/docs/codex-protocol-spec.md b/docs/codex-protocol-spec.md
index 0baf43877..ba81bf20f 100644
--- a/docs/codex-protocol-spec.md
+++ b/docs/codex-protocol-spec.md
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ The chain is overridable via the env var `CODEX_MODEL_FALLBACK_CHAIN` (comma-sep
 | `401` after refresh, `403`, `429`, `5xx`                                      | propagate (don't walk)                           |
 | `200` with SSE `response.failed.error.code === "invalid_prompt"`              | propagate (request shape is wrong, slug is fine) |
 
-**Positive cache** — when a slug is observed working (HTTP 200 with at least one `response.completed` event), record `(slug, timestamp)` for that sign-in. On its next request, jump straight to the cached slug; the model list is read only when there is none or it stops working. TTL: 1 hour. Scope: per stored credential (`user:<id>` for a person's connection, `central` for the operator-shared one), process-local, no DB write, at most 1000 sign-ins held. Each entry carries a digest of the ChatGPT account id it was learned under, and a credential reconnected to another account starts empty. Two sign-ins on different plans no longer overwrite each other's working slug.
+**Positive cache** — when a slug is observed working (HTTP 200 with at least one `response.completed` event), record `(slug, timestamp)` for that sign-in. On its next request, jump straight to the cached slug; the model list is read only when there is none or it stops working. TTL: 1 hour. Scope: per stored credential (`user:<id>` for a person's connection, `central` for the operator-shared one), process-local, no DB write, at most 1000 sign-ins held. Each entry carries a digest of the ChatGPT account id it was learned under, and a client reads it only under that account, so a credential reconnected to another account starts empty: its first request tries no slug, skips no refusal and trusts no list the old account left, in any process. The vision gate holds no account id; the connect and disconnect routes rebind or drop the entry, so in the process that handled the change it answers from the new sign-in at once, and elsewhere from that process's first request on it. Two sign-ins on different plans no longer overwrite each other's working slug.
 
 **Cache invalidation**: on a 400/404 walk the refused slug leaves the working slot and goes to the back of that sign-in's line for six hours. The next-best slug is promoted into the cache only after it succeeds.
 
diff --git a/docs/ops/backup-restore.md b/docs/ops/backup-restore.md
index 2ab5215f3..1f8d5dd98 100644
--- a/docs/ops/backup-restore.md
+++ b/docs/ops/backup-restore.md
@@ -103,18 +103,35 @@ exists, and the console then asks where the records should go:
   password or email, as an ordinary account with the user role, and nobody
   can sign into it yet. Before handing it over, set its first password with
   **Reset password** in Admin → Users; the person can change it, add an email
-  and enrol a passkey from their settings.
+  and enrol a passkey from their settings. The account is made before the
+  file is read, with an `admin.user.create` audit row (`outcome: "created"`),
+  and removed again when the file is refused, with an `admin.user.delete` row
+  (`reason: "backup_upload_refused"`). When that row says `outcome: "failed"`,
+  the removal did not happen and the account is left over, holding nothing:
+  delete it in Admin → Users.
 - **An existing account**, for someone who has signed up again. Pick the
   account and type its username to confirm. The account must hold no records
   yet: a restore replaces an account's records and does not merge them, so an
   account with even one record of any kind a copy carries is refused, with the
-  kinds named. Managed profiles and accounts pending deletion are not offered.
+  kinds named. What signing up and the setup questions leave behind does not
+  count (the setup answers and the cycle settings): the restore replaces both
+  with the copy's. A reading or medication entered on setup's last screen is a
+  record, and the account is refused until it is deleted, because the restore
+  would delete it too. Managed profiles, accounts pending deletion and admin
+  accounts are not offered: an admin account is the operator's, its settings
+  are read under the operator's wider AI endpoint policy, and its role reaches
+  every account, so another person's record does not go into it.
 
 The file is then uploaded a second time, and its owner is changed to the chosen
 account as it is read. Nothing else in the file changes. The stored copy is
-then that account's copy in every respect: its preview, its download and its
-restore are the ordinary ones, and **Restore** on its row brings everything
-back under the chosen account. The erased account's id is not stored, not in
+then that account's copy in every respect but one: its preview, its download
+and its restore are the ordinary ones, and **Restore** on its row brings
+everything back under the chosen account. The one difference is that it is
+stored as `RETARGETED_UPLOAD_<time>` rather than `MANUAL_UPLOAD_<time>`, and its
+restore reads the file's settings as the file's author's, never as the
+operator's: an AI endpoint on a private address comes back only when this host
+grants it to ordinary accounts (`AI_PRIVATE_ORIGINS`), even if the account has
+been made an admin since. The erased account's id is not stored, not in
 the copy and not in the audit trail.
 
 A copy whose own account still exists on this server can only go back into
@@ -126,6 +143,14 @@ restored managed profile is an ordinary account.
 Once stored, the copy restores like any other: a restore run later, after the
 account has gained records, replaces those too.
 
+A file goes into one account only. Its records keep the ids they had in the
+erased account, so once it has been restored into one account, restoring the
+same file into a second account would write those ids twice. The upload still
+stores the second copy, but its restore is refused with
+`backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere` and rolled back, and nothing changes in
+either account. To move the record to another account, delete the first
+account (or its records) before restoring into the second.
+
 ### What a restore does not touch
 
 API tokens, trusted devices, step-up elevations, known devices, clinician share
diff --git a/messages/de.json b/messages/de.json
index 08080a48e..1614425f1 100644
--- a/messages/de.json
+++ b/messages/de.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "Die Wiederherstellung ist an einem unerwarteten Fehler gescheitert und wurde zurückgerollt. Das Server-Log nennt den Fehler.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Die Sicherung braucht den Verschlüsselungsschlüssel {keys}, mit dem dieser Server sie nicht öffnen kann. Nimm den Schlüssel wieder in ENCRYPTION_KEYS auf, starte neu und starte die Wiederherstellung erneut.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Die Datei verweist auf Einträge, die zu einem anderen Konto gehören. Es wurde nichts geschrieben.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "Die Datensätze dieser Datei liegen schon in einem anderen Konto auf diesem Server: Dieselbe Datei wurde dort bereits wiederhergestellt. Eine Datei lässt sich nur in ein Konto wiederherstellen. Es wurde nichts geschrieben.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Diese Sicherung lässt sich auf diesem Server nicht wiederherstellen: Sie braucht den Verschlüsselungsschlüssel {keys}. Nimm den Schlüssel zuerst wieder in ENCRYPTION_KEYS auf und starte neu.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom-Eintrag mit Verknüpfung zu einer Erkrankung, die die Datei nicht enthält (ohne Verknüpfung behalten)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Zyklus-Notiz oder -Bezeichnung mit einem Schlüssel verschlüsselt, den dieser Server nicht hat (Tag oder Symptom ohne sie behalten)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Dieses Konto hat schon Datensätze. Eine Wiederherstellung ersetzt Datensätze, statt sie zu ergänzen. Wähle ein Konto ohne Datensätze oder lege ein neues an.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Dieses Konto ist ein verwaltetes Profil. Die betreuenden Personen führen es, deshalb kann keine Kopie hinein.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Dieses Konto wird gerade gelöscht. Mach die Löschung zuerst rückgängig oder wähle ein anderes Konto.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Das ist ein Admin-Konto. Die Datensätze einer anderen Person können nicht hinein. Wähle ein normales Konto oder lege ein neues an.",
           "failureNotFound": "Dieses Konto gibt es nicht mehr.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Tippe den Benutzernamen des Kontos genau ab, um zu bestätigen.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Dieser Benutzername ist schon vergeben.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Laborwerte",
       "otherPanel": "Weitere",
+      "full": "Bis zu {max} Laborwerte gleichzeitig. Entferne einen, um einen anderen hinzuzufügen.",
       "above": "über dem Referenzbereich",
       "below": "unter dem Referenzbereich",
       "reference": "Referenz {range}",
diff --git a/messages/en.json b/messages/en.json
index 300570a96..0b9a78b16 100644
--- a/messages/en.json
+++ b/messages/en.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "The restore stopped on an unexpected error and was rolled back. The server log names the error.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "The backup needs encryption key {keys}, which this server cannot open it with. Add the key back to ENCRYPTION_KEYS, restart, and start the restore again.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "The file points at records that belong to another account. Nothing was written.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "The records in this file are already in another account on this server: the same file was restored there before. A file can be restored into one account only. Nothing was written.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "This backup cannot be restored on this server: it needs encryption key {keys}. Add the key back to ENCRYPTION_KEYS and restart first.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptom entry linked to an illness the file does not contain (kept without the link)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Cycle note or label sealed with a key this server does not hold (day or symptom kept without it)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "This account already holds records. A restore replaces records instead of adding to them, so choose an account without records or create a new one.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "This account is a managed profile. The people who look after it run it, so a copy cannot go into it.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "This account is pending deletion. Undo the deletion first, or choose another account.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "This is an admin account. Another person's records cannot go into it. Choose an ordinary account or create a new one.",
           "failureNotFound": "This account no longer exists.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Type the account's username exactly to confirm.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "This username is already taken.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Lab values",
       "otherPanel": "Other",
+      "full": "Up to {max} lab values at once. Remove one to add another.",
       "above": "above range",
       "below": "below range",
       "reference": "reference {range}",
diff --git a/messages/es.json b/messages/es.json
index 69768f6be..494161998 100644
--- a/messages/es.json
+++ b/messages/es.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "La restauración se detuvo por un error inesperado y se deshizo. El registro del servidor indica el error.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "La copia necesita la clave de cifrado {keys}, con la que este servidor no puede abrirla. Vuelve a añadir la clave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS, reinicia e inicia de nuevo la restauración.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "El archivo apunta a registros que pertenecen a otra cuenta. No se escribió nada.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "Los registros de este archivo ya están en otra cuenta de este servidor: el mismo archivo ya se restauró allí. Un archivo solo puede restaurarse en una cuenta. No se escribió nada.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Esta copia no se puede restaurar en este servidor: necesita la clave de cifrado {keys}. Vuelve a añadir la clave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS y reinicia primero.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrada de síntoma vinculada a una enfermedad que el archivo no contiene (se conserva sin el vínculo)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Nota o etiqueta del ciclo cifrada con una clave que este servidor no tiene (el día o el síntoma se conserva sin ella)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Esta cuenta ya tiene registros. Una restauración reemplaza los registros en lugar de añadirlos, así que elige una cuenta sin registros o crea una nueva.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Esta cuenta es un perfil gestionado. La llevan las personas responsables, así que una copia no puede ir a ella.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Esta cuenta está pendiente de eliminación. Deshaz primero la eliminación o elige otra cuenta.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Esta es una cuenta de administrador. Los registros de otra persona no pueden ir en ella, así que elige una cuenta normal o crea una nueva.",
           "failureNotFound": "Esta cuenta ya no existe.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Escribe exactamente el nombre de usuario de la cuenta para confirmar.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Este nombre de usuario ya está en uso.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Valores de laboratorio",
       "otherPanel": "Otros",
+      "full": "Hasta {max} valores de laboratorio a la vez. Quita uno para añadir otro.",
       "above": "por encima del intervalo",
       "below": "por debajo del intervalo",
       "reference": "referencia {range}",
diff --git a/messages/fr.json b/messages/fr.json
index e383d3264..3cf6c27ec 100644
--- a/messages/fr.json
+++ b/messages/fr.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "La restauration s'est arrêtée sur une erreur inattendue et a été annulée. Le journal du serveur indique l'erreur.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "La sauvegarde a besoin de la clé de chiffrement {keys}, avec laquelle ce serveur ne peut pas l'ouvrir. Remettez la clé dans ENCRYPTION_KEYS, redémarrez, puis relancez la restauration.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Le fichier renvoie à des éléments qui appartiennent à un autre compte. Rien n'a été écrit.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "Les enregistrements de ce fichier se trouvent déjà dans un autre compte de ce serveur : le même fichier y a déjà été restauré. Un fichier ne peut être restauré que dans un seul compte. Rien n’a été écrit.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Cette sauvegarde ne peut pas être restaurée sur ce serveur : elle a besoin de la clé de chiffrement {keys}. Remettez d'abord la clé dans ENCRYPTION_KEYS et redémarrez.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrée de symptôme liée à une maladie absente du fichier (conservée sans le lien)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Note ou libellé du cycle chiffré avec une clé que ce serveur ne possède pas (jour ou symptôme conservé sans)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Ce compte contient déjà des enregistrements. Une restauration remplace les enregistrements au lieu de les compléter : choisissez un compte sans enregistrements ou créez-en un nouveau.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Ce compte est un profil géré. Les personnes responsables le gèrent, une copie ne peut donc pas y aller.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Ce compte est en cours de suppression. Annulez d'abord la suppression ou choisissez un autre compte.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Il s’agit d’un compte administrateur. Les enregistrements d’une autre personne ne peuvent pas y être placés : choisissez un compte ordinaire ou créez-en un nouveau.",
           "failureNotFound": "Ce compte n'existe plus.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Tapez exactement le nom d'utilisateur du compte pour confirmer.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Ce nom d'utilisateur est déjà pris.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Valeurs de laboratoire",
       "otherPanel": "Autres",
+      "full": "Jusqu’à {max} valeurs de laboratoire à la fois. Retirez-en une pour en ajouter une autre.",
       "above": "au-dessus de l’intervalle",
       "below": "en dessous de l’intervalle",
       "reference": "référence {range}",
diff --git a/messages/it.json b/messages/it.json
index 91d8ce687..f72bbde59 100644
--- a/messages/it.json
+++ b/messages/it.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "Il ripristino si è fermato per un errore imprevisto ed è stato annullato. Il log del server indica l'errore.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Il backup richiede la chiave di cifratura {keys}, con cui questo server non riesce ad aprirlo. Aggiungi di nuovo la chiave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS, riavvia e avvia di nuovo il ripristino.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Il file rimanda a voci che appartengono a un altro account. Non è stato scritto nulla.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "I record di questo file sono già in un altro account di questo server: lo stesso file è già stato ripristinato lì. Un file può essere ripristinato in un solo account. Non è stato scritto nulla.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Questo backup non può essere ripristinato su questo server: richiede la chiave di cifratura {keys}. Aggiungi prima di nuovo la chiave a ENCRYPTION_KEYS e riavvia.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Voce di sintomo collegata a una malattia assente dal file (mantenuta senza collegamento)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Nota o etichetta del ciclo cifrata con una chiave che questo server non possiede (giorno o sintomo mantenuto senza)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Questo account ha già dei record. Un ripristino sostituisce i record invece di aggiungerli, quindi scegli un account senza record o creane uno nuovo.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Questo account è un profilo gestito. Lo gestiscono le persone responsabili, quindi una copia non può andarci.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Questo account è in attesa di eliminazione. Annulla prima l’eliminazione o scegli un altro account.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Questo è un account amministratore. I record di un’altra persona non possono andarci, quindi scegli un account normale o creane uno nuovo.",
           "failureNotFound": "Questo account non esiste più.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Digita esattamente il nome utente dell’account per confermare.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Questo nome utente è già in uso.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Valori di laboratorio",
       "otherPanel": "Altri",
+      "full": "Fino a {max} valori di laboratorio alla volta. Rimuovine uno per aggiungerne un altro.",
       "above": "sopra l’intervallo",
       "below": "sotto l’intervallo",
       "reference": "riferimento {range}",
diff --git a/messages/ko.json b/messages/ko.json
index ea29acfee..fa858cc6a 100644
--- a/messages/ko.json
+++ b/messages/ko.json
@@ -8320,6 +8320,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "예상하지 못한 오류로 복원이 멈췄고 되돌려졌어요. 서버 로그에 오류가 나와 있어요.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "이 백업에는 암호화 키 {keys}가 필요하지만 이 서버는 그 키로 백업을 열 수 없습니다. 키를 ENCRYPTION_KEYS에 다시 추가하고 재시작한 뒤 복원을 다시 시작하세요.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "파일이 다른 계정에 속한 기록을 가리키고 있습니다. 아무것도 기록되지 않았습니다.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "이 파일의 기록은 이미 이 서버의 다른 계정에 있습니다. 같은 파일이 그 계정에 먼저 복원되었습니다. 파일은 한 계정에만 복원할 수 있습니다. 아무것도 기록되지 않았습니다.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "이 서버에서는 이 백업을 복원할 수 없습니다. 암호화 키 {keys}가 필요합니다. 먼저 키를 ENCRYPTION_KEYS에 다시 추가하고 재시작하세요.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "파일에 없는 질병과 연결된 증상 기록(연결 없이 유지됨)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "이 서버에 없는 키로 암호화된 주기 메모 또는 이름(해당 날짜나 증상은 그 내용 없이 유지됨)",
@@ -8372,6 +8373,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "이 계정에는 이미 기록이 있어요. 복원은 기록을 더하지 않고 바꿔 쓰기 때문에 기록이 없는 계정을 고르거나 새 계정을 만들어 주세요.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "이 계정은 관리 프로필이에요. 보호자들이 운영하는 프로필이라 사본을 넣을 수 없어요.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "이 계정은 삭제 대기 중이에요. 먼저 삭제를 취소하거나 다른 계정을 골라 주세요.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "관리자 계정이에요. 다른 사람의 기록은 이 계정에 넣을 수 없으니 일반 계정을 고르거나 새 계정을 만들어 주세요.",
           "failureNotFound": "이 계정은 더 이상 없어요.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "확인하려면 계정의 사용자 이름을 정확히 입력해 주세요.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "이미 사용 중인 사용자 이름이에요.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "검사 수치",
       "otherPanel": "기타",
+      "full": "검사 수치는 한 번에 최대 {max}개까지 표시할 수 있습니다. 다른 수치를 추가하려면 하나를 제거하세요.",
       "above": "범위 초과",
       "below": "범위 미만",
       "reference": "참고 범위 {range}",
diff --git a/messages/nl.json b/messages/nl.json
index 00b4e2b9e..0d7a0de24 100644
--- a/messages/nl.json
+++ b/messages/nl.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "Het terugzetten stopte door een onverwachte fout en is teruggedraaid. In het serverlog staat de fout.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "De back-up heeft versleutelingssleutel {keys} nodig, waarmee deze server hem niet kan openen. Voeg de sleutel weer toe aan ENCRYPTION_KEYS, herstart en start het terugzetten opnieuw.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Het bestand verwijst naar records die bij een ander account horen. Er is niets geschreven.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "De records in dit bestand staan al in een ander account op deze server: hetzelfde bestand is daar al teruggezet. Een bestand kan maar in één account worden teruggezet. Er is niets geschreven.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Deze back-up kan niet op deze server worden teruggezet: er is versleutelingssleutel {keys} voor nodig. Voeg de sleutel eerst weer toe aan ENCRYPTION_KEYS en herstart.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Symptoomregistratie gekoppeld aan een ziekte die niet in het bestand staat (behouden zonder de koppeling)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Cyclusnotitie of -label versleuteld met een sleutel die deze server niet heeft (dag of symptoom behouden zonder)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Dit account heeft al records. Terugzetten vervangt records in plaats van ze aan te vullen, dus kies een account zonder records of maak een nieuw account aan.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Dit account is een beheerd profiel. De verzorgers beheren het, dus er kan geen kopie in.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Dit account wordt verwijderd. Maak de verwijdering eerst ongedaan of kies een ander account.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Dit is een beheerdersaccount. De records van iemand anders kunnen er niet in, dus kies een gewoon account of maak een nieuw account aan.",
           "failureNotFound": "Dit account bestaat niet meer.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Typ de gebruikersnaam van het account precies over om te bevestigen.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Deze gebruikersnaam is al in gebruik.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Labwaarden",
       "otherPanel": "Overig",
+      "full": "Maximaal {max} labwaarden tegelijk. Verwijder er een om een andere toe te voegen.",
       "above": "boven het bereik",
       "below": "onder het bereik",
       "reference": "referentie {range}",
diff --git a/messages/pl.json b/messages/pl.json
index 3246df662..03b936c1b 100644
--- a/messages/pl.json
+++ b/messages/pl.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "Przywracanie zatrzymało się na nieoczekiwanym błędzie i zostało wycofane. Dziennik serwera podaje błąd.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "Kopia wymaga klucza szyfrowania {keys}, którym ten serwer nie może jej otworzyć. Dodaj klucz z powrotem do ENCRYPTION_KEYS, uruchom ponownie i rozpocznij przywracanie jeszcze raz.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "Plik wskazuje na wpisy należące do innego konta. Nic nie zostało zapisane.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "Rekordy z tego pliku są już na innym koncie na tym serwerze: ten sam plik został tam wcześniej przywrócony. Plik można przywrócić tylko na jedno konto. Nic nie zostało zapisane.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Tej kopii nie da się przywrócić na tym serwerze: wymaga klucza szyfrowania {keys}. Najpierw dodaj klucz z powrotem do ENCRYPTION_KEYS i uruchom ponownie.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Wpis objawu powiązany z chorobą, której nie ma w pliku (zachowany bez powiązania)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Notatka lub etykieta cyklu zaszyfrowana kluczem, którego ten serwer nie ma (dzień lub objaw zachowany bez niej)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "To konto ma już rekordy. Przywracanie zastępuje rekordy zamiast je uzupełniać, więc wybierz konto bez rekordów albo utwórz nowe.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "To konto jest profilem zarządzanym. Prowadzą je osoby opiekujące się nim, więc kopia nie może do niego trafić.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "To konto czeka na usunięcie. Najpierw cofnij usunięcie albo wybierz inne konto.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "To jest konto administratora. Nie można w nim umieścić rekordów innej osoby, więc wybierz zwykłe konto albo utwórz nowe.",
           "failureNotFound": "To konto już nie istnieje.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Wpisz dokładnie nazwę użytkownika konta, aby potwierdzić.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Ta nazwa użytkownika jest już zajęta.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Wyniki badań",
       "otherPanel": "Inne",
+      "full": "Naraz można pokazać do {max} wyników badań. Usuń jeden, aby dodać inny.",
       "above": "powyżej zakresu",
       "below": "poniżej zakresu",
       "reference": "zakres {range}",
diff --git a/messages/pt-BR.json b/messages/pt-BR.json
index 27f894ae0..d3a4ecb84 100644
--- a/messages/pt-BR.json
+++ b/messages/pt-BR.json
@@ -8345,6 +8345,7 @@
         "restoreFailureUnexpected": "A restauração parou em um erro inesperado e foi revertida. O log do servidor nomeia o erro.",
         "restoreFailureKeyMissing": "O backup precisa da chave de criptografia {keys}, que este servidor não consegue usar para abri-lo. Adicione a chave de volta a ENCRYPTION_KEYS, reinicie e inicie a restauração novamente.",
         "restoreFailureForeignReference": "O arquivo aponta para registros que pertencem a outra conta. Nada foi gravado.",
+        "restoreFailureRowsElsewhere": "Os registros deste arquivo já estão em outra conta deste servidor: o mesmo arquivo já foi restaurado nela. Um arquivo só pode ser restaurado em uma conta. Nada foi gravado.",
         "previewKeyMissing": "Este backup não pode ser restaurado neste servidor: ele precisa da chave de criptografia {keys}. Adicione a chave de volta a ENCRYPTION_KEYS e reinicie primeiro.",
         "restoreSkippedSymptomEpisodeReference": "Entrada de sintoma vinculada a uma doença que o arquivo não contém (mantida sem o link)",
         "restoreSkippedCycleCiphertext": "Nota ou rótulo do ciclo selado com uma chave que este servidor não possui (dia ou sintoma mantido sem ele)",
@@ -8397,6 +8398,7 @@
           "failureHoldsRecords": "Esta conta já tem registros. Uma restauração substitui os registros em vez de somá-los, então escolha uma conta sem registros ou crie uma nova.",
           "failureManagedProfile": "Esta conta é um perfil gerenciado. Os guardiões cuidam dela, então uma cópia não pode ir para ela.",
           "failurePendingDeletion": "Esta conta está aguardando exclusão. Desfaça a exclusão primeiro ou escolha outra conta.",
+          "failureAdminAccount": "Esta é uma conta de administrador. Os registros de outra pessoa não podem ir para ela, então escolha uma conta comum ou crie uma nova.",
           "failureNotFound": "Esta conta não existe mais.",
           "failureUnconfirmed": "Digite exatamente o nome de usuário da conta para confirmar.",
           "failureUsernameTaken": "Este nome de usuário já está em uso.",
@@ -13733,6 +13735,7 @@
     "labs": {
       "menuTitle": "Valores de exames",
       "otherPanel": "Outros",
+      "full": "Até {max} valores de exames ao mesmo tempo. Remova um para adicionar outro.",
       "above": "acima da faixa",
       "below": "abaixo da faixa",
       "reference": "referência {range}",
diff --git a/src/__tests__/baselines/source-function-lines.json b/src/__tests__/baselines/source-function-lines.json
index 1cf1294f5..a9e9c0346 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/baselines/source-function-lines.json
+++ b/src/__tests__/baselines/source-function-lines.json
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
   "$comment": "Production functions over 200 lines, keyed \"file :: name\", and their length. Maintained by src/__tests__/source-size-ratchet.test.ts.",
   "count": 345,
-  "total": 111940,
+  "total": 111929,
   "entries": {
     "app/achievements/page.tsx :: AchievementsPage": 206,
-    "app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts :: apiHandler(arg)": 286,
+    "app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts :: apiHandler(arg)": 275,
     "app/api/admin/notifications/reminder-check/route.ts :: apiHandler(arg)": 206,
     "app/api/admin/settings/route.ts :: apiHandler(arg) #2": 211,
     "app/api/auth/login/route.ts :: apiHandler(arg)": 262,
diff --git a/src/app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts b/src/app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts
index 05699f100..386062a8d 100644
--- a/src/app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/backups/upload/route.ts
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
  *   3. Parses and validates the JSON against the canonical schema.
  *   4. Rejects files written by a future schema version (incompatible).
  *   5. Encrypts the file as it arrives and inserts a new `DataBackup` row
- *      of type `MANUAL_UPLOAD_<unix-ms>` so multiple uploads coexist with
- *      the rolling `WEEKLY_AUTO` snapshot AND with each other.
+ *      of type `MANUAL_UPLOAD_<unix-ms>` (`RETARGETED_UPLOAD_<unix-ms>` for
+ *      a copy put into a chosen account, `backup-upload-type.ts`) so
+ *      multiple uploads coexist with the rolling `WEEKLY_AUTO` snapshot AND
+ *      with each other.
  *
  * The file is read as a stream and never held whole (#1031): an export of an
  * account with 1.25 million measurements is a few hundred megabytes of JSON,
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ import {
   type RestoreTargetVerdict,
 } from "@/lib/export/restore-target";
 import { storeBackupBlob } from "@/lib/export/store-backup-blob";
+import { uploadedBackupType } from "@/lib/export/backup-upload-type";
 import {
   readStreamedBackup,
   StreamedBackupInvalidError,
@@ -292,17 +295,42 @@ async function checkTargetBeforeRead(
   return null;
 }
 
+/** Who made an account for a copy, for the trail. */
+interface UploadActor {
+  adminId: string;
+  ipAddress: string | null;
+}
+
 /**
  * The account made for a copy. Created before the file is read, because the
  * file is rewritten to its id on the way in, and deleted again when nothing
  * is stored. No password, no email: nobody can sign into it until an admin
- * sets its first password (Admin, Users, Reset password).
+ * sets its first password (Admin, Users, Reset password). Its audit row
+ * commits with it, so an account this route made always has a trace, even
+ * when the upload fails and removing it again fails too.
  */
-async function createTargetAccount(username: string): Promise<ChosenTarget> {
+async function createTargetAccount(
+  username: string,
+  actor: UploadActor,
+): Promise<ChosenTarget> {
   try {
-    const account = await prisma.user.create({
-      data: { username, role: "USER" },
-      select: { id: true, username: true },
+    const account = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      const row = await tx.user.create({
+        data: { username, role: "USER" },
+        select: { id: true, username: true },
+      });
+      await auditLog("admin.user.create", {
+        userId: actor.adminId,
+        ipAddress: actor.ipAddress,
+        client: tx,
+        details: {
+          targetUserId: row.id,
+          username: row.username,
+          reason: "backup_restore",
+          outcome: "created",
+        },
+      });
+      return row;
     });
     return { ...account, created: true };
   } catch (err) {
@@ -352,13 +380,20 @@ async function ownerOfRetargetedFile(
 /**
  * Delete the account an upload created for its copy, when nothing was stored.
  * It holds nothing and nobody can have signed into it (no password, no email),
- * so the row is all there is. A failure is noted, never thrown over the
+ * so the row is all there is. Either way the trail says what became of it: a
+ * removal that failed leaves an account to delete by hand
+ * (`docs/ops/backup-restore.md`). A failure is noted, never thrown over the
  * refusal the operator needs to see.
  */
-async function discardCreatedAccount(userId: string): Promise<void> {
+async function discardCreatedAccount(
+  account: ChosenTarget,
+  actor: UploadActor,
+): Promise<void> {
+  let outcome: "deleted" | "failed" = "deleted";
   try {
-    await prisma.user.delete({ where: { id: userId } });
+    await prisma.user.delete({ where: { id: account.id } });
   } catch (err) {
+    outcome = "failed";
     annotate({
       meta: {
         backup_upload_account_discard_failed: true,
@@ -367,6 +402,20 @@ async function discardCreatedAccount(userId: string): Promise<void> {
       },
     });
   }
+  try {
+    await auditLog("admin.user.delete", {
+      userId: actor.adminId,
+      ipAddress: actor.ipAddress,
+      details: {
+        targetUserId: account.id,
+        username: account.username,
+        reason: "backup_upload_refused",
+        outcome,
+      },
+    });
+  } catch {
+    annotate({ meta: { backup_upload_account_discard_unaudited: true } });
+  }
 }
 
 export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
@@ -376,6 +425,7 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   await assertRecentCookieProof(admin, session.id);
   annotate({ action: { name: "admin.backups.upload" } });
   const ipAddress = getClientIp(request);
+  const actor: UploadActor = { adminId: admin.id, ipAddress };
 
   // Rate-limit identical to the manual-run endpoint. Three is plenty for a
   // deliberate restore-prep workflow.
@@ -476,10 +526,10 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     );
   }
 
-  // `MANUAL_UPLOAD_<unix-ms>` keeps the (userId, type) unique-constraint
-  // intact so multiple uploads can coexist for the same user without
-  // overwriting each other or the rolling WEEKLY_AUTO snapshot.
-  const uploadType = `MANUAL_UPLOAD_${Date.now()}`;
+  // The millisecond suffix keeps uploads and WEEKLY_AUTO apart under the
+  // (userId, type) unique constraint; a copy put into a chosen account is
+  // marked as such, for its restore (`backup-upload-type.ts`).
+  const uploadType = uploadedBackupType(Boolean(choice), Date.now());
   let payload: BackupPayload | undefined;
   let measurementCount = 0;
   let owner: { id: string; username: string } | null = null;
@@ -491,7 +541,7 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   let rewrite: BackupOwnerRewrite | null = null;
   if (choice?.into === "new") {
     try {
-      target = await createTargetAccount(choice.username);
+      target = await createTargetAccount(choice.username, actor);
     } catch (err) {
       if (err instanceof UploadRefused) return refuse(err);
       throw err;
@@ -580,7 +630,7 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     );
   } catch (err) {
     // Nothing was stored, so the account made for the copy goes again.
-    if (chosen?.created) await discardCreatedAccount(chosen.id);
+    if (chosen?.created) await discardCreatedAccount(chosen, actor);
     if (err instanceof UploadRefused) return refuse(err);
     // The file was fine; its encrypted copy is larger than the stored-copy
     // limit (`BACKUP_MAX_STORED_MB`). That is the operator's to act on, with
@@ -606,18 +656,6 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   };
   const storedOwner = owner as { id: string; username: string } | null;
 
-  if (chosen?.created) {
-    await auditLog("admin.user.create", {
-      userId: admin.id,
-      ipAddress,
-      details: {
-        targetUserId: chosen.id,
-        username: chosen.username,
-        reason: "backup_restore",
-        backupId: created.id,
-      },
-    });
-  }
   await auditLog("admin.backups.upload", {
     userId: admin.id,
     ipAddress,
diff --git a/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/device-poll/route.ts b/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/device-poll/route.ts
index 62d9df175..18d7b70d3 100644
--- a/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/device-poll/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/device-poll/route.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ import { getClientIp, apiSuccess, apiError } from "@/lib/api-response";
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { forgetProviderHealth } from "@/lib/ai/provider-health-ledger";
 import { clearStatusNegativeWindows } from "@/lib/insights/status-negative-window";
+import {
+  codexCredentialKey,
+  startCodexSignIn,
+} from "@/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache";
 
 /**
  * Operator-shared central Codex — device-code poll (admin only).
@@ -93,6 +97,12 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   });
 
   cookieStore.delete("central_codex_device");
+  // What this process learned about the old sign-in's models no longer
+  // describes a different account (`codex-slug-cache.ts`).
+  startCodexSignIn({
+    key: codexCredentialKey.central,
+    accountId: result.creds.accountId,
+  });
   // A new central sign-in: every account's ledger rows describe the refused
   // one, and the central connection is one credential shared by all of them.
   // #1279 — and every record's note windows close, as on the admin AI
diff --git a/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/route.ts b/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/route.ts
index fc766d0c2..eb5c25a7a 100644
--- a/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/admin/central-codex/route.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ import { auditLog } from "@/lib/auth/audit";
 import { apiSuccess, getClientIp } from "@/lib/api-response";
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { checkRateLimit } from "@/lib/rate-limit";
+import {
+  codexCredentialKey,
+  forgetCodexSignIn,
+} from "@/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache";
 
 /**
  * Operator-shared central Codex (ChatGPT subscription) — status + disconnect.
@@ -55,6 +59,8 @@ export const DELETE = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     create: { id: "singleton", adminCodexConnectionStatus: "disconnected" },
   });
 
+  forgetCodexSignIn(codexCredentialKey.central);
+
   await auditLog("admin.central-codex.disconnected", {
     userId: user.id,
     ipAddress: getClientIp(request),
diff --git a/src/app/api/auth/codex/device-poll/route.ts b/src/app/api/auth/codex/device-poll/route.ts
index e4fb52758..9c3a34ac9 100644
--- a/src/app/api/auth/codex/device-poll/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/auth/codex/device-poll/route.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { INSIGHTS_CACHE_CLEARED } from "@/lib/insights/cached-text-cipher";
 import { forgetProviderHealth } from "@/lib/ai/provider-health-ledger";
 import { clearStatusNegativeWindows } from "@/lib/insights/status-negative-window";
+import {
+  codexCredentialKey,
+  startCodexSignIn,
+} from "@/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache";
 
 /**
  * v1.4.7.1: Device-code flow polling endpoint.
@@ -90,6 +94,12 @@ export const POST = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   });
 
   cookieStore.delete("codex_device");
+  // What this process learned about the old sign-in's models no longer
+  // describes a different account (`codex-slug-cache.ts`).
+  startCodexSignIn({
+    key: codexCredentialKey.user(user.id),
+    accountId: result.creds.accountId,
+  });
   // A new sign-in: whatever the ledger held against the old one no longer
   // describes this credential, and (#1279) the person's notes stop waiting
   // out windows it earned, as on a save of their provider settings.
diff --git a/src/app/api/auth/codex/disconnect/route.ts b/src/app/api/auth/codex/disconnect/route.ts
index 4302d4a5f..1fcb786ea 100644
--- a/src/app/api/auth/codex/disconnect/route.ts
+++ b/src/app/api/auth/codex/disconnect/route.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ import { auditLog } from "@/lib/auth/audit";
 import { apiSuccess, getClientIp } from "@/lib/api-response";
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import { INSIGHTS_CACHE_CLEARED } from "@/lib/insights/cached-text-cipher";
+import {
+  codexCredentialKey,
+  forgetCodexSignIn,
+} from "@/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache";
 
 export const DELETE = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
   const { user } = await requireAuth();
@@ -27,6 +31,8 @@ export const DELETE = apiHandler(async (request: NextRequest) => {
     },
   });
 
+  forgetCodexSignIn(codexCredentialKey.user(user.id));
+
   await auditLog("codex.oauth.disconnected", {
     userId: user.id,
     ipAddress: getClientIp(request),
diff --git a/src/components/admin/backup-restore-status.tsx b/src/components/admin/backup-restore-status.tsx
index 359c26351..7562b7ef0 100644
--- a/src/components/admin/backup-restore-status.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/backup-restore-status.tsx
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ function failureText(
       });
     case "backup.foreign_reference":
       return t("admin.section.backups.restoreFailureForeignReference");
+    case "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere":
+      return t("admin.section.backups.restoreFailureRowsElsewhere");
     case "time_budget":
       return t("admin.section.backups.restoreFailureTimeBudget");
     case "transaction_failed":
diff --git a/src/components/admin/backups/__tests__/backup-target-dialog.test.tsx b/src/components/admin/backups/__tests__/backup-target-dialog.test.tsx
index 9b81e524b..b880a3b21 100644
--- a/src/components/admin/backups/__tests__/backup-target-dialog.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/backups/__tests__/backup-target-dialog.test.tsx
@@ -80,10 +80,9 @@ function render(
 }
 
 describe("pickableAccounts", () => {
-  it("offers neither managed profiles nor accounts pending deletion", () => {
+  it("offers neither managed profiles, accounts pending deletion nor admin accounts", () => {
     expect(pickableAccounts(USERS).map((u) => u.username)).toEqual([
       "returning-person",
-      "operator",
     ]);
   });
 });
@@ -152,6 +151,9 @@ describe("targetUploadFailureKey", () => {
     expect(key("backup.target.pending_deletion")).toBe(
       "admin.section.backups.target.failurePendingDeletion",
     );
+    expect(key("backup.target.admin_account")).toBe(
+      "admin.section.backups.target.failureAdminAccount",
+    );
     expect(key("backup.target.not_found")).toBe(
       "admin.section.backups.target.failureNotFound",
     );
@@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ describe("<BackupTargetForm>", () => {
       { data: ELIGIBLE, loading: false, error: null },
     );
     expect(html).toContain("returning-person (r@example.test)");
-    expect(html).toContain(">operator<");
+    expect(html).not.toContain(">operator<");
     expect(html).not.toContain("managed-cafe01");
     expect(html).not.toContain(">leaving<");
     expect(html).toContain('data-slot="backup-target-eligible"');
diff --git a/src/components/admin/backups/backup-target-dialog.tsx b/src/components/admin/backups/backup-target-dialog.tsx
index 2e5e52584..9f0de735a 100644
--- a/src/components/admin/backups/backup-target-dialog.tsx
+++ b/src/components/admin/backups/backup-target-dialog.tsx
@@ -49,11 +49,15 @@ export interface BackupTargetCheck {
 
 /**
  * The accounts the picker offers: not a managed profile (its Guardians run
- * it) and not pending deletion. Whether one holds records is the server's to
+ * it), not pending deletion and not an admin account (the server refuses all
+ * three, `restore-target.ts`). Whether one holds records is the server's to
  * say, per account, once it is picked.
  */
 export function pickableAccounts(users: readonly AdminUser[]): AdminUser[] {
-  return users.filter((user) => !user.managedProfile && user.deletion === null);
+  return users.filter(
+    (user) =>
+      !user.managedProfile && user.deletion === null && user.role !== "ADMIN",
+  );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -87,6 +91,8 @@ export function targetFailureKey(code: string): string {
       return "admin.section.backups.target.failureManagedProfile";
     case "backup.target.pending_deletion":
       return "admin.section.backups.target.failurePendingDeletion";
+    case "backup.target.admin_account":
+      return "admin.section.backups.target.failureAdminAccount";
     case "backup.target.not_found":
       return "admin.section.backups.target.failureNotFound";
     case "backup.target.unconfirmed":
diff --git a/src/components/timeline/__tests__/timeline-labs.browser.test.tsx b/src/components/timeline/__tests__/timeline-labs.browser.test.tsx
index 1be1f5a7f..25e2cf1b4 100644
--- a/src/components/timeline/__tests__/timeline-labs.browser.test.tsx
+++ b/src/components/timeline/__tests__/timeline-labs.browser.test.tsx
@@ -232,6 +232,54 @@ describe("lab lines on the timeline page", () => {
     await expect.poll(() => lastTimelineValues(net)).toEqual(["WEIGHT"]);
   });
 
+  it("keeps a chosen marker that was hidden since, until it is unticked", async () => {
+    await page.viewport(1280, 900);
+    window.localStorage.setItem(
+      VALUES_KEY,
+      JSON.stringify(["lab:bm-ferritin"]),
+    );
+    setSearch("?zoom=all");
+    // Hidden: the server no longer offers it, and still draws the chosen line.
+    const net = stubFetch()
+      .on("GET", "/api/timeline", (request) => {
+        const body = timeline(valuesOf(request.path));
+        return {
+          data: {
+            ...body,
+            availableLabs: body.availableLabs.filter(
+              (m) => m.key !== "lab:bm-ferritin",
+            ),
+          },
+        };
+      })
+      .on("GET", "/api/timeline/readiness", {
+        data: { verdict: "carries", since: "2024-01-01", lanes: [] },
+      })
+      .on("GET", "/api/life-events", { data: { events: [] } });
+    const { screen } = await renderWithApp(<TimelineView />, {
+      user: {
+        timezone: "Europe/Berlin",
+        modules: { timeline: true, labs: true },
+      },
+    });
+    await screen.getByRole("button", { name: /Values \(1\)/ }).click();
+    const ferritin = screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: "Ferritin" });
+    await expect.element(ferritin).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "true");
+
+    await ferritin.click();
+    await expect.poll(() => lastTimelineValues(net)).toEqual([]);
+    // Unticked, it is offered no more.
+    await expect
+      .poll(
+        () =>
+          document.querySelectorAll(
+            '[data-slot="timeline-values-option"][data-key="lab:bm-ferritin"]',
+          ).length,
+      )
+      .toBe(0);
+    expect(JSON.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(VALUES_KEY)!)).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
   it("neither offers nor asks for a marker with the labs module off", async () => {
     await page.viewport(1280, 900);
     const { net, screen } = await mount(["WEIGHT", "lab:bm-ferritin"], {
@@ -295,3 +343,69 @@ describe("lab lines on the timeline page", () => {
     expect(mobile.scrollWidth).toBeLessThanOrEqual(mobile.clientWidth);
   });
 });
+
+describe("the lab-marker cap on the timeline page", () => {
+  const id = (i: number) => `m${String(i).padStart(2, "0")}`;
+  const marker = (i: number) => ({
+    key: `lab:${id(i)}`,
+    biomarkerId: id(i),
+    name: `Marker ${String(i).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+    panel: null,
+    unit: "U/L",
+  });
+
+  /** A record with 26 markers, a stored choice naming 30 (four deleted). */
+  async function mountMany() {
+    const stored = Array.from({ length: 30 }, (_, i) => `lab:${id(i)}`);
+    window.localStorage.setItem(VALUES_KEY, JSON.stringify(stored));
+    setSearch("?zoom=all");
+    const net = stubFetch()
+      .on("GET", "/api/timeline", () => ({
+        data: {
+          ...timeline([]),
+          availableLabs: Array.from({ length: 26 }, (_, i) => marker(i)),
+        },
+      }))
+      .on("GET", "/api/timeline/readiness", {
+        data: { verdict: "carries", since: "2024-01-01", lanes: [] },
+      })
+      .on("GET", "/api/life-events", { data: { events: [] } });
+    const { screen } = await renderWithApp(<TimelineView />, {
+      user: {
+        timezone: "Europe/Berlin",
+        modules: { timeline: true, labs: true },
+      },
+    });
+    return { net, screen };
+  }
+
+  it("asks for no more markers than the server takes, and holds further ones back until one is removed", async () => {
+    await page.viewport(1280, 900);
+    const { net, screen } = await mountMany();
+    const first24 = Array.from({ length: 24 }, (_, i) => `lab:${id(i)}`);
+    await expect.poll(() => lastTimelineValues(net)).toEqual(first24);
+
+    await screen.getByRole("button", { name: /Values \(24\)/ }).click();
+    const extra = screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: "Marker 24" });
+    await expect.element(extra).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "false");
+    await expect.element(extra).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    await expect
+      .element(
+        screen.getByText("Up to 24 lab values at once", { exact: false }),
+      )
+      .toBeVisible();
+    // A chosen marker can always be removed.
+    const chosen = screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: "Marker 00" });
+    expect(chosen.element().getAttribute("aria-disabled")).not.toBe("true");
+
+    await chosen.click();
+    await expect.element(chosen).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "false");
+    expect(JSON.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(VALUES_KEY)!)).toEqual(
+      first24.slice(1),
+    );
+    await expect.element(extra).not.toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    expect(
+      document.querySelector('[data-slot="timeline-values-labs-full"]'),
+    ).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/timeline/timeline-menus.tsx b/src/components/timeline/timeline-menus.tsx
index a20abefac..62faa0dfe 100644
--- a/src/components/timeline/timeline-menus.tsx
+++ b/src/components/timeline/timeline-menus.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
  * not listed again beside it: each one is a named row under the lanes, and
  * the menu marks it with its colour. Below the measurements it offers the
  * lab markers the record has values for (#1299), under the groups the labs
- * list sorts them into; a lab line is chosen and stored like any other.
+ * list sorts them into; a lab line is chosen and stored like any other, up
+ * to `TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX` at once: past it the unchosen markers are
+ * held back with a line that says why, and a chosen one can always go.
  */
 import { ChartLine, ChevronDown, Layers } from "lucide-react";
 
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ import {
   DropdownMenuTrigger,
 } from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu";
 import {
+  TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX,
   timelineLabMarkerId,
   type TimelineLaneKey,
   type TimelineResponse,
@@ -61,12 +64,16 @@ export function ValueSeriesMenu({
   iconOnly?: boolean;
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslations();
+  const labsFull =
+    selected.filter((key) => timelineLabMarkerId(key) !== null).length >=
+    TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX;
   const option = (key: string) => {
     const checked = selected.includes(key);
     return (
       <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
         key={key}
         checked={checked}
+        disabled={labsFull && !checked && timelineLabMarkerId(key) !== null}
         data-slot="timeline-values-option"
         data-key={key}
         onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
@@ -121,6 +128,14 @@ export function ValueSeriesMenu({
             <DropdownMenuLabel data-slot="timeline-values-labs">
               {t("timeline.labs.menuTitle")}
             </DropdownMenuLabel>
+            {labsFull && (
+              <p
+                data-slot="timeline-values-labs-full"
+                className="text-muted-foreground px-2 pb-1 text-xs"
+              >
+                {t("timeline.labs.full", { max: TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX })}
+              </p>
+            )}
             {labGroups.map((group) => (
               <DropdownMenuGroup
                 key={group.panel ?? ""}
diff --git a/src/components/timeline/timeline-view.tsx b/src/components/timeline/timeline-view.tsx
index 229f4da63..6c97c55f6 100644
--- a/src/components/timeline/timeline-view.tsx
+++ b/src/components/timeline/timeline-view.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/skeleton";
 import { useAuth } from "@/hooks/use-auth";
 import { useRecordCapabilities } from "@/hooks/use-record-capabilities";
 import {
+  capTimelineLabKeys,
   DAY_QUERY_PARAM,
   TIMELINE_ZOOMS,
   timelineLabMarkerId,
@@ -184,8 +185,10 @@ function useValueLines(
     },
     [modules],
   );
+  // Lab markers past the cap are not asked for (the server would leave
+  // them out); the menu holds further ones back.
   const values = useMemo(
-    () => storedValues.filter(allowed),
+    () => capTimelineLabKeys(storedValues.filter(allowed)),
     [storedValues, allowed],
   );
   // One colour per chosen line, shared by the chart, the selection bar, the
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-live-models.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-live-models.test.ts
index 9e310c50a..8f30a8de2 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-live-models.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-live-models.test.ts
@@ -245,13 +245,21 @@ describe("Codex keeps the working model per sign-in", () => {
     await ask(a);
     await ask(b);
 
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("a"))).toBe(
-      "gpt-5.6-terra",
-    );
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("b"))).toBe(
-      "gpt-6.1-sol",
-    );
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.central)).toBe("gpt-6.1-sol");
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("a"),
+        accountId: "pro",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("b"),
+        accountId: "edu",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-6.1-sol");
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({ key: codexCredentialKey.central, accountId: "edu" }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-6.1-sol");
     // Not one refused request: each sign-in only ever asked what it is offered.
     expect(log.filter((l) => l.includes("responses"))).toEqual([
       "pro responses:gpt-5.6-terra",
@@ -291,6 +299,28 @@ describe("Codex keeps the working model per sign-in", () => {
     expect(log).toEqual(["stale models", "stale responses:gpt-6-sol"]);
   });
 
+  it("a credential reconnected to another account tries nothing the old account learned", async () => {
+    const log = stubBackend({
+      pro: {
+        models: planList("gpt-5.6-terra", "gpt-6-sol"),
+        accepts: ["gpt-5.6-terra", "gpt-6-sol"],
+      },
+      // Another plan: terra is neither offered nor accepted.
+      edu: { models: planList("gpt-6.1-sol"), accepts: ["gpt-6.1-sol"] },
+    });
+    const key = codexCredentialKey.user("a");
+    await ask(client(key, "pro"));
+    expect(log).toEqual(["pro models", "pro responses:gpt-5.6-terra"]);
+
+    // The same stored credential, signed in again on the other account, in
+    // a process that has not seen the connect (no write has rebound it).
+    log.length = 0;
+    const again = client(key, "edu");
+    await ask(again);
+    expect(log).toEqual(["edu models", "edu responses:gpt-6.1-sol"]);
+    expect(again.getLastDiagnostics()).toMatchObject({ cacheState: "miss" });
+  });
+
   it("the working model that stops answering is dropped and the walk goes on", async () => {
     const accepts = ["gpt-5.6-terra", "gpt-6-sol"];
     const log = stubBackend({
@@ -298,9 +328,12 @@ describe("Codex keeps the working model per sign-in", () => {
     });
     const c = client(codexCredentialKey.user("u1"), "plus");
     await ask(c);
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("u1"))).toBe(
-      "gpt-5.6-terra",
-    );
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("u1"),
+        accountId: "plus",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
 
     // terra retires between two requests.
     accepts.splice(0, 1);
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-model-catalog.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-model-catalog.test.ts
index e8893b50d..0e3c23c21 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-model-catalog.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-model-catalog.test.ts
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ describe("readCodexModelCatalog", () => {
     const second = await readCodexModelCatalog(PERSONAL, AUTH);
     expect(second.from).toBe("cache");
     expect(safeFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(cachedCodexModels(PERSONAL.key)).toHaveLength(9);
+    expect(cachedCodexModels(PERSONAL)).toHaveLength(9);
 
     vi.advanceTimersByTime(CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS + 1);
     expect((await readCodexModelCatalog(PERSONAL, AUTH)).from).toBe("live");
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ describe("readCodexModelCatalog", () => {
     const second = { key: codexCredentialKey.user("u2"), accountId: "acct-b" };
     await readCodexModelCatalog(PERSONAL, AUTH);
     await readCodexModelCatalog(second, { ...AUTH, accountId: "acct-b" });
-    expect(cachedCodexModels(PERSONAL.key)).toHaveLength(9);
-    expect(cachedCodexModels(second.key)?.map((m) => m.slug)).toEqual([
+    expect(cachedCodexModels(PERSONAL)).toHaveLength(9);
+    expect(cachedCodexModels(second)?.map((m) => m.slug)).toEqual([
       "gpt-6-astra",
       "gpt-6.1-sol",
       "gpt-6-sol",
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-sign-in-routes.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-sign-in-routes.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..928963744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-sign-in-routes.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * The routes that connect or disconnect a stored Codex credential tell the
+ * per-sign-in memory, so the vision gate, which holds no account id, stops
+ * reading what the previous sign-in learned (`codex-slug-cache.ts`). The
+ * account-checked client reads cover every other path; this file holds the
+ * four call sites.
+ */
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { readSource } from "@/__tests__/helpers/source-files";
+
+describe("Codex sign-in routes", () => {
+  it("tells the sign-in memory about every connect and disconnect", () => {
+    const routes: Array<[string, RegExp]> = [
+      [
+        "src/app/api/auth/codex/device-poll/route.ts",
+        /startCodexSignIn\(\{\s*key: codexCredentialKey\.user\(user\.id\),\s*accountId: result\.creds\.accountId/,
+      ],
+      [
+        "src/app/api/admin/central-codex/device-poll/route.ts",
+        /startCodexSignIn\(\{\s*key: codexCredentialKey\.central,\s*accountId: result\.creds\.accountId/,
+      ],
+      [
+        "src/app/api/auth/codex/disconnect/route.ts",
+        /forgetCodexSignIn\(codexCredentialKey\.user\(user\.id\)\)/,
+      ],
+      [
+        "src/app/api/admin/central-codex/route.ts",
+        /forgetCodexSignIn\(codexCredentialKey\.central\)/,
+      ],
+    ];
+    for (const [file, call] of routes) {
+      expect(readSource(file, call), file).toMatch(call);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-cache.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-cache.test.ts
index 819b4277f..f77994dff 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-cache.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-cache.test.ts
@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ import {
   clearCodexSlugCache,
   codexCredentialCacheSize,
   codexCredentialKey,
+  codexGateMemory,
+  forgetCodexSignIn,
   getCachedCodexSlug,
   getCodexCatalogState,
   rejectedCodexSlugs,
   rememberRejectedCodexSlug,
   setCachedCodexSlug,
   setCodexCatalogState,
+  startCodexSignIn,
 } from "../codex-slug-cache";
 
 /**
@@ -35,19 +38,19 @@ describe("Codex per-sign-in cache", () => {
   });
 
   it("starts empty", () => {
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key)).toBeNull();
-    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key).size).toBe(0);
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A.key)).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A)).toBeNull();
+    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A).size).toBe(0);
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A)).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it("holds the working slug for exactly the TTL", () => {
     setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol", 1_000);
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key, 1_000)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key, 1_000 + CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS)).toBe(
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A, 1_000)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A, 1_000 + CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS)).toBe(
       "gpt-6-sol",
     );
     expect(
-      getCachedCodexSlug(A.key, 1_000 + CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS + 1),
+      getCachedCodexSlug(A, 1_000 + CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS + 1),
     ).toBeNull();
     expect(CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS).toBe(60 * 60 * 1000);
   });
@@ -57,59 +60,89 @@ describe("Codex per-sign-in cache", () => {
     setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-5.6-terra");
     setCachedCodexSlug(B, "gpt-6.1-sol");
     setCachedCodexSlug(CENTRAL, "gpt-6-sol");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key)).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(B.key)).toBe("gpt-6.1-sol");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CENTRAL.key)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A)).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(B)).toBe("gpt-6.1-sol");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CENTRAL)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
 
     rememberRejectedCodexSlug(B, "gpt-6.1-sol");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(B.key)).toBeNull();
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key)).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
-    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key).size).toBe(0);
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(B)).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A)).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
+    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A).size).toBe(0);
   });
 
   it("a refusal drops the working slot and is held for its own TTL", () => {
     setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-5.6-terra", 0);
     rememberRejectedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-5.6-terra", 10);
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key, 10)).toBeNull();
-    expect([...rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key, 10)]).toEqual(["gpt-5.6-terra"]);
-    expect([
-      ...rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key, 10 + CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS),
-    ]).toEqual(["gpt-5.6-terra"]);
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A, 10)).toBeNull();
+    expect([...rejectedCodexSlugs(A, 10)]).toEqual(["gpt-5.6-terra"]);
+    expect([...rejectedCodexSlugs(A, 10 + CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS)]).toEqual(
+      ["gpt-5.6-terra"],
+    );
     expect(
-      rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key, 10 + CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS + 1).size,
+      rejectedCodexSlugs(A, 10 + CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS + 1).size,
     ).toBe(0);
   });
 
   it("a slug that works again leaves the refused set", () => {
     rememberRejectedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol");
     setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol");
-    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key).size).toBe(0);
+    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A).size).toBe(0);
   });
 
-  it("a credential reconnected to another account starts afresh", () => {
+  it("a credential reconnected to another account reads as empty before anything is written", () => {
     setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-5.6-terra");
     rememberRejectedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol");
     setCodexCatalogState(A, { kind: "offered", models: [], at: Date.now() });
 
-    // Same stored credential, a different ChatGPT account (another plan).
-    setCachedCodexSlug({ key: A.key, accountId: "acct-other" }, "gpt-6-luna");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A.key)).toBe("gpt-6-luna");
-    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(A.key).size).toBe(0);
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A.key)).toBeNull();
+    // Same stored credential, a different ChatGPT account (another plan):
+    // its first read finds nothing the old account learned.
+    const other = { key: A.key, accountId: "acct-other" };
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(other)).toBeNull();
+    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(other).size).toBe(0);
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(other)).toBeNull();
+
+    // Its first write starts the entry afresh, and the old account's memory
+    // is gone with it.
+    setCachedCodexSlug(other, "gpt-6-luna");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(other)).toBe("gpt-6-luna");
+    expect(rejectedCodexSlugs(other).size).toBe(0);
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(A)).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("a connect rebinds the gate's memory and a disconnect forgets it", () => {
+    setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-5.6-terra");
+    rememberRejectedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(codexGateMemory(A.key).working).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
+
+    // A reconnect to the same account keeps what it learned.
+    startCodexSignIn(A);
+    expect(codexGateMemory(A.key).working).toBe("gpt-5.6-terra");
+
+    // A reconnect to another account starts it afresh.
+    startCodexSignIn({ key: A.key, accountId: "acct-other" });
+    expect(codexGateMemory(A.key)).toEqual({
+      working: null,
+      rejected: new Set(),
+      catalog: null,
+    });
+
+    setCachedCodexSlug(B, "gpt-6-sol");
+    forgetCodexSignIn(B.key);
+    expect(codexGateMemory(B.key).working).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(B)).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it("holds a list for its TTL and a failed read for the shorter retry window", () => {
     setCodexCatalogState(A, { kind: "offered", models: [], at: 0 });
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A.key, CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS)?.kind).toBe(
-      "offered",
-    );
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A.key, CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS + 1)).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A, CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS)?.kind).toBe("offered");
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(A, CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS + 1)).toBeNull();
 
     setCodexCatalogState(B, { kind: "unreadable", reason: "timeout", at: 0 });
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(B.key, CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS)?.kind).toBe(
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(B, CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS)?.kind).toBe(
       "unreadable",
     );
-    expect(getCodexCatalogState(B.key, CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS + 1)).toBeNull();
+    expect(getCodexCatalogState(B, CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS + 1)).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it("reports the first unreadable read of a stretch, and re-arms on success", () => {
@@ -135,13 +168,28 @@ describe("Codex per-sign-in cache", () => {
       );
     }
     // Touch the oldest so the second-oldest is the one to go.
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("u0"))).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("u0"),
+        accountId: "acct-0",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
     setCachedCodexSlug(
       { key: codexCredentialKey.user("new"), accountId: "acct-new" },
       "gpt-6-sol",
     );
     expect(codexCredentialCacheSize()).toBe(CODEX_CREDENTIAL_CACHE_MAX);
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("u0"))).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(codexCredentialKey.user("u1"))).toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("u0"),
+        accountId: "acct-0",
+      }),
+    ).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(
+      getCachedCodexSlug({
+        key: codexCredentialKey.user("u1"),
+        accountId: "acct-1",
+      }),
+    ).toBeNull();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-chain.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-chain.test.ts
index dd21fd811..4c35c46c6 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-chain.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-chain.test.ts
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ import {
 import {
   clearCodexSlugCache,
   codexCredentialKey,
+  forgetCodexSignIn,
   rememberRejectedCodexSlug,
   setCachedCodexSlug,
   setCodexCatalogState,
+  startCodexSignIn,
 } from "../codex-slug-cache";
 
 const OFFERED = parseCodexModelList(
@@ -278,6 +280,29 @@ describe("vision for a Codex sign-in", () => {
     expect(codexSignInReadsImages(B.key)).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  it("answers from the new sign-in as soon as the credential is connected to another account", () => {
+    // The old account: its working model listed as text-only.
+    setCodexCatalogState(A, {
+      kind: "offered",
+      models: [{ ...offered("gpt-6-sol")[0], inputModalities: ["text"] }],
+      at: Date.now(),
+    });
+    setCachedCodexSlug(A, "gpt-6-sol");
+    expect(codexSignInReadsImages(A.key)).toBe(false);
+
+    // What the device-poll route records on a reconnect.
+    startCodexSignIn({ key: A.key, accountId: "acct-new" });
+    expect(resolveCodexVisionSlug(A.key)).toBe(DEFAULT_SLUG_FALLBACK_CHAIN[0]);
+    expect(codexSignInReadsImages(A.key)).toBe(true);
+    expect(chainEntryReadsImages("codex", "a", null)).toBe(true);
+
+    // And on a disconnect.
+    setCachedCodexSlug(B, "o3-mini");
+    expect(codexSignInReadsImages(B.key)).toBe(false);
+    forgetCodexSignIn(B.key);
+    expect(codexSignInReadsImages(B.key)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   it("falls back to the model family when the list says nothing", () => {
     setCodexCatalogState(A, {
       kind: "offered",
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-fallback.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-fallback.test.ts
index badd9f330..ac0aa8c1a 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-fallback.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/__tests__/codex-slug-fallback.test.ts
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ describe("Codex slug fallback chain", () => {
         "gpt-6-sol",
       ]);
       expect(client.getLastDiagnostics()?.workingSlug).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
-      expect(getCachedCodexSlug(KEY)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
+      expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL)).toBe("gpt-6-sol");
     } finally {
       if (origModel === undefined) delete process.env.CODEX_MODEL;
       else process.env.CODEX_MODEL = origModel;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ describe("Codex slug fallback chain", () => {
     expect(diagnostics?.cacheState).toBe("miss");
     expect(diagnostics?.workingSlug).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
 
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(KEY)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
   });
 
   it("walks past first slug on 'not supported when using Codex with a ChatGPT account' 400", async () => {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ describe("Codex slug fallback chain", () => {
     expect(diagnostics?.workingSlug).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
 
     // The working slug — not the rejected one — is now cached.
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(KEY)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
   });
 
   it("walks past first slug on 400 with model_not_found body", async () => {
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ describe("Codex slug fallback chain", () => {
 
   it("cache invalidated when cached slug starts rejecting", async () => {
     setCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL, "gpt-5-codex");
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(KEY)).toBe("gpt-5-codex");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL)).toBe("gpt-5-codex");
 
     const mockFetch = vi
       .fn()
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ describe("Codex slug fallback chain", () => {
 
     // After walking to "gpt-5.3-codex" (the next entry after the
     // cached one), the cache is updated to the new working slug.
-    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(KEY)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
+    expect(getCachedCodexSlug(CREDENTIAL)).toBe("gpt-5.3-codex");
   });
 
   it("isSlugRejection helper recognises canonical rejection bodies", () => {
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/codex-client.ts b/src/lib/ai/codex-client.ts
index 7655f5b03..da239552f 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/codex-client.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/codex-client.ts
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ export class CodexClient implements AIProvider {
   ): Promise<CompletionResult> {
     // The working slug alone first: the account's list is read only when
     // there is none, or when it stops working.
-    const cached = getCachedCodexSlug(this.selection.credentialKey);
+    const cached = getCachedCodexSlug(this.credential);
     const cacheState = cached === null ? "miss" : "hit";
     const loadChain = () =>
       loadCodexAttemptChain({
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/codex-model-catalog.ts b/src/lib/ai/codex-model-catalog.ts
index 0ea5781b6..d95b1abd5 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/codex-model-catalog.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/codex-model-catalog.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   codexCredentialKey,
   getCodexCatalogState,
   setCodexCatalogState,
+  type CodexCatalogState,
   type CodexCredential,
 } from "./codex-slug-cache";
 
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ export function readCodexModelCatalog(
   credential: CodexCredential,
   auth: CodexCatalogAuth,
 ): Promise<CodexCatalogRead> {
-  const state = getCodexCatalogState(credential.key);
+  const state = getCodexCatalogState(credential);
   if (state?.kind === "offered") {
     return Promise.resolve({
       models: state.models,
@@ -289,9 +290,15 @@ export function readCodexModelCatalog(
 
 /** The offered models from an earlier read, without touching the network. */
 export function cachedCodexModels(
-  key: string,
+  credential: CodexCredential,
   now: number = Date.now(),
 ): readonly CodexOfferedModel[] | null {
-  const state = getCodexCatalogState(key, now);
+  return offeredModels(getCodexCatalogState(credential, now));
+}
+
+/** The models a list read offered, or null when it offered none. */
+export function offeredModels(
+  state: CodexCatalogState | null,
+): readonly CodexOfferedModel[] | null {
   return state?.kind === "offered" ? state.models : null;
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache.ts b/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache.ts
index b06d12c77..8e6198629 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-cache.ts
@@ -12,10 +12,21 @@
  *   - `central` for the operator-shared connection (`admin-codex`).
  *
  * An entry also remembers a digest of the ChatGPT account id it was learned
- * under. A credential reconnected to a different account (a different plan)
- * starts from an empty entry the first time a client runs on it, so nothing
- * learned on the old account carries over. No token, and no raw account id,
- * is ever a key or a value here.
+ * under, and a client reads it only under that account: a credential
+ * reconnected to a different account (a different plan) reads as empty from
+ * its first request, before anything is written under the new account, so no
+ * slug, refusal or list learned on the old account carries over. That holds
+ * in every process, including one that never saw the reconnect.
+ *
+ * The vision gate is the one reader without an account id (the provider
+ * presence probe decrypts nothing), so it reads the entry as this process last
+ * bound it ({@link codexGateMemory}). The routes that connect or disconnect a
+ * credential rebind or drop the entry ({@link startCodexSignIn},
+ * {@link forgetCodexSignIn}), so in the process that handled the change the
+ * gate answers from the new sign-in at once; elsewhere it catches up with that
+ * process's first request on the new sign-in, and a wrong guess in between is
+ * what the runtime probe and the OCR fallback already cover. No token, and no
+ * raw account id, is ever a key or a value here.
  *
  * Bounded both ways: every part of an entry expires on its own TTL, and the
  * map holds at most `CODEX_CREDENTIAL_CACHE_MAX` sign-ins, the least recently
@@ -76,7 +87,7 @@ function accountDigest(accountId: string): string {
     .slice(0, 32);
 }
 
-/** Read an entry without binding it to an account; LRU-touches a hit. */
+/** Read an entry whatever account it was learned under; LRU-touches a hit. */
 function peek(key: string): CredentialEntry | undefined {
   const entry = entries.get(key);
   if (!entry) return undefined;
@@ -109,12 +120,22 @@ function bind(credential: CodexCredential): CredentialEntry {
   return fresh;
 }
 
-/** The model that last worked for this sign-in, while it is fresh. */
-export function getCachedCodexSlug(
-  key: string,
-  now: number = Date.now(),
+/**
+ * The entry learned under this sign-in's account, or none: an entry left by
+ * another account on the same credential reads as empty.
+ */
+function read(credential: CodexCredential): CredentialEntry | undefined {
+  const entry = peek(credential.key);
+  if (!entry) return undefined;
+  return entry.accountDigest === accountDigest(credential.accountId)
+    ? entry
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+function liveWorking(
+  entry: CredentialEntry | undefined,
+  now: number,
 ): string | null {
-  const entry = peek(key);
   if (!entry?.working) return null;
   if (now - entry.working.at > CODEX_SLUG_CACHE_TTL_MS) {
     entry.working = null;
@@ -123,6 +144,40 @@ export function getCachedCodexSlug(
   return entry.working.slug;
 }
 
+function liveRejected(
+  entry: CredentialEntry | undefined,
+  now: number,
+): ReadonlySet<string> {
+  if (!entry) return new Set();
+  for (const [slug, at] of entry.rejected) {
+    if (now - at > CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS) entry.rejected.delete(slug);
+  }
+  return new Set(entry.rejected.keys());
+}
+
+function liveCatalog(
+  entry: CredentialEntry | undefined,
+  now: number,
+): CodexCatalogState | null {
+  const state = entry?.catalog;
+  if (!entry || !state) return null;
+  const ttl =
+    state.kind === "offered" ? CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS : CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS;
+  if (now - state.at > ttl) {
+    entry.catalog = null;
+    return null;
+  }
+  return state;
+}
+
+/** The model that last worked for this sign-in, while it is fresh. */
+export function getCachedCodexSlug(
+  credential: CodexCredential,
+  now: number = Date.now(),
+): string | null {
+  return liveWorking(read(credential), now);
+}
+
 export function setCachedCodexSlug(
   credential: CodexCredential,
   slug: string,
@@ -151,32 +206,57 @@ export function rememberRejectedCodexSlug(
 
 /** The models this sign-in was refused recently. */
 export function rejectedCodexSlugs(
-  key: string,
+  credential: CodexCredential,
   now: number = Date.now(),
 ): ReadonlySet<string> {
-  const entry = peek(key);
-  if (!entry) return new Set();
-  for (const [slug, at] of entry.rejected) {
-    if (now - at > CODEX_REJECTED_SLUG_TTL_MS) entry.rejected.delete(slug);
-  }
-  return new Set(entry.rejected.keys());
+  return liveRejected(read(credential), now);
 }
 
 /** The last read of the account's model list, while it is still trusted. */
 export function getCodexCatalogState(
-  key: string,
+  credential: CodexCredential,
   now: number = Date.now(),
 ): CodexCatalogState | null {
+  return liveCatalog(read(credential), now);
+}
+
+/** What the vision gate reasons from for one stored credential. */
+export interface CodexGateMemory {
+  working: string | null;
+  rejected: ReadonlySet<string>;
+  catalog: CodexCatalogState | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The credential's memory as this process last bound it, for the vision gate
+ * alone, which holds no account id (see the module header). Every other
+ * reader goes through the account-checked reads above.
+ */
+export function codexGateMemory(
+  key: string,
+  now: number = Date.now(),
+): CodexGateMemory {
   const entry = peek(key);
-  const state = entry?.catalog;
-  if (!entry || !state) return null;
-  const ttl =
-    state.kind === "offered" ? CODEX_CATALOG_TTL_MS : CODEX_CATALOG_RETRY_MS;
-  if (now - state.at > ttl) {
-    entry.catalog = null;
-    return null;
-  }
-  return state;
+  return {
+    working: liveWorking(entry, now),
+    rejected: liveRejected(entry, now),
+    catalog: liveCatalog(entry, now),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A credential has just been connected to `accountId`: a reconnect to another
+ * account starts the entry afresh, so the vision gate in this process stops
+ * reading what the old account learned; a reconnect to the same account keeps
+ * it.
+ */
+export function startCodexSignIn(credential: CodexCredential): void {
+  bind(credential);
+}
+
+/** A credential has been disconnected: forget what it learned. */
+export function forgetCodexSignIn(key: string): void {
+  entries.delete(key);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-chain.ts b/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-chain.ts
index 8b345e62d..766051598 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-chain.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/codex-slug-chain.ts
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
  */
 import { annotate } from "@/lib/logging/context";
 import {
-  cachedCodexModels,
+  offeredModels,
   readCodexModelCatalog,
   type CodexCatalogRead,
   type CodexOfferedModel,
 } from "./codex-model-catalog";
 import {
   codexCredentialKey,
-  getCachedCodexSlug,
+  codexGateMemory,
   rejectedCodexSlugs,
   type CodexCredential,
 } from "./codex-slug-cache";
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export async function loadCodexAttemptChain(input: {
   slugChain?: readonly string[];
   readModels?: CodexModelReader;
 }): Promise<string[]> {
-  const rejected = rejectedCodexSlugs(input.credential.key);
+  const rejected = rejectedCodexSlugs(input.credential);
   if (input.slugChain && input.slugChain.length > 0) {
     return [
       ...input.slugChain.filter((s) => !rejected.has(s)),
@@ -218,13 +218,13 @@ export async function loadCodexAttemptChain(input: {
  * fallback cover.
  */
 export function resolveCodexVisionSlug(credentialKey: string): string | null {
-  const cached = getCachedCodexSlug(credentialKey);
-  if (cached) return cached;
+  const memory = codexGateMemory(credentialKey);
+  if (memory.working) return memory.working;
   const { chain } = buildCodexSlugChain({
     offered: operatorReplacedCodexChain()
       ? null
-      : cachedCodexModels(credentialKey),
-    rejected: rejectedCodexSlugs(credentialKey),
+      : offeredModels(memory.catalog),
+    rejected: memory.rejected,
   });
   return chain[0] ?? null;
 }
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ export function resolveCodexVisionSlug(credentialKey: string): string | null {
 export function codexSignInReadsImages(credentialKey: string): boolean {
   const slug = resolveCodexVisionSlug(credentialKey);
   if (!slug) return false;
-  const offered = cachedCodexModels(credentialKey)?.find(
+  const offered = offeredModels(codexGateMemory(credentialKey).catalog)?.find(
     (m) => m.slug === slug,
   );
   if (offered?.inputModalities) {
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/__tests__/dialect-cache.test.ts b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/__tests__/dialect-cache.test.ts
index 94450e9a6..4d6c57134 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/__tests__/dialect-cache.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/__tests__/dialect-cache.test.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   rememberReasoningDialect,
   resetReasoningDialectCache,
 } from "../dialect-cache";
+import { learnReasoningFieldRefused, nextAnswerlessStep } from "../answerless";
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   resetReasoningDialectCache();
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 describe("reasoning dialect cache", () => {
   it("keys on provider, endpoint and model together", () => {
     const key = { provider: "local", endpoint: "http://a/v1", model: "m1" };
-    rememberReasoningDialect(key, "none");
+    rememberReasoningDialect(key, "none", "refusal");
     expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe("none");
     expect(learnedReasoningDialect({ ...key, model: "m2" })).toBeUndefined();
     expect(
@@ -60,12 +61,12 @@ describe("reasoning dialect cache", () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers({ toFake: ["Date"] });
     try {
       const key = { provider: "openai", endpoint: "http://g/v1", model: "m" };
-      rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED);
+      rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED, "reply");
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS - 1);
       expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED);
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
       expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBeUndefined();
-      rememberReasoningDialect(key, REASONS_REGARDLESS);
+      rememberReasoningDialect(key, REASONS_REGARDLESS, "reply");
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS / 2);
       expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(REASONS_REGARDLESS);
       expect(DIALECT_TTL_MS).toBe(60 * 60 * 1000);
@@ -75,14 +76,22 @@ describe("reasoning dialect cache", () => {
   });
 
   // #1279: at the hour, a gateway that refuses the field paid one refused
-  // request per expiry, a few a day.
-  it.each(["none", FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS])(
-    "holds a refused field (%s) for a day, not an hour",
-    (value) => {
+  // request per expiry, a few a day. Only a 400 refusing the field teaches
+  // the day.
+  it.each([
+    ["none", false],
+    [FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS, true],
+  ] as const)(
+    "holds a refused field a 400 taught (%s) for a day, not an hour",
+    (value, reasonedUnasked) => {
       vi.useFakeTimers({ toFake: ["Date"] });
       try {
         const key = { provider: "openai", endpoint: "http://g/v1", model: "m" };
-        rememberReasoningDialect(key, value);
+        if (reasonedUnasked) {
+          rememberReasoningDialect(key, REASONS_REGARDLESS, "reply");
+        }
+        learnReasoningFieldRefused(key, "openai", "low");
+        expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(value);
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS * 2);
         expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(value);
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS - DIALECT_TTL_MS * 2 - 1);
@@ -96,12 +105,41 @@ describe("reasoning dialect cache", () => {
     },
   );
 
+  it("keeps a refused field's own day when one reply adds that the model reasons regardless", () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers({ toFake: ["Date"] });
+    try {
+      const key = { provider: "local", endpoint: "http://l/v1", model: "m" };
+      learnReasoningFieldRefused(key, "local", "low");
+      // Late in the field's day, an answerless reply that reasoned.
+      const late = FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS - 2 * DIALECT_TTL_MS;
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(late);
+      expect(nextAnswerlessStep(key, null, true)).toEqual({
+        kind: "final",
+        learnedRegardless: true,
+      });
+      expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(
+        FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS,
+      );
+      // Not cut to the hour: the field refusal would come back after it.
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS + 1);
+      expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBe(
+        FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS,
+      );
+      // Not a fresh day either: one reply taught it, and the field's day
+      // ends where the 400 set it.
+      vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS - 1);
+      expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("gives a behavioural lesson that replaces a refused field the hour", () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers({ toFake: ["Date"] });
     try {
       const key = { provider: "local", endpoint: "http://l/v1", model: "m" };
-      rememberReasoningDialect(key, "none");
-      rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED);
+      rememberReasoningDialect(key, "none", "refusal");
+      rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED, "reply");
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(DIALECT_TTL_MS);
       expect(learnedReasoningDialect(key)).toBeUndefined();
     } finally {
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/answerless.ts b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/answerless.ts
index 492a94e3f..6da80c24d 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/answerless.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/answerless.ts
@@ -71,18 +71,18 @@ export function nextAnswerlessStep(
   // The endpoint refuses the field: there is no `none` to ask with.
   if (learned === "none") {
     if (!hadReasoning) return { kind: "final", learnedRegardless: false };
-    rememberReasoningDialect(key, FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS);
+    rememberReasoningDialect(key, FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS, "reply");
     return { kind: "final", learnedRegardless: true };
   }
   if (sent === "none") {
     if (!hadReasoning) return { kind: "final", learnedRegardless: false };
-    rememberReasoningDialect(key, REASONS_REGARDLESS);
+    rememberReasoningDialect(key, REASONS_REGARDLESS, "reply");
     return { kind: "final", learnedRegardless: true };
   }
   if (!hadReasoning && sent === null) {
     return { kind: "final", learnedRegardless: false };
   }
-  rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED);
+  rememberReasoningDialect(key, ANSWERS_ONLY_UNREASONED, "reply");
   return { kind: "ask_unreasoned" };
 }
 
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ export function learnReasoningFieldRefused(
   rememberReasoningDialect(
     key,
     reasonsUnasked(key) ? FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS : "none",
+    "refusal",
   );
   annotateReasoningDowngrade(provider, sent, "none");
   // One line per lesson, not per call: the operator learns that the
diff --git a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/dialect-cache.ts b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/dialect-cache.ts
index 2258dd743..9289479ef 100644
--- a/src/lib/ai/reasoning/dialect-cache.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ai/reasoning/dialect-cache.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * v1.41 — what an endpoint answered when it was asked to reason, learned at
- * runtime and kept for an hour (`DIALECT_TTL_MS`), a refused reasoning field
- * for a day (`FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS`), so an endpoint that gains the
+ * runtime and kept for an hour (`DIALECT_TTL_MS`), a reasoning field a 400
+ * refused for a day (`FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS`), so an endpoint that gains the
  * parameter, or a downgrade learned from a misread error, heals without a
  * restart.
  *
@@ -78,14 +78,15 @@ export function refusesReasoningField(learned: string | undefined): boolean {
 export const DIALECT_TTL_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
 /**
- * #1279 — how long a refused reasoning field holds (`refusesReasoningField`).
- * A gateway that refuses the field does so by its configuration (LiteLLM
- * without `drop_params`), which changes when its operator changes it, not
- * between two calls, and only a 400 naming the field with refusal wording
- * can teach it. At the hour every expiry cost one refused request, a few a
- * day on a gateway that runs the briefings unattended. A day bounds that to
- * one per day, and a gateway that gains the field still gets it the next day.
- * The other lessons read a single reply and keep the hour.
+ * #1279 — how long a reasoning field refused by a 400 holds
+ * (`refusesReasoningField`). A gateway that refuses the field does so by its
+ * configuration (LiteLLM without `drop_params`), which changes when its
+ * operator changes it, not between two calls, and only a 400 naming the
+ * field with refusal wording can teach it. At the hour every expiry cost one
+ * refused request, a few a day on a gateway that runs the briefings
+ * unattended. A day bounds that to one per day, and a gateway that gains the
+ * field still gets it the next day. A lesson read from a single reply keeps
+ * the hour.
  */
 export const FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
@@ -122,18 +123,45 @@ export function learnedReasoningDialect(
 }
 
 /**
- * Record what `key` accepts after it refused a richer request. A refused
- * field holds for `FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS`, every other lesson for
+ * What taught a lesson: a 400 that refused a parameter the client sent, or a
+ * single reply (one that came back without an answer).
+ */
+export type ReasoningLessonSource = "refusal" | "reply";
+
+/**
+ * Record what `key` accepts, by default after a 400 refused a richer request;
+ * a lesson read from a reply says so (`"reply"`). A reasoning field a 400
+ * refused holds for `FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS`, every other lesson for
  * `DIALECT_TTL_MS`.
+ *
+ * `FIELD_REFUSED_REASONS_REGARDLESS` carries two facts, and a reply only ever
+ * adds the second ("reasons regardless") to a field refusal a 400 taught
+ * earlier. That upgrade keeps the refusal's remaining lifetime: a fresh day
+ * would let one reply extend what the 400 taught, and the hour would bring
+ * the refused request back after it. The "regardless" half rides along and
+ * is learned again from the next answerless reply if it lapses.
  */
 export function rememberReasoningDialect(
   key: ReasoningDialectKey,
   value: string,
+  source: ReasoningLessonSource = "refusal",
 ): void {
-  const ttl = refusesReasoningField(value)
-    ? FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS
-    : DIALECT_TTL_MS;
-  learned.set(cacheKey(key), { value, expiresAt: Date.now() + ttl });
+  const k = cacheKey(key);
+  const now = Date.now();
+  let expiresAt = now + DIALECT_TTL_MS;
+  if (refusesReasoningField(value)) {
+    const before = learned.get(k);
+    if (source === "refusal") {
+      expiresAt = now + FIELD_REFUSED_TTL_MS;
+    } else if (
+      before &&
+      before.expiresAt > now &&
+      refusesReasoningField(before.value)
+    ) {
+      expiresAt = before.expiresAt;
+    }
+  }
+  learned.set(k, { value, expiresAt });
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/day/contract.ts b/src/lib/day/contract.ts
index 97651415e..e87001167 100644
--- a/src/lib/day/contract.ts
+++ b/src/lib/day/contract.ts
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ export type TimelineLabMarker = TimelineResponse["availableLabs"][number];
 export const TIMELINE_LAB_KEY_PREFIX = "lab:";
 
 /**
- * The most lab markers one request names. Measurement names are a closed
+ * The most lab markers one request draws. Measurement names are a closed
  * set and bound themselves; marker ids are not.
  */
 export const TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX = 24;
@@ -449,6 +449,21 @@ export function timelineLabMarkerId(key: string): string | null {
   return /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{1,64}$/.test(id) ? id : null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * `keys` with every lab marker past the first `TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX` left
+ * out, everything else in its place. The server applies it to what it is
+ * asked for and the page to what it asks, so a stored list longer than the
+ * cap (another device, an older build) loads its first markers instead of
+ * failing the page.
+ */
+export function capTimelineLabKeys(keys: readonly string[]): string[] {
+  let labs = 0;
+  return keys.filter(
+    (key) =>
+      timelineLabMarkerId(key) === null || ++labs <= TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX,
+  );
+}
+
 /** The `values` entry for a lab marker. */
 export function timelineLabKey(biomarkerId: string): string {
   return `${TIMELINE_LAB_KEY_PREFIX}${biomarkerId}`;
diff --git a/src/lib/day/wire-schemas.ts b/src/lib/day/wire-schemas.ts
index 4a5c892c3..eba8ef32c 100644
--- a/src/lib/day/wire-schemas.ts
+++ b/src/lib/day/wire-schemas.ts
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ export const timelineQuerySchema = z
       .string()
       .optional()
       .describe(
-        "Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as `lab:<biomarkerId>` (see `availableLabs`). A name given twice counts once, so the list is bounded by the names that exist; an unknown measurement name answers 422, and so do more than 24 lab markers (ids, unlike names, are not a closed set). A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is left out of `labSeries` without an error, so a stored choice never breaks the page.",
+        "Comma-separated value series to include, as `MeasurementType` names, `MOOD`, or a lab marker as `lab:<biomarkerId>` (see `availableLabs`). A name given twice counts once, so the list is bounded by the names that exist; an unknown measurement name or a malformed marker key answers 422. At most 24 lab markers are drawn (ids, unlike names, are not a closed set): the first 24 are kept and any further ones left out without an error. A lab marker that is not in the record (deleted, or another record's) is likewise left out of `labSeries`, so a stored choice never breaks the page.",
       ),
   })
   .refine((q) => q.zoom !== "range" || (q.from && q.to), {
diff --git a/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-restore.test.ts b/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-restore.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5e984ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/export/__tests__/account-settings-restore.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Whose word a restored AI endpoint is taken on. An admin's own copy is the
+ * operator's configuration, so the operator's wider endpoint policy applies;
+ * a copy uploaded into an account other than the one that wrote it is the
+ * word of whoever wrote it, whatever the receiving account's role.
+ */
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import type { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
+import { restoreAccountSettings } from "@/lib/export/account-settings-restore";
+
+const PRIVATE_ENDPOINT = "http://10.20.30.40:11434";
+
+function adminTx() {
+  const update = vi.fn(async () => ({}));
+  const tx = {
+    user: {
+      findUniqueOrThrow: vi.fn(async () => ({
+        role: "ADMIN",
+        aiProvider: null,
+        unitPreference: "metric",
+        glucoseUnit: "mg/dL",
+      })),
+      update,
+    },
+  } as unknown as Prisma.TransactionClient;
+  return { tx, update };
+}
+
+const payload = {
+  accountSettings: { aiProvider: "LOCAL", aiBaseUrl: PRIVATE_ENDPOINT },
+};
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+});
+
+describe("restoring an admin account's settings", () => {
+  it("takes a private AI endpoint from the admin's own copy under the operator's policy", async () => {
+    vi.stubEnv("AI_PRIVATE_ORIGINS", "");
+    vi.stubEnv("ALLOW_LOCAL_AI_PRIVATE_HOSTS", "true");
+    const { tx, update } = adminTx();
+    const result = await restoreAccountSettings(tx, "admin-1", payload, {
+      retargeted: false,
+    });
+    expect(result.refused).toEqual([]);
+    expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      where: { id: "admin-1" },
+      data: { aiProvider: "LOCAL", aiBaseUrl: PRIVATE_ENDPOINT },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("refuses it from a copy that was uploaded into the account from someone else's file", async () => {
+    vi.stubEnv("AI_PRIVATE_ORIGINS", "");
+    vi.stubEnv("ALLOW_LOCAL_AI_PRIVATE_HOSTS", "true");
+    const { tx, update } = adminTx();
+    const result = await restoreAccountSettings(tx, "admin-1", payload, {
+      retargeted: true,
+    });
+    expect(result.refused).toEqual(["aiBaseUrl"]);
+    expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      where: { id: "admin-1" },
+      data: { aiProvider: "LOCAL" },
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-failure-cause.test.ts b/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-failure-cause.test.ts
index 6c6807510..667ffac09 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-failure-cause.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-failure-cause.test.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import {
   classifyRestoreFailure,
+  isPrimaryKeyConflict,
   RESTORE_FAILURE_CAUSE_MESSAGES,
   RESTORE_FAILURE_CAUSES,
 } from "@/lib/export/restore-failure-cause";
@@ -147,3 +148,43 @@ describe("classifyRestoreFailure", () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+describe("isPrimaryKeyConflict", () => {
+  it("names a duplicate primary key, as the driver reports it", () => {
+    expect(
+      isPrimaryKeyConflict(
+        adapterError("P2010", "23505", {
+          kind: "UniqueConstraintViolation",
+          constraint: { index: "measurements_pkey" },
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    // Without the structured name, read from the message.
+    expect(
+      isPrimaryKeyConflict(
+        adapterError("P2010", "23505", {
+          originalMessage:
+            'duplicate key value violates unique constraint "mood_entries_pkey"',
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("does not name another unique rule, or another failure", () => {
+    expect(
+      isPrimaryKeyConflict(
+        adapterError("P2002", "23505", {
+          constraint: { index: "measurements_user_id_external_id_key" },
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(
+      isPrimaryKeyConflict(
+        adapterError("P2010", "23503", {
+          constraint: { index: "measurements_pkey" },
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPrimaryKeyConflict(new Error("measurements_pkey"))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-target-models.test.ts b/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-target-models.test.ts
index f6bfffaaf..c7e1a25f2 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-target-models.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/__tests__/restore-target-models.test.ts
@@ -7,17 +7,26 @@
  *
  * Mutation check: drop a model from `BACKED_UP_CHILD_MODELS` and the first
  * case names it (no `userId`); add an owned model to it and the second does.
+ * Add a model with many rows per account (`Measurement`) to the setup list
+ * and the third does.
  */
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
-import { parseWipeSchema } from "@/__tests__/helpers/wipe-schema-shape";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+
+import {
+  parseWipeSchema,
+  WIPE_SCHEMA_PATH,
+} from "@/__tests__/helpers/wipe-schema-shape";
 import { BACKED_UP_MODELS } from "@/lib/export/backup-plan";
 import {
   BACKED_UP_CHILD_MODELS,
   RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS,
+  RESTORE_TARGET_SETUP_MODELS,
 } from "@/lib/export/restore-target";
 
 const models = parseWipeSchema();
+const SCHEMA = readFileSync(WIPE_SCHEMA_PATH, "utf8");
 
 describe("restore target models", () => {
   it("reads every owned backed-up model by its userId", () => {
@@ -42,4 +51,30 @@ describe("restore target models", () => {
       expect(RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS, parent).toContain(parent);
     }
   });
+
+  it("leaves out only one-row-per-account setup state that no other backed-up model hangs off", () => {
+    const setup = Object.keys(RESTORE_TARGET_SETUP_MODELS);
+    expect(setup.sort()).toEqual(["CycleProfile", "OnboardingRecord"]);
+    for (const model of setup) {
+      expect(RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS, model).toContain(model);
+      // One row per account: a list of things the person recorded is not
+      // setup state.
+      const body = SCHEMA.match(
+        new RegExp(`^model ${model} \\{([\\s\\S]*?)^\\}`, "m"),
+      )?.[1];
+      expect(
+        /^\s*userId\s+String\s+@unique/m.test(body ?? "") ||
+          /@@unique\(\[userId\]\)/.test(body ?? ""),
+        model,
+      ).toBe(true);
+      // Nothing backed up hangs off it, so leaving it out of the check
+      // leaves no record unchecked behind it.
+      for (const other of BACKED_UP_MODELS) {
+        expect(
+          models.get(other)?.relations.some((r) => r.target === model),
+          `${other} -> ${model}`,
+        ).not.toBe(true);
+      }
+    }
+  });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/export/account-settings-restore.ts b/src/lib/export/account-settings-restore.ts
index b98b3e688..b2913543a 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/account-settings-restore.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/account-settings-restore.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,15 @@ export interface AccountSettingsRestoreInput {
   accountSettings?: AccountSettingsBackupEntry | null;
 }
 
+/** Where the copy being restored came from. */
+export interface AccountSettingsRestoreSource {
+  /**
+   * The copy was uploaded into this account from a file another account
+   * wrote (`backup-upload-type.ts`), so its settings are that author's word.
+   */
+  retargeted: boolean;
+}
+
 export interface AccountSettingsRestoreResult {
   /** How many setting columns were written. */
   applied: number;
@@ -32,11 +41,16 @@ export interface AccountSettingsRestoreResult {
  * the row are never in the write, so they stay exactly as the receiving
  * account has them. A file without the section leaves the row untouched,
  * which is how every backup written before the section existed restores.
+ *
+ * An admin's own copy is the operator's configuration and is read under the
+ * operator's AI endpoint policy. A retargeted copy never is: the admin chose
+ * where it went, but the file's author wrote its settings.
  */
 export async function restoreAccountSettings(
   tx: Prisma.TransactionClient,
   ownerId: string,
   payload: AccountSettingsRestoreInput,
+  source: AccountSettingsRestoreSource,
 ): Promise<AccountSettingsRestoreResult> {
   const entry = payload.accountSettings;
   if (!entry) return { applied: 0, refused: [], unitsChanged: false };
@@ -52,7 +66,7 @@ export async function restoreAccountSettings(
   });
   const { data, refused } = admitAccountSettings(
     entry,
-    { operatorTrusted: current.role === "ADMIN" },
+    { operatorTrusted: !source.retargeted && current.role === "ADMIN" },
     current.aiProvider,
   );
 
diff --git a/src/lib/export/backup-domains.ts b/src/lib/export/backup-domains.ts
index c16788122..c7cdfa394 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/backup-domains.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/backup-domains.ts
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ export const RESTORE_STEPS: readonly RestoreStep[] = [
         ctx.tx,
         ctx.ownerId,
         ctx.payload,
+        { retargeted: ctx.retargeted },
       );
       for (const column of result.refused) {
         ctx.skips.push({ catalogue: "accountSetting", key: column, links: 1 });
diff --git a/src/lib/export/backup-upload-type.ts b/src/lib/export/backup-upload-type.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce1a8b676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/export/backup-upload-type.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/**
+ * The `DataBackup.type` of a copy an admin uploaded.
+ *
+ * A file uploaded for the account it names is `MANUAL_UPLOAD_<ms>`. A file
+ * uploaded into another account (the copy of an erased account, put into the
+ * account chosen for it) is `RETARGETED_UPLOAD_<ms>`, and the mark stays with
+ * the stored copy: its settings were written by the file's author, not by the
+ * account it now belongs to, so its restore never takes them on the
+ * operator's word, whatever that account's role is by then. The millisecond
+ * suffix keeps the `(userId, type)` unique constraint free for several
+ * uploads beside the rolling `WEEKLY_AUTO` copy.
+ */
+const MANUAL_UPLOAD_PREFIX = "MANUAL_UPLOAD_";
+const RETARGETED_UPLOAD_PREFIX = "RETARGETED_UPLOAD_";
+
+export function uploadedBackupType(retargeted: boolean, now: number): string {
+  return `${retargeted ? RETARGETED_UPLOAD_PREFIX : MANUAL_UPLOAD_PREFIX}${now}`;
+}
+
+/** Whether a stored copy was uploaded into an account other than its own. */
+export function isRetargetedUploadType(type: string): boolean {
+  return type.startsWith(RETARGETED_UPLOAD_PREFIX);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
index 737a39044..64bf060d1 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-backup.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import { auditLog } from "@/lib/auth/audit";
 import { invalidateUserData } from "@/lib/cache/invalidate";
 import { prisma } from "@/lib/db";
 import type { AccountSettingsRestoreResult } from "@/lib/export/account-settings-restore";
+import { isRetargetedUploadType } from "@/lib/export/backup-upload-type";
 import {
   RESTORE_CLEAR_STEPS,
   RESTORE_STEPS,
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ import {
 import {
   classifyRestoreFailure,
   RESTORE_FAILURE_CAUSE_MESSAGES,
+  isPrimaryKeyConflict,
 } from "@/lib/export/restore-failure-cause";
 import { takeRestoreLock } from "@/lib/export/restore-lock";
 import {
@@ -134,6 +136,9 @@ export type RestoreProgressSink = (
  * before the first delete or rolls the whole transaction back, so each means
  * the account is unchanged.
  */
+/** A retargeted copy whose rows another account already holds. */
+const ROWS_EXIST_ELSEWHERE_CODE = "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere";
+
 export type RestoreFailureCode =
   | "backup_not_found"
   | "backup_changed"
@@ -146,6 +151,7 @@ export type RestoreFailureCode =
   | "document_ciphertext_missing"
   | "backup.key.missing"
   | "backup.foreign_reference"
+  | "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere"
   | "time_budget"
   | "transaction_failed"
   | "interrupted"
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@ async function replaceAccount(
   read: ReadBackup,
   ownerId: string,
   restoreInstanceSettings: boolean,
+  retargeted: boolean,
   transactionTimeoutMs: number,
   tracker: RestoreProgressTracker,
   prepass: MeasurementRestorePrepass,
@@ -285,6 +292,7 @@ async function replaceAccount(
         streamed: read.streamed,
         skips,
         restoreInstanceSettings,
+        retargeted,
         measurementPrepass: prepass,
         links: emptyRestoreLinks(),
         outputs: {
@@ -342,6 +350,7 @@ async function transactionRefusal(
   input: RestoreBackupInput,
   ownerId: string,
   transactionTimeoutMs: number,
+  retargeted: boolean,
   err: unknown,
 ): Promise<RestoreBackupOutcome> {
   const verbose = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
@@ -372,6 +381,16 @@ async function transactionRefusal(
       references: err.edges,
     });
   }
+  if (retargeted && isPrimaryKeyConflict(err)) {
+    // Rows keep their ids from the file, so the copy of an erased account
+    // can live in one account only. Rolled back, so nothing was changed.
+    return refused(
+      409,
+      ROWS_EXIST_ELSEWHERE_CODE,
+      "Records in this copy are already in this database, so the file was most likely already restored into another account. A file can be restored into one account only. Nothing was changed.",
+      { errorCode: ROWS_EXIST_ELSEWHERE_CODE },
+    );
+  }
   if (isStoredBackupReadError(err)) {
     // The second read, inside the transaction, found the copy replaced or
     // altered. The transaction rolled back, so nothing was changed.
@@ -592,6 +611,12 @@ export async function restoreBackup(
   const checked = await checkBackupBeforeRestore(input, read);
   if (!checked.ok) return checked.outcome;
   const { owner, transactionTimeoutMs } = checked;
+  // Read from the row, not passed in, so no caller can leave it out.
+  const stored = await prisma.dataBackup.findUnique({
+    where: { id: backup.id },
+    select: { type: true },
+  });
+  const retargeted = isRetargetedUploadType(stored?.type ?? "");
 
   let result: TransactionResult;
   try {
@@ -599,12 +624,19 @@ export async function restoreBackup(
       read,
       owner.id,
       restoreInstanceSettings,
+      retargeted,
       transactionTimeoutMs,
       tracker,
       prepass,
     );
   } catch (err) {
-    return transactionRefusal(input, owner.id, transactionTimeoutMs, err);
+    return transactionRefusal(
+      input,
+      owner.id,
+      transactionTimeoutMs,
+      retargeted,
+      err,
+    );
   }
 
   const response = await afterCommit(input, read, owner, result, tracker);
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-context.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-context.ts
index bb7780cc3..88598840a 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-context.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-context.ts
@@ -179,6 +179,11 @@ export interface RestoreContext {
   /** Declared inside the transaction, so a rollback takes the report with it. */
   readonly skips: RestoreSkipLog;
   readonly restoreInstanceSettings: boolean;
+  /**
+   * The copy was uploaded into this account from another account's file
+   * (`backup-upload-type.ts`); its settings are not the operator's word.
+   */
+  readonly retargeted: boolean;
   /** What the file's first read noted about its readings. */
   readonly measurementPrepass: MeasurementRestorePrepass;
   readonly links: RestoreLinks;
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-failure-cause.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-failure-cause.ts
index cb1659618..083f00166 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-failure-cause.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-failure-cause.ts
@@ -108,6 +108,25 @@ export function classifyRestoreFailure(err: unknown): ClassifiedRestoreFailure {
   return { cause: "other", code: prisma };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Whether a restore failed because a row it inserted carries a primary key
+ * already taken. The restore deletes the receiving account's own rows first,
+ * so the key belongs to a row of another account: for a copy put into a
+ * chosen account, the same file restored into a different account before.
+ */
+export function isPrimaryKeyConflict(err: unknown): boolean {
+  if (sqlState(err) !== "23505") return false;
+  const cause = field(field(field(err, "meta"), "driverAdapterError"), "cause");
+  const index = field(field(cause, "constraint"), "index");
+  const name =
+    typeof index === "string"
+      ? index
+      : /unique constraint "([^"]+)"/.exec(
+          String(field(cause, "originalMessage") ?? field(err, "message")),
+        )?.[1];
+  return typeof name === "string" && name.endsWith("_pkey");
+}
+
 /** The sentence the job row and the audit trail carry for each cause. */
 export const RESTORE_FAILURE_CAUSE_MESSAGES: Record<
   RestoreFailureCause,
diff --git a/src/lib/export/restore-target.ts b/src/lib/export/restore-target.ts
index 3b5d4a33b..136044639 100644
--- a/src/lib/export/restore-target.ts
+++ b/src/lib/export/restore-target.ts
@@ -8,14 +8,22 @@
  * that account holds none of those rows, and the check is exactly that: a row
  * of any model the backup carries ({@link BACKED_UP_MODELS}) under the
  * account refuses it. Everything a restore leaves alone (credentials,
- * sessions, devices, grants) does not count.
+ * sessions, devices, grants) does not count, and neither does the setup state
+ * signing up leaves behind ({@link RESTORE_TARGET_SETUP_MODELS}): the person
+ * did not enter it as a record, and the restore replaces it with the copy's.
+ * A reading or a medication entered during setup is a record like any other
+ * and still refuses, because the restore would delete it.
  *
- * The other two refusals keep the account rules intact. A managed profile is
+ * The other refusals keep the account rules intact. A managed profile is
  * its Guardians' record, which an admin does not write into (the users list
  * offers no admin deletion on one for the same reason). An account pending
  * deletion is locked and will be erased, with whatever was restored into it.
- * Neither the restore nor this check touches the role, so the last-admin rule
- * is not in play.
+ * An admin account is the operator's: its settings are taken on the
+ * operator's word (a wider AI endpoint policy) and its role reaches every
+ * account, so another person's record does not go into it. Someone who has
+ * signed up again holds an ordinary account, and a new one can always be
+ * made. Neither the restore nor this check touches the role, so the
+ * last-admin rule is not in play.
  */
 import type { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client";
 import { BACKED_UP_MODELS } from "@/lib/export/backup-plan";
@@ -47,6 +55,29 @@ export const BACKED_UP_CHILD_MODELS: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
 export const RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS: readonly string[] =
   BACKED_UP_MODELS.filter((model) => !(model in BACKED_UP_CHILD_MODELS));
 
+/**
+ * The backed-up models an account holds a row of after signing up and going
+ * through setup, before anything has been recorded, each with the writer.
+ * One row per account, settings-shaped, and deleted and re-created from the
+ * copy by every restore, so the copy's state replaces it and nothing the
+ * person entered is lost. Without this list the account of someone who has
+ * signed up again was always refused, which is the case the target exists
+ * for. `restore-target-models.test.ts` holds each to that shape.
+ */
+export const RESTORE_TARGET_SETUP_MODELS: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
+  // `PATCH /api/onboarding/answers` and `POST /api/onboarding/complete`.
+  OnboardingRecord: "the setup answers",
+  // Created by the setup confirm when the cycle area is chosen, and by the
+  // first read of the cycle settings.
+  CycleProfile: "the cycle settings",
+};
+
+/** The models whose rows make an account a refused restore target. */
+const RESTORE_TARGET_CHECKED_MODELS: readonly string[] =
+  RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS.filter(
+    (model) => !(model in RESTORE_TARGET_SETUP_MODELS),
+  );
+
 interface OwnedDelegate {
   findFirst(args: {
     where: { userId: string };
@@ -65,13 +96,16 @@ function ownedDelegate(db: object, model: string): OwnedDelegate {
   return delegate;
 }
 
-/** The backed-up models under which `userId` holds at least one row. */
+/**
+ * The backed-up models under which `userId` holds at least one row, setup
+ * state left out.
+ */
 export async function modelsHoldingRecords(
   db: Prisma.TransactionClient,
   userId: string,
 ): Promise<string[]> {
   const held: string[] = [];
-  for (const model of RESTORE_TARGET_OWNED_MODELS) {
+  for (const model of RESTORE_TARGET_CHECKED_MODELS) {
     const row = await ownedDelegate(db, model).findFirst({
       where: { userId },
       select: { userId: true },
@@ -82,7 +116,11 @@ export async function modelsHoldingRecords(
 }
 
 export type RestoreTargetRefusal =
-  "not_found" | "managed_profile" | "pending_deletion" | "holds_records";
+  | "not_found"
+  | "managed_profile"
+  | "pending_deletion"
+  | "admin_account"
+  | "holds_records";
 
 export type RestoreTargetVerdict =
   | { ok: true; target: { id: string; username: string } }
@@ -106,6 +144,7 @@ export async function checkRestoreTarget(
       username: true,
       managedProfileAt: true,
       deletionRequestedAt: true,
+      role: true,
     },
   });
   if (!row) {
@@ -118,6 +157,9 @@ export async function checkRestoreTarget(
   if (row.deletionRequestedAt) {
     return { ok: false, reason: "pending_deletion", target, models: [] };
   }
+  if (row.role === "ADMIN") {
+    return { ok: false, reason: "admin_account", target, models: [] };
+  }
   const models = await modelsHoldingRecords(db, row.id);
   if (models.length > 0) {
     return { ok: false, reason: "holds_records", target, models };
@@ -130,6 +172,7 @@ export const BACKUP_TARGET_REFUSAL_CODES = {
   not_found: "backup.target.not_found",
   managed_profile: "backup.target.managed_profile",
   pending_deletion: "backup.target.pending_deletion",
+  admin_account: "backup.target.admin_account",
   holds_records: "backup.target.holds_records",
 } as const satisfies Record<RestoreTargetRefusal, string>;
 
@@ -157,6 +200,12 @@ export const RESTORE_TARGET_REFUSALS: Readonly<
     message:
       "The chosen account is pending deletion. Undo the deletion first, or choose another account.",
   },
+  admin_account: {
+    status: 409,
+    code: BACKUP_TARGET_REFUSAL_CODES.admin_account,
+    message:
+      "The chosen account is an admin account. A copy of another person's record cannot be restored into it; choose an ordinary account or create a new one.",
+  },
   holds_records: {
     status: 409,
     code: BACKUP_TARGET_REFUSAL_CODES.holds_records,
diff --git a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/backup-restore-outcome.test.ts b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/backup-restore-outcome.test.ts
index b1c8f82d7..db7e72379 100644
--- a/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/backup-restore-outcome.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/jobs/__tests__/backup-restore-outcome.test.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ const CODE_TABLE: Record<BackupRestoreFailureCode, true> = {
   document_ciphertext_missing: true,
   "backup.key.missing": true,
   "backup.foreign_reference": true,
+  "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere": true,
   time_budget: true,
   transaction_failed: true,
   interrupted: true,
diff --git a/src/lib/openapi/error-codes.ts b/src/lib/openapi/error-codes.ts
index 83464e1c1..ac9131f44 100644
--- a/src/lib/openapi/error-codes.ts
+++ b/src/lib/openapi/error-codes.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@ export const ERROR_CODE_CATALOGUE: Readonly<Record<string, readonly string[]>> =
       "backup.owner.missing",
       "backup.payload.undecryptable",
       "backup.restore.active",
+      "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere",
       "backup.section.missing",
+      "backup.target.admin_account",
       "backup.target.holds_records",
       "backup.target.managed_profile",
       "backup.target.not_found",
diff --git a/src/lib/openapi/routes/admin-backups.ts b/src/lib/openapi/routes/admin-backups.ts
index cc149e2c4..b5a06680b 100644
--- a/src/lib/openapi/routes/admin-backups.ts
+++ b/src/lib/openapi/routes/admin-backups.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ const restoreFailure = z
   .object({
     code: z.string().meta({
       description:
-        "Stable reason: `backup_not_found`, `backup_changed`, `backup.payload.undecryptable`, `schema_invalid`, `incompatible_schema_version`, `owner_mismatch`, `owner_not_found`, `backup.section.missing`, `document_ciphertext_missing`, `backup.key.missing`, `backup.foreign_reference`, `time_budget`, `transaction_failed`, `interrupted`, `not_started`, `enqueue_failed`, `failed_after_commit`, `unexpected`. Every code but `failed_after_commit` means the account was not changed.",
+        "Stable reason: `backup_not_found`, `backup_changed`, `backup.payload.undecryptable`, `schema_invalid`, `incompatible_schema_version`, `owner_mismatch`, `owner_not_found`, `backup.section.missing`, `document_ciphertext_missing`, `backup.key.missing`, `backup.foreign_reference`, `backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere` (a copy put into a chosen account whose records another account already holds, because the same file was restored there before), `time_budget`, `transaction_failed`, `interrupted`, `not_started`, `enqueue_failed`, `failed_after_commit`, `unexpected`. Every code but `failed_after_commit` means the account was not changed.",
     }),
     message: z.string(),
     sections: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ export const adminBackupPaths: NonNullable<ZodOpenApiObject["paths"]> = {
         },
         "409": {
           description:
-            "The chosen target cannot take the copy, and nothing was stored: a managed profile (`backup.target.managed_profile`), an account pending deletion (`backup.target.pending_deletion`), an account that already holds records (`backup.target.holds_records`, `meta.models` naming them), a username already taken (`backup.target.username_taken`), or a file whose own account is still here (`backup.owner.exists`).",
+            "The chosen target cannot take the copy, and nothing was stored: a managed profile (`backup.target.managed_profile`), an account pending deletion (`backup.target.pending_deletion`), an admin account (`backup.target.admin_account`), an account that already holds records (`backup.target.holds_records`, `meta.models` naming them), a username already taken (`backup.target.username_taken`), or a file whose own account is still here (`backup.owner.exists`).",
           content: { "application/json": { schema: errorEnvelope } },
         },
         "413": {
diff --git a/src/lib/timeline/__tests__/lab-series.test.ts b/src/lib/timeline/__tests__/lab-series.test.ts
index 1a29fdc5f..311fcda46 100644
--- a/src/lib/timeline/__tests__/lab-series.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/timeline/__tests__/lab-series.test.ts
@@ -272,12 +272,23 @@ describe("a lab marker in `values`", () => {
     expect(parseSeriesKeys("lab:../etc")).toBeNull();
   });
 
-  it("is capped, because marker ids are not a closed set", () => {
+  it("keeps the first markers up to the cap and leaves the rest out, so a long stored list still loads", () => {
     const many = (n: number) =>
       Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => `lab:m${i}`).join(",");
     expect(parseSeriesKeys(many(TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX))).toHaveLength(
       TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX,
     );
-    expect(parseSeriesKeys(many(TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX + 1))).toBeNull();
+    const capped = parseSeriesKeys(
+      `WEIGHT,${many(TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX + 6)},MOOD`,
+    );
+    expect(capped).toEqual([
+      "WEIGHT",
+      ...Array.from({ length: TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX }, (_, i) => `lab:m${i}`),
+      "MOOD",
+    ]);
+    // A malformed key past the cap still refuses: the cap is not a filter.
+    expect(
+      parseSeriesKeys(`${many(TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX)},lab:../x`),
+    ).toBeNull();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/lib/timeline/lab-series.ts b/src/lib/timeline/lab-series.ts
index d48838a13..b13d3a17e 100644
--- a/src/lib/timeline/lab-series.ts
+++ b/src/lib/timeline/lab-series.ts
@@ -280,7 +280,11 @@ export async function loadLabSeries(args: {
 /**
  * Every marker the record has a numeric reading for, whatever the window,
  * by name. A marker with only qualitative readings ("negative") has nothing
- * to draw and is not offered.
+ * to draw and is not offered, and neither is a hidden one: hiding a marker
+ * takes it out of the labs catalogue and the entry pickers, and this picker
+ * follows. A hidden marker already chosen keeps its line (`loadLabSeries`
+ * does not filter), and the menu names it from that line, so it can still
+ * be unticked, as the entry form keeps a hidden marker already selected.
  */
 export async function loadAvailableLabMarkers(args: {
   recordId: string;
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ export async function loadAvailableLabMarkers(args: {
     .filter((id): id is string => id !== null);
   if (ids.length === 0) return [];
   const markers = await prisma.biomarker.findMany({
-    where: { userId: recordId, id: { in: ids } },
+    where: { userId: recordId, id: { in: ids }, hidden: false },
     select: { id: true, name: true, panel: true, unit: true },
     orderBy: [{ name: "asc" }, { id: "asc" }],
   });
diff --git a/src/lib/timeline/load-timeline.ts b/src/lib/timeline/load-timeline.ts
index 4e07ee67b..8de5bc5c1 100644
--- a/src/lib/timeline/load-timeline.ts
+++ b/src/lib/timeline/load-timeline.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import { MeasurementType as MeasurementTypes } from "@/generated/prisma/enums";
 import type { MeasurementType } from "@/generated/prisma/enums";
 
 import {
+  capTimelineLabKeys,
   DAY_NOTABLE_MAX_SPAN_DAYS,
-  TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX,
   TIMELINE_LANE_KEYS,
   timelineLabMarkerId,
   type TimelineBucket,
@@ -118,7 +118,10 @@ const MEASUREMENT_TYPE_SET: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(
  * lanes. A lab marker (`lab:<biomarkerId>`, #1299) is checked for its shape
  * only: whether the record has it is the loader's question, and the answer
  * to a stale one is no line rather than an error. Marker ids are not a
- * closed set, so their count is capped.
+ * closed set, so their count is capped: the first
+ * `TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX` are kept and the rest left out. A refusal would
+ * be stored with the choice and fail the page on every visit, with the menu
+ * that could undo it never drawn.
  */
 export function parseSeriesKeys(raw: string | undefined): string[] | null {
   if (raw === undefined) return [...DEFAULT_TIMELINE_SERIES];
@@ -130,15 +133,11 @@ export function parseSeriesKeys(raw: string | undefined): string[] | null {
         .filter((k) => k.length > 0),
     ),
   ];
-  let labs = 0;
   for (const key of keys) {
-    if (timelineLabMarkerId(key) !== null) {
-      labs += 1;
-      continue;
-    }
+    if (timelineLabMarkerId(key) !== null) continue;
     if (key !== MOOD_SERIES_KEY && !MEASUREMENT_TYPE_SET.has(key)) return null;
   }
-  return labs > TIMELINE_LAB_SERIES_MAX ? null : keys;
+  return capTimelineLabKeys(keys);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/tests/integration/backup-erased-account-restore.test.ts b/tests/integration/backup-erased-account-restore.test.ts
index 39f6afc56..3b2ea8c7a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/backup-erased-account-restore.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/backup-erased-account-restore.test.ts
@@ -22,11 +22,16 @@
  *      empty account (typed confirmation) and into a new account it creates,
  *      every section comes back, the audit trail says what happened, and
  *      nothing names the erased account, the refused first upload included.
- *   6. A target that holds records, is a managed profile, is pending deletion
- *      or is not confirmed is refused before the file is read; so is a target
- *      for a file whose own account is still here, and a new account made for
- *      a refused file is removed again. A non-admin session and a Bearer
- *      token are refused outright.
+ *      An account that has just been through the setup routes counts as
+ *      empty, and the copy's setup state replaces its own; one whose setup
+ *      ended on a reading of its own does not.
+ *   6. A target that holds records, is a managed profile, is pending
+ *      deletion, is an admin or is not confirmed is refused before the file
+ *      is read; so is a target for a file whose own account is still here,
+ *      and a new account made for a refused file is removed again. A
+ *      non-admin session and a Bearer token are refused outright. A copy put
+ *      into a chosen account keeps that mark, and its restore takes no
+ *      setting on the operator's word, even after the account is promoted.
  *
  * Everything runs through production code: the deletion route, the purge job,
  * the admin upload, target-check and restore routes and the restore job
@@ -290,6 +295,52 @@ async function checkTarget(userId: string) {
   };
 }
 
+function jsonRequest(path: string, method: string, body: unknown): Request {
+  return new Request(`http://localhost${path}`, {
+    method,
+    headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify(body),
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * `userId` signs up again and goes through setup the way the flow does it:
+ * every question answered, the units written, cycle tracking asked for, and
+ * the confirm screen's profile fields. The session is left on `userId`.
+ */
+async function goThroughOnboarding(prisma: PrismaClient, userId: string) {
+  cookieJar.clear();
+  await signIn(prisma, userId);
+  const { PATCH } = await import("@/app/api/onboarding/answers/route");
+  const answer = async (body: unknown) => {
+    const res = await (PATCH as (r: Request) => Promise<Response>)(
+      jsonRequest("/api/onboarding/answers", "PATCH", body),
+    );
+    expect(res.status, await res.clone().text()).toBe(200);
+  };
+  await answer({ step: "who", recordTarget: "me" });
+  await answer({ step: "areas", areas: ["blood-pressure", "cycle", "labs"] });
+  await answer({ step: "medication", medication: "yes" });
+  await answer({ step: "sources", status: "skipped" });
+  await answer({ step: "visit", visit: "no" });
+  await answer({
+    step: "units",
+    units: { glucoseUnit: "mmol/L", unitPreference: "metric" },
+  });
+  const { POST } = await import("@/app/api/onboarding/complete/route");
+  const done = await (POST as (r: Request) => Promise<Response>)(
+    jsonRequest("/api/onboarding/complete", "POST", {
+      displayName: "Returning",
+      heightCm: 172,
+      dateOfBirth: "1980-05-04",
+      gender: "FEMALE",
+    }),
+  );
+  expect(done.status, await done.clone().text()).toBe(200);
+  await answer({ step: "first-result", status: "skipped" });
+  await answer({ step: "done" });
+}
+
 /** The stored copy as the restore will read it, as text. */
 async function storedCopyText(prisma: PrismaClient, backupId: string) {
   const row = await prisma.dataBackup.findUniqueOrThrow({
@@ -453,6 +504,133 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
     SLOW,
   );
 
+  it(
+    "into an account that has just been through setup: the setup state does not count, and the copy's replaces it",
+    async () => {
+      const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+      const { admin, json, counts } = await eraseAfterExport(prisma);
+      const person = await prisma.user.create({
+        data: {
+          username: "returning-person",
+          email: "returning-person@example.test",
+        },
+      });
+      await goThroughOnboarding(prisma, person.id);
+      // What setup left behind: its own row, and the cycle profile the cycle
+      // answer switched on.
+      expect(
+        await prisma.onboardingRecord.count({ where: { userId: person.id } }),
+      ).toBe(1);
+      expect(
+        await prisma.cycleProfile.findUniqueOrThrow({
+          where: { userId: person.id },
+          select: { cycleTrackingEnabled: true },
+        }),
+      ).toEqual({ cycleTrackingEnabled: true });
+
+      cookieJar.clear();
+      await signIn(prisma, admin.id);
+      const check = await checkTarget(person.id);
+      expect(check.body.data).toMatchObject({
+        eligible: true,
+        reason: null,
+        models: [],
+      });
+
+      const stored = await uploadInto(json, {
+        into: "existing",
+        userId: person.id,
+        confirm: "returning-person",
+      });
+      expect(stored.status, JSON.stringify(stored.body)).toBe(201);
+      const restored = await restore(stored.body.data!.id);
+      expect(restored.status, JSON.stringify(restored.body)).toBe(200);
+      // Replaced, not merged: the counts are the file's, setup rows included.
+      expect(await countsOf(prisma, person.id)).toEqual(counts);
+      expect(await cellsNaming(prisma, OWNER_ID)).toEqual([]);
+    },
+    SLOW,
+  );
+
+  it(
+    "restores a retargeted copy's settings on the file author's word, even into an account promoted to admin since",
+    async () => {
+      const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+      vi.stubEnv("AI_PRIVATE_ORIGINS", "");
+      vi.stubEnv("ALLOW_LOCAL_AI_PRIVATE_HOSTS", "true");
+      const { json } = await eraseAfterExport(prisma);
+      const payload = JSON.parse(json) as {
+        accountSettings: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+      };
+      payload.accountSettings = {
+        ...(payload.accountSettings ?? {}),
+        aiProvider: "LOCAL",
+        aiBaseUrl: "http://10.20.30.40:11434",
+      };
+      const person = await prisma.user.create({
+        data: { username: "returning-person" },
+      });
+
+      const stored = await uploadInto(JSON.stringify(payload), {
+        into: "existing",
+        userId: person.id,
+        confirm: "returning-person",
+      });
+      expect(stored.status, JSON.stringify(stored.body)).toBe(201);
+      const row = await prisma.dataBackup.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { id: stored.body.data!.id },
+        select: { type: true },
+      });
+      expect(row.type).toMatch(/^RETARGETED_UPLOAD_\d+$/);
+
+      // Promoted between the upload and the restore.
+      await prisma.user.update({
+        where: { id: person.id },
+        data: { role: "ADMIN" },
+      });
+      const restored = await restore(stored.body.data!.id);
+      expect(restored.status, JSON.stringify(restored.body)).toBe(200);
+      expect(
+        await prisma.user.findUniqueOrThrow({
+          where: { id: person.id },
+          select: { aiProvider: true, aiBaseUrl: true },
+        }),
+      ).toEqual({ aiProvider: "LOCAL", aiBaseUrl: null });
+    },
+    SLOW,
+  );
+
+  it(
+    "refuses an account whose setup ended on a reading of its own, because the restore would delete it",
+    async () => {
+      const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+      const { admin } = await eraseAfterExport(prisma);
+      const person = await prisma.user.create({
+        data: { username: "logged-one", email: "logged-one@example.test" },
+      });
+      await goThroughOnboarding(prisma, person.id);
+      // The first-result step's reading goes through the ordinary write.
+      await prisma.measurement.create({
+        data: {
+          userId: person.id,
+          type: "BLOOD_PRESSURE_SYS",
+          value: 128,
+          unit: "mmHg",
+          measuredAt: new Date("2026-10-28T08:00:00.000Z"),
+        },
+      });
+
+      cookieJar.clear();
+      await signIn(prisma, admin.id);
+      expect((await checkTarget(person.id)).body.data).toMatchObject({
+        eligible: false,
+        reason: "holds_records",
+        models: ["Measurement"],
+      });
+    },
+    SLOW,
+  );
+
   it(
     "into a new account: created without a password, filled, and signed into through the admin reset",
     async () => {
@@ -499,17 +677,20 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
         passwordHash: null,
       });
 
+      // Traced when it is made, before the file is read; the upload row
+      // links it to the copy.
       expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.create")).toEqual([
         {
           targetUserId: account.id,
           username: "returning-person",
           reason: "backup_restore",
-          backupId,
+          outcome: "created",
         },
       ]);
       expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.backups.upload")).toEqual([
-        expect.objectContaining({ ownerId: account.id, into: "new" }),
+        expect.objectContaining({ backupId, ownerId: account.id, into: "new" }),
       ]);
+      expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.delete")).toEqual([]);
       expect(await cellsNaming(prisma, OWNER_ID)).toEqual([]);
 
       // How the person gets in: the admin sets a first password with the
@@ -566,7 +747,15 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
         },
       });
       const empty = await prisma.user.create({ data: { username: "empty" } });
+      const otherAdmin = await prisma.user.create({
+        data: { username: "second-admin", role: "ADMIN" },
+      });
 
+      expect((await checkTarget(otherAdmin.id)).body.data).toMatchObject({
+        eligible: false,
+        reason: "admin_account",
+        models: [],
+      });
       expect((await checkTarget(used.id)).body.data).toMatchObject({
         eligible: false,
         reason: "holds_records",
@@ -590,6 +779,11 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
           409,
           "backup.target.pending_deletion",
         ],
+        [
+          { into: "existing", userId: otherAdmin.id, confirm: "second-admin" },
+          409,
+          "backup.target.admin_account",
+        ],
         [
           { into: "existing", userId: "no-such-account", confirm: "x" },
           404,
@@ -625,6 +819,7 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
         "target_holds_records",
         "target_managed_profile",
         "target_pending_deletion",
+        "target_admin_account",
         "target_not_found",
         "target_unconfirmed",
         "target_username_taken",
@@ -669,7 +864,24 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
       expect(
         await prisma.user.count({ where: { username: "would-be-copy" } }),
       ).toBe(0);
-      expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.create")).toEqual([]);
+      // The account was made, traced, and removed again, traced as well.
+      const made = await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.create");
+      expect(made).toEqual([
+        {
+          targetUserId: expect.any(String),
+          username: "would-be-copy",
+          reason: "backup_restore",
+          outcome: "created",
+        },
+      ]);
+      expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.delete")).toEqual([
+        {
+          targetUserId: (made[0] as { targetUserId: string }).targetUserId,
+          username: "would-be-copy",
+          reason: "backup_upload_refused",
+          outcome: "deleted",
+        },
+      ]);
       expect(await prisma.dataBackup.count()).toBe(0);
 
       // Without a target, the same file goes to its own account as before.
@@ -687,6 +899,91 @@ describe("restoring the backup of an erased account into a chosen account", () =
     SLOW,
   );
 
+  it(
+    "refuses a second restore of the same file into another account, explained and with nothing changed",
+    async () => {
+      const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+      const { json, counts } = await eraseAfterExport(prisma);
+
+      const first = await uploadInto(json, {
+        into: "new",
+        username: "first-home",
+      });
+      expect(first.status, JSON.stringify(first.body)).toBe(201);
+      expect((await restore(first.body.data!.id)).status).toBe(200);
+      const home = await prisma.user.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { username: "first-home" },
+      });
+
+      await prisma.rateLimit.deleteMany();
+      const second = await uploadInto(json, {
+        into: "new",
+        username: "second-home",
+      });
+      expect(second.status, JSON.stringify(second.body)).toBe(201);
+      const again = await restore(second.body.data!.id);
+      expect(again.status, JSON.stringify(again.body)).toBe(409);
+      expect(
+        (again.body as { meta?: { errorCode?: string } }).meta?.errorCode,
+      ).toBe("backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere");
+      expect(again.body.error).toMatch(/already restored into another account/);
+
+      // Rolled back: the second account holds nothing, the first all of it.
+      const twin = await prisma.user.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { username: "second-home" },
+      });
+      expect(
+        Object.values(await countsOf(prisma, twin.id)).every((n) => n === 0),
+      ).toBe(true);
+      expect(await countsOf(prisma, home.id)).toEqual(counts);
+    },
+    SLOW,
+  );
+
+  it(
+    "leaves a trace of an account made for a refused file when it cannot be removed again",
+    async () => {
+      const prisma = getPrismaClient();
+      const { json } = await eraseAfterExport(prisma);
+      await createOwner(prisma);
+      const { prisma: appPrisma } = await import("@/lib/db");
+      const remove = vi
+        .spyOn(appPrisma.user, "delete")
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("connection reset"));
+
+      const refused = await uploadInto(json, {
+        into: "new",
+        username: "left-behind",
+      });
+      remove.mockRestore();
+      // The operator still sees why the file was refused.
+      expect(refused.status, JSON.stringify(refused.body)).toBe(409);
+      expect(refused.body.meta?.errorCode).toBe("backup.owner.exists");
+
+      const account = await prisma.user.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { username: "left-behind" },
+      });
+      expect(account).toMatchObject({ passwordHash: null, email: null });
+      expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.create")).toEqual([
+        {
+          targetUserId: account.id,
+          username: "left-behind",
+          reason: "backup_restore",
+          outcome: "created",
+        },
+      ]);
+      expect(await auditDetails(prisma, "admin.user.delete")).toEqual([
+        {
+          targetUserId: account.id,
+          username: "left-behind",
+          reason: "backup_upload_refused",
+          outcome: "failed",
+        },
+      ]);
+    },
+    SLOW,
+  );
+
   it(
     "refuses a non-admin session and an admin's Bearer token, and creates nothing",
     async () => {
diff --git a/tests/integration/restore-job-driver.ts b/tests/integration/restore-job-driver.ts
index 94dddd6b0..4e65a9db3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/restore-job-driver.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/restore-job-driver.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ const LEGACY_STATUS: Record<string, number> = {
   owner_mismatch: 409,
   owner_not_found: 422,
   "backup.section.missing": 422,
+  "backup.restore.rows_exist_elsewhere": 409,
   document_ciphertext_missing: 422,
   time_budget: 503,
   transaction_failed: 500,
diff --git a/tests/integration/timeline-lab-series.test.ts b/tests/integration/timeline-lab-series.test.ts
index 9b6f54278..48a71e6ca 100644
--- a/tests/integration/timeline-lab-series.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/timeline-lab-series.test.ts
@@ -287,6 +287,30 @@ describe("lab lines on the timeline", () => {
     expect(empty.labSeries[0]).toMatchObject({ points: [], excluded: 0 });
   });
 
+  it("does not offer a hidden marker, and keeps drawing one already chosen", async () => {
+    const owner = await makeUser("owner");
+    const { marker } = await seedFerritin(owner.id);
+    await getPrismaClient().biomarker.update({
+      where: { id: marker.id },
+      data: { hidden: true },
+    });
+    await signIn(owner.id);
+
+    // Hidden from the picker, as from the labs catalogue and entry pickers.
+    const offered = await data(await getTimeline(`zoom=all&values=WEIGHT`));
+    expect(offered.availableLabs).toEqual([]);
+    // A line chosen before it was hidden still draws, and still names
+    // itself, so the menu can untick it.
+    const chosen = await data(
+      await getTimeline(`zoom=all&values=lab:${marker.id}`),
+    );
+    expect(chosen.availableLabs).toEqual([]);
+    expect(chosen.labSeries.map((line) => [line.key, line.name])).toEqual([
+      [`lab:${marker.id}`, "Ferritin"],
+    ]);
+    expect(chosen.labSeries[0].points).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+
   it("finds nothing under another record's marker id, and does not refuse", async () => {
     const owner = await makeUser("owner");
     const other = await makeUser("other");
@@ -299,12 +323,31 @@ describe("lab lines on the timeline", () => {
     expect(timeline.labSeries).toEqual([]);
     expect(timeline.availableLabs).toEqual([]);
 
-    // A list of ids is capped, and a malformed one is refused.
-    const many = Array.from({ length: 25 }, (_, i) => `lab:m${i}`).join(",");
-    expect((await getTimeline(`values=${many}`)).status).toBe(422);
+    // A malformed id is refused.
     expect((await getTimeline(`values=lab:..%2Fx`)).status).toBe(422);
   });
 
+  it("draws the first 24 markers of a longer list and leaves the rest out, rather than refusing", async () => {
+    const owner = await makeUser("owner");
+    const { marker } = await seedFerritin(owner.id);
+    await signIn(owner.id);
+
+    const filler = Array.from({ length: 24 }, (_, i) => `lab:m${i}`);
+    // Past the cap: the record's own marker is the 25th, so it is not drawn.
+    const past = await getTimeline(
+      `zoom=all&values=WEIGHT,${[...filler, `lab:${marker.id}`].join(",")}`,
+    );
+    expect(past.status).toBe(200);
+    expect((await data(past)).labSeries).toEqual([]);
+    // Within the cap it is.
+    const within = await data(
+      await getTimeline(
+        `zoom=all&values=${[...filler.slice(1), `lab:${marker.id}`].join(",")}`,
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(within.labSeries.map((s) => s.key)).toEqual([`lab:${marker.id}`]);
+  });
+
   it("refuses a grant scoped to some sections, and shares the lines on a whole-record grant", async () => {
     const owner = await makeUser("owner");
     const { marker } = await seedFerritin(owner.id);